Oceanography- Chapter 7
Water with which of the following characteristics would be the densest?
Cold water with high salinitr
What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate the Ekman spiral?
Deck of cards
Which of the following are true western boundary currents
Deep as compared to eastern boundary currents and fast as compared to eastern boundary currents
Actual geostrophic flow is created by which of the following
Friction, gravity, Coriolis effect
Which of the following water masses has the highest average salinity
Mediterranean intermediate water
The Gulf Stream transports warm water into the __________.
North Atlantic
As shown in the video, the regular version of the item ___ and the diet version ___
Sank, floated
What causes western intensification?
The rotation of earth from west to east
What is the Southern Oscillation?
the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions
Using the T-S diagram shown above if a water mass has a density of 1.0280 g/cm3 and a salinity of 35.3 ppt what is its temp
5° c
In locations we are north of Lantic deep water, Antarctic bottom water, and Antarctic intermediate water are all found how would they be arranged vertically in the water column
Antarctic bottom water would be on the bottom, north Atlantic deep water would be in the middle, and Antarctic intermediate water would be on the top
Surface ocean currents__
Are influenced by coriolis, are driven by winds, form large rotating gyres to in the major ocean basins
One of the world's most powerful currents, located off the east coast of the United States, is the __________.
Gulf Stream
The current in the northwestern part of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre that transports warm water toward the North Atlantic is called the ___
Gulf Stream
What happened to the styrofoam cup that was subjected to the high pressure of the deep ocean
It became a miniature sized cup
What is the Walker Circulation Cell?
It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.
A deep and powerful southward subsurface current that flows under the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic is the __________.
North Atlantic Deep Water
What common Household items are used in this video to demonstrate the properties of different water masses
Regular and diet soda
In the northern hemisphere, the Ekman spiral moves layers of water to the __ of the wind direction and Eckman transport (The overall direction of water movement) is to the —
Right, right
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding subtropical convergence
Subtropical convergence produces a hill of piled up water in the center of each jar in the northern hemisphere that is deflected toward the west, subtropical convergence is caused by the clockwise rotation of each jar in the northern hemisphere, subtropical convergence causes a bolt of surface water that can be as high as 2 m
thermohaline circulation in the ocean if driven primarily by differences in ___ and ___ among water masses
Temperature and salinity
What would you expect weather to be like on the eastern coast of Australia if the western coast of South America were experiencing unusually warm, wet weather?
The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather.
Which of the following are true of eastern boundary currents
They flow along the more gradual slope of the hill of water, wide as compared to western boundary currents, weak as compared to western boundary currents
Why does upwelling occur along the west coast of South America under normal conditions?
Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.
The thermocline is ___
a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water
To what depth in the ocean does the Ekman spiral extend?
about 100 meters (330 feet)
Warm ocean currents ___
are warmer than the surrounding water
When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off into the warm water south of the current, the eddy is called a __________.
cold-core eddy or ring
The loss of heat from the ocean surface, resulting in a lowered temperature, causes ocean water to become __________.
denser
Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow ___. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow ___ .
east to west; west to east
Which direction do ocean currents in the South Pacific move under El Niño conditions?
eastward
Ocean frontal systems that spin off from currents such as the Gulf Stream, akin to atmospheric storms, are known as __________.
eddies
Cool ocean currents __
generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator
A large system of rotating ocean currents, usually driven by the major wind belts, is called a(n) __________.
gyre
What is the overall effect of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions?
lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions
Fluctuations in the flow of the Gulf Stream current result in curving loops of water known as __________.
meanders
The subtropical gyres __
play a large role in climate
deep ocean currents __
result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)
High amounts of _____ caused one of the items to _____.
sugar sink
Under which conditions are droughts and wildfires common in Australia?
under El Niño conditions
