Oceanography Exam 2
The ion in sea water that is serves as a buffer is
HCO3
An agreement amongst 60 nations to limit greenhouse gases is called
Kyoto protocal
A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called
cold front
which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antartica?
Two circumpolar currents dominate it
Steepness=1:7
condition at which waves break
rouge wave
constructive interference
increase seawater salinity
evaporation, high temperature, low latitude, sea ice form
A hurricane is a very strong high pressure system
false
A wave will break when wave steepness is equal to 1/20
false
Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic
false
The horizontal distance between two successive troughs is called the wave height
false
Thermohaline circulation is wind driven
false
latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimination
false
salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances
false
the greenhouse gas that accounts for most of the natural greenhouse effect in earths atmosphere is carbon dioxide
false
water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension
false
The height of a wave depends upon
fetch, wind duration, and wind speed
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian ocean
flow from land to sea and are dry
condensation
gas to liquid
Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport in a gyre?
geostrophic circulation
tide
gravitational forces
Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by
gravity
Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current
gulf stream
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
high heat capacity
Deep ocean water in the Indian Ocean includes Red Sea water which has
high salinity and low oxygen
water can pile up short distance abova a containers rim due to
high surface tension
When ice froms from seawater the remaining seawater will have a
higher salinity
in comparison to most other liquids the heat capacity of water is
higher than other liquids
The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the
hydrologic cycle
Deep water circulation in the Pacific Ocean is influenced by
hydrothermal vents from the East Pacific Rise
The location where water flow uninterrupted between the pacific, the atlantic, and the indian oceans is
in the southern ocean
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height
increases and wavelength decreases
the surface tension of water is
increases as density decreases
Doldrums refer to the same region as the
intertropical convergence zone
many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water
is a polar molecule
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0. what happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added
it remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise
mismatched pair
labrador current, humboldt current
convection cells driven by the relatively weak winds near the center of gyres are called
langmuir circulation
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation
latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect
The amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere, radiated back into space between 35 and 40 lat is
less than the amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere
evaporation
liquid to gas
Tropic of Cancer
located at 23.5 N latitude
Tropic of Capricorn
located at 23.5 S Latitude
storm surges are generated by intense
low pressure systems
Compared to Antarctic bottom water, North Atlantic Deep water is
lower in oxygen
Wavelength/20
minimum depth for generation of deep water waves
Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of
nutrients and oxygen
Water waves are
orbital waves
Scientists have concluded that deep Pacific ocean water is old is due to its low
oxygen levels
The time between two successive waves is called the
period
waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called
plunging breakers
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of
polarity of water molecules
Decrease seawater salinity
precipitation and river input
Rapid change in ocean density with change in depth
pycnocline
Hurricanes are an efficient way to
redistribute heat from one area to another
Concerned individuals can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by doing all of the following except
reducing the area covered by pavement or structures in urban areas
upwelling
replacement water coming from the bottom to the top of the water column
As the salinity of seawater increases its
residence time does not change
burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to
respiration
the fetch refers to
the distance over which wind blows without interruption
El Nino southern Oscillation can best be described as
the relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure
The principle of constant proportions states that
the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change
when water evaporates from the ocean surface
the remaining water is cooled
A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is
thermocline
In the southern hemisphere, the direction of ekman transport is
to the left of the wind direction
As a result of the Coriolis Effect in the Northern hemisphere winds are deflected
to the right of the original direction
equatorial currents are driven by the
trade winds
Ekman transport
transport of water to the left or right of the wind direction
Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed
true
The angle at which direct sunlight strike the oceans surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed
true
The doldrums can be found at the equator
true
The wavelength of energy radiated from the Earth back into the atmosphere is longer than the incoming solar radiation
true
a cold front is likely to have heavy brief showers
true
as a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline
true
evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid
true
halite, sodium, chloride is the most abundant salt in seawater
true
heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree c
true
pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity
true
the alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity
true
the density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature
true
the jet stream is a fast moving easterly flowing air mass
true
the latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting
true
water molecules exhibit strong cohesion
true
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient rich bottom water through
upwelling
The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to
water depth
The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on earth is
water vapor
The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to
wave height
The speed of a deepwater wave is proportional to
wave period
standing waves may be caused by
wave reflection
waves converge on headllands due to
wave refraction
Wavelength/period
wave speed
The ration of wave height to wavelength is called the
wave steepness
wave speed is equal to
wavelength divided by period
the circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to
wavelength/2
The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the
westerlies
the temperate regions are characterized by
westerly winds
A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be
wet and warm
Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except
where deep ocean water currents are formed
rogue waves tend to occur
where storm waves move against strong surface currents
The ekman spiral is driven by
wind
capillary wave
wind
swell
wind
westerlies
wind pattern at temperate latitudes
trade winds
wind pattern at tropical latitudes
Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ? and modified by ?
wind; the coriolis effect and land
The best climate models indicate that Earth's average surface temp has risen by 5 C in the last 100 years
False
West wind drift
cold current, polar lat, S hemi
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called
calorie
some insects can glide across the surface of water due to waters
capillary
pynocline
change in density with slight change in depth
halocline
change in salinity with slight change in depth
latent heat is used to
change the temperature of a substance
The gas that are increasing atmospheric concentration relative to other gases in the atmosphere annually are
chlorofluorocarbons
Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat
chlorofluorocarbons
When a meander from the Gulf stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called the
cold core ring
California current
cold current, N hemi, temperate lat
Canary Current
cold current, N hemi, temperate lat
Benguela Current
cold current, S Hemi, temperate lat
The gulf stream moves water away from the equator, the Benguela current moves some of this same water back toward the equator
False
The mediterranean Sea has little influence on the water of the Atlantic Ocean
False
The most dense ocean water is North Atlantic Deep Water
False
The speed of a shallow water wave is a function of wave period
False
The vertical distance between the wave trough and the wave crest is the wavelength
False
a maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold
False
the tradewinds can be found between 30 and 60 N and S latitudes
False
A deep water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to
1/2 of wavelength
the sofar channel is located at an approx ocean depth of
1000 m
Percentage of solar radiation directed to earth absorbed by the clouds and the atmosphere is about
25%
the average salinity of sea water is
3.5%
Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased by almost
30%
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about
50%
Westward intensification causes
All of the above
The arrangement of water masses in the soutern Atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is
Antartica Intermediate water, North Atlantic Deep water, Antarctic Bottom water
Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true
As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic
Which of the following is a wastern boundary current
Brazil current
The deflection of air masses to the right or left as they move from one latitude to another is called the
Coriolis Effect
A storm surge might form in association with a seafloor avalanche
False
An eastern boundary current is narrow and swift
False
Deep ocean water does not travel across the equator
False
Internal waves have never been directly observed
False
Shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 m
False
Gulf Stream
N hemi, temperate lat, warm current
Kurishio current
N hemi, temperate lat, warm current
The surgasso sea is located in the
North Atlantic Ocean
Downwelling
Replacement water coming from the top to the bottom of the water column
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the
Saffir-Simpson Scale
water is a polar molecule
TRUE
With respect to incoming solar radiation, it emitted back into the atmosphere has
a longer wavelength
intertropical convergence zone
area where air falls close to the equator
An internal wave might form
at a density boundary within the ocean
winds blowing from the north to the southern hemi will appear to
be deflected toward the east
Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for an eastern boundary current
broad and slow
low pressure systems in the N hemi rotate
counterclockwise
Thermohaline circulation is driven by
density
internal wave
density
Wavelength/2
depth of the circular motion of water molecules
Wave Height
diameter of orbital wave
Capillary and gravity waves are named for the
dominant restoring force
geostrophic flow
driven by gravity and modified by the coriolis force
The el nino weather pattern is associated with
drought and fires in Australia
The worldwide effect of El Nino include all of the following except
drought in the US gulf coastal states
Colder air moving over warmer ocean surgace water may produce
sea smoke
which of the following from earliest to latest represents the typical wave formation
sea, swell, surf
tsunami is considered to be a
shallow water wave
covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the
sharing of electrons between atoms
constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces
smaller waves
sublimination
solid to gas
The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the
sonar channel
If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for
spilling breakers
A wave will break when
steepness=1:7
The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is
sverdrup
waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out be wavelength are called
swell
gravity wave
tectonic activity
tsunami
tectonic activity
a tsunami may result from
tectonic activity on the seafloor
the phase in which water exists water is determined by
temperature and pressure
