Oceanography Exam 2

The ion in sea water that is serves as a buffer is

HCO3

An agreement amongst 60 nations to limit greenhouse gases is called

Kyoto protocal

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called

cold front

which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antartica?

Two circumpolar currents dominate it

Steepness=1:7

condition at which waves break

rouge wave

constructive interference

increase seawater salinity

evaporation, high temperature, low latitude, sea ice form

A hurricane is a very strong high pressure system

false

A wave will break when wave steepness is equal to 1/20

false

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic

false

The horizontal distance between two successive troughs is called the wave height

false

Thermohaline circulation is wind driven

false

latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimination

false

salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances

false

the greenhouse gas that accounts for most of the natural greenhouse effect in earths atmosphere is carbon dioxide

false

water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension

false

The height of a wave depends upon

fetch, wind duration, and wind speed

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian ocean

flow from land to sea and are dry

condensation

gas to liquid

Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport in a gyre?

geostrophic circulation

tide

gravitational forces

Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by

gravity

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current

gulf stream

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Deep ocean water in the Indian Ocean includes Red Sea water which has

high salinity and low oxygen

water can pile up short distance abova a containers rim due to

high surface tension

When ice froms from seawater the remaining seawater will have a

higher salinity

in comparison to most other liquids the heat capacity of water is

higher than other liquids

The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the

hydrologic cycle

Deep water circulation in the Pacific Ocean is influenced by

hydrothermal vents from the East Pacific Rise

The location where water flow uninterrupted between the pacific, the atlantic, and the indian oceans is

in the southern ocean

As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height

increases and wavelength decreases

the surface tension of water is

increases as density decreases

Doldrums refer to the same region as the

intertropical convergence zone

many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water

is a polar molecule

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0. what happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added

it remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise

mismatched pair

labrador current, humboldt current

convection cells driven by the relatively weak winds near the center of gyres are called

langmuir circulation

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation

latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect

The amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere, radiated back into space between 35 and 40 lat is

less than the amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere

evaporation

liquid to gas

Tropic of Cancer

located at 23.5 N latitude

Tropic of Capricorn

located at 23.5 S Latitude

storm surges are generated by intense

low pressure systems

Compared to Antarctic bottom water, North Atlantic Deep water is

lower in oxygen

Wavelength/20

minimum depth for generation of deep water waves

Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of

nutrients and oxygen

Water waves are

orbital waves

Scientists have concluded that deep Pacific ocean water is old is due to its low

oxygen levels

The time between two successive waves is called the

period

waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called

plunging breakers

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

polarity of water molecules

Decrease seawater salinity

precipitation and river input

Rapid change in ocean density with change in depth

pycnocline

Hurricanes are an efficient way to

redistribute heat from one area to another

Concerned individuals can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by doing all of the following except

reducing the area covered by pavement or structures in urban areas

upwelling

replacement water coming from the bottom to the top of the water column

As the salinity of seawater increases its

residence time does not change

burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to

respiration

the fetch refers to

the distance over which wind blows without interruption

El Nino southern Oscillation can best be described as

the relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure

The principle of constant proportions states that

the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change

when water evaporates from the ocean surface

the remaining water is cooled

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is

thermocline

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of ekman transport is

to the left of the wind direction

As a result of the Coriolis Effect in the Northern hemisphere winds are deflected

to the right of the original direction

equatorial currents are driven by the

trade winds

Ekman transport

transport of water to the left or right of the wind direction

Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed

true

The angle at which direct sunlight strike the oceans surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed

true

The doldrums can be found at the equator

true

The wavelength of energy radiated from the Earth back into the atmosphere is longer than the incoming solar radiation

true

a cold front is likely to have heavy brief showers

true

as a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline

true

evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid

true

halite, sodium, chloride is the most abundant salt in seawater

true

heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree c

true

pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity

true

the alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity

true

the density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature

true

the jet stream is a fast moving easterly flowing air mass

true

the latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting

true

water molecules exhibit strong cohesion

true

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient rich bottom water through

upwelling

The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to

water depth

The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on earth is

water vapor

The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to

wave height

The speed of a deepwater wave is proportional to

wave period

standing waves may be caused by

wave reflection

waves converge on headllands due to

wave refraction

Wavelength/period

wave speed

The ration of wave height to wavelength is called the

wave steepness

wave speed is equal to

wavelength divided by period

the circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to

wavelength/2

The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the

westerlies

the temperate regions are characterized by

westerly winds

A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be

wet and warm

Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except

where deep ocean water currents are formed

rogue waves tend to occur

where storm waves move against strong surface currents

The ekman spiral is driven by

wind

capillary wave

wind

swell

wind

westerlies

wind pattern at temperate latitudes

trade winds

wind pattern at tropical latitudes

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ? and modified by ?

wind; the coriolis effect and land

The best climate models indicate that Earth's average surface temp has risen by 5 C in the last 100 years

False

West wind drift

cold current, polar lat, S hemi

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called

calorie

some insects can glide across the surface of water due to waters

capillary

pynocline

change in density with slight change in depth

halocline

change in salinity with slight change in depth

latent heat is used to

change the temperature of a substance

The gas that are increasing atmospheric concentration relative to other gases in the atmosphere annually are

chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat

chlorofluorocarbons

When a meander from the Gulf stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called the

cold core ring

California current

cold current, N hemi, temperate lat

Canary Current

cold current, N hemi, temperate lat

Benguela Current

cold current, S Hemi, temperate lat

The gulf stream moves water away from the equator, the Benguela current moves some of this same water back toward the equator

False

The mediterranean Sea has little influence on the water of the Atlantic Ocean

False

The most dense ocean water is North Atlantic Deep Water

False

The speed of a shallow water wave is a function of wave period

False

The vertical distance between the wave trough and the wave crest is the wavelength

False

a maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold

False

the tradewinds can be found between 30 and 60 N and S latitudes

False

A deep water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to

1/2 of wavelength

the sofar channel is located at an approx ocean depth of

1000 m

Percentage of solar radiation directed to earth absorbed by the clouds and the atmosphere is about

25%

the average salinity of sea water is

3.5%

Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased by almost

30%

The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about

50%

Westward intensification causes

All of the above

The arrangement of water masses in the soutern Atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is

Antartica Intermediate water, North Atlantic Deep water, Antarctic Bottom water

Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic

Which of the following is a wastern boundary current

Brazil current

The deflection of air masses to the right or left as they move from one latitude to another is called the

Coriolis Effect

A storm surge might form in association with a seafloor avalanche

False

An eastern boundary current is narrow and swift

False

Deep ocean water does not travel across the equator

False

Internal waves have never been directly observed

False

Shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 m

False

Gulf Stream

N hemi, temperate lat, warm current

Kurishio current

N hemi, temperate lat, warm current

The surgasso sea is located in the

North Atlantic Ocean

Downwelling

Replacement water coming from the top to the bottom of the water column

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the

Saffir-Simpson Scale

water is a polar molecule

TRUE

With respect to incoming solar radiation, it emitted back into the atmosphere has

a longer wavelength

intertropical convergence zone

area where air falls close to the equator

An internal wave might form

at a density boundary within the ocean

winds blowing from the north to the southern hemi will appear to

be deflected toward the east

Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for an eastern boundary current

broad and slow

low pressure systems in the N hemi rotate

counterclockwise

Thermohaline circulation is driven by

density

internal wave

density

Wavelength/2

depth of the circular motion of water molecules

Wave Height

diameter of orbital wave

Capillary and gravity waves are named for the

dominant restoring force

geostrophic flow

driven by gravity and modified by the coriolis force

The el nino weather pattern is associated with

drought and fires in Australia

The worldwide effect of El Nino include all of the following except

drought in the US gulf coastal states

Colder air moving over warmer ocean surgace water may produce

sea smoke

which of the following from earliest to latest represents the typical wave formation

sea, swell, surf

tsunami is considered to be a

shallow water wave

covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the

sharing of electrons between atoms

constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces

smaller waves

sublimination

solid to gas

The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the

sonar channel

If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for

spilling breakers

A wave will break when

steepness=1:7

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is

sverdrup

waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out be wavelength are called

swell

gravity wave

tectonic activity

tsunami

tectonic activity

a tsunami may result from

tectonic activity on the seafloor

the phase in which water exists water is determined by

temperature and pressure