Oceanography Study Guide Ch 4

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? A) Diatoms B) Foraminiferans C) Radiolarians D) Phosphorites

foraminiferans

Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called

lithogenous

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by ________. A) a glacier B) a river delta C) organisms D) a volcanic eruption E) the wind

a glacier

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) biogenous C) hydrogenous D) terrigenous

biogenous

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure. A) colder; higher B) colder; lower C) warmer; higher D) warmer; lower

colder; higher

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) biogenous C) hydrogenous D) lithogenous

cosmogenous

The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. A) destruction B) dilution C) ecology D) erosion

destruction

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Beach sand B) Diatom ooze C) Glacial deposits D) Clays

diatom ooze

The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment. A) destruction B) dilution C) ecology D) erosion

dilution

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ________. A) cosmogenous B) biogenous C) hydrogenous D) lithogenous E) volcanogenic

hydrogenous

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? A) Clay-sized particles B) Cosmogenous sediments C) Large particles such as gravel D) Silt-sized particles

large particles such as gravel

Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ________. A) less than 30% biogenous material B) more than 30% biogenous material C) more than 30% hydrogenous material D) less than 30% neritic material

less than 30% biogenous material

Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment

lithogenous

Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment

lithogenous

Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment

lithogenous

Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? A) Biogenous Sediment B) Cosmogenous Sediment C) Hydrogenous Sediment D) Lithogenous Sediment

lithogenous

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? A) Low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures B) Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures C) Lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures D) Low pressure and warmer temperatures

lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures

What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? A) Less than twenty percent B) Twenty to thirty percent C) Thirty to forty percent D) Forty to fifty percent E) More than fifty percent

more than fifty percent

Sediments found on continental margins are called ________. A) continental B) estuarine C) neritic D) pelagic

neritic

The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is ________. A) abyssal clay deposits B) manganese nodule deposits C) neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits D) neritic siliceous sediment deposits

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

The study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called ________. A) biogeochemistry B) climatology C) historical oceanography D) paleoceanography

paleoceanography

The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________. A) destruction B) dilution C) productivity D) erosion

productivity

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)? A) Coccolithophores B) Radiolarians C) Foraminiferans D) Phosphorites

radiolarians

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? A) Evaporites B) Halites C) Manganese nodule D) Phosphates E) Stromatolites

stromatolites

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? A) Grain lithification B) Paleooceanography C) Porosity reduction D) Suspension settling

suspension settling

The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is ________. A) angularity B) composition C) fabric D) texture

texture