Oceanography Test 2

sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called ____

Biogenous

The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the _____ of biogenous sediment

Destruction

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

Diatom ooze

Which of the following best describes hydrogen bonding?

Electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules

A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?

Equatorial (0-5 degrees)

What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitude of 120 degrees west?

Greater than 80% weight

A layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a _____

Halocline

They type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is _____

Neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:

Sea breeze

Which of the following best defines temperature?

The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules

Which of the following best describes latent heat?

The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place

Which of the following statements about the movement of Earth's atmosphere is correct?

The movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the wind belts

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by _____

a glacier

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

higher salinity

Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ____

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

the vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the ____

thermocline

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:

to the right of their original direction

Low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the ________.

trade winds

The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to _____

Storm Surge

Which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?

Storm surge

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:

be deflected toward the east

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by _____

temperature

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are ______

temperature and water vapor content

The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is _____

texture

Which of the following best defines melting point?

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface

A column of cool, dense air

Which of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface

A column of warm, less dense air

Of all the following process which one increases the salinity of water?

Evaporation

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

High heat capacity

Which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: latitude: 60oN Longitude 20oW

High surface seawater salinity due to evaporation

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is _____

Higher than other liquids

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called _____.

Hydrogenous

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called ______

Hydrogenous

Pelgaic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are ____

Less than 30% biogenous material

What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitude of 160 degrees west?

Less than 50% by weight

A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the _______ of the atmosphere

Pressure

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

Radiolarians

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

Suspension settling

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of ______

The polarity of water molecules

The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere?

Winter

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a _____

change in state

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is:

greater

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans and the continents is known as the _____

hydrologic cycle

The strength of a hurricane stems from water's:

latent heat of condensation

Sediments found on continental margins are called ______

neritic

The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called _____

productivity

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the ______

pycnocline

Which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

stromatolites

The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:

summer solstice

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:

23.5°

Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes?

25 degrees

The average salinity of typical seawater is ____

3.5%

The major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions?

30 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the United States occurs in which of the following regions?

30-60 degrees

A boundary or belt characterized by cold deserts occurs in which of the following regions?

60- 90 degrees

Which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the boiling point?

Condensation point

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the _____

Coriolis effect

The Doldrums occur in which of the following regions?

Equatorial (0-5 degrees)

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Foraminiferans

What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 20 degrees south and a longitude of 20 degrees west?

Greater than 80% by weight

The density curve for high latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________ density at depth.

Increased, Increased

The salinity curve for low latitudes shows _____ salinity at the surface and ____ salinity at depth

Increased, decreased

The doldrums refer to the same region as the ____

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

Large particles such as gravel

Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous sediment

Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous sediment

Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?

Lithogenous sediment

Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous sediment

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures

What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?

More than fifty percent

Which of the following best describes heat?

The energy transfer from one body to another due to differences in temperature

The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is ____

Tropical

The Coriolis effect is due to changes in the _____ of Earth with latitude

Velocity

Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density?

Warm moist air

The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ____ air moving _____.

Warm moist; upward

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ____ in temperature and ____ in pressure.

colder; higher

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called _____

cosmogenous

Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:

counterclockwise

in the troposphere, air temperatures

decrease with increasing altitude

As the salinity of seawater increases its _____

density increases

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land

The deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ______ of biogenous sediment

dilution

In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.

in the afternoon; at night

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water ______

is a polar molecule

The surface tension of water ______

is relatively high

The study of how the ocean, atmosphere and land have interacted in the pact to produce changes in ocean chemistry circulation, biology ad climate is called _____

paleoceanography