Practice Exam 1
How many bones are in the human body ?
200
Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat - soluble ?
A , D , E , and K
Which federal law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities ?
ADA
According to the sliding filament theory which filaments are the ones that slide pulling the Z lines ?
Actin
is calculated by dividing weigh in kg . by height in meters squared
BMI
You find out that your client has been consuming large amounts of food followed by purging . This is known as :
Bulimia Nervosa
Which term refers to the ability to control the forces across the spine and pelvic girdle while protecting the integrity of the spinal structures ?
Core stability
Muscular strength typically __________ with age
Decreases
The ligaments ability to lengthen passively is referred to as
Elasticity
The end of a long bone is referred to as the
Epiphysis
Restrictive lung diseases increase lung volumes and lung expansion
False
Sharing a client's personal health information is a violation of the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
is used to identify medical conditions and health behaviors
Health Status Questionnaire
What is the leading cause of death in the USA ?
Heart disease
Which of the following is a potential problem of exercising during pregnancy ?
Heat dissipation
Which heat related illness can cause organ system failure and is the most serious form of heat - related illness ?
Heat stroke
Muscle tension increase as a result of
Increased stimulation of motor units and increased rate of stimulation of motor units
Which of the following refers to a part of the body that allows for flexibility and acts as a shock absorber ?
Intervertebral discs
The anaerobic energy system :
Is used to produce energy for short - term and high intensity activities and requires no oxygen
During an __________ action the muscle length remains the same
Isometric
Which types of exercises elicit high blood pressure responses in the body ?
Isometric and heavy resistance exercises
You have your client sign an informed consent before working out . However , for a contract to be valid and legally enforceable it must meet four different elements . Which element states , " The purpose of the contract must be to accomplish a goal that is not against public policy " ?
Legality
The results of your clients fitness tests should be compared with
Normative data based on clients age and gender
Your client believes in a false theory known as spot reduction . You know this because she :
Only exercises her inner thighs hoping to lose fat faster there than the rest of her body
is a participant's own assessment of how hard they are working
Perceived exertion
The body requires a certain amount of fat to
Protect vital organs & Regulate body temperature & Distribute vitamins
Glucose is a
Simple sugar
Your client displays the ability to maintain a balanced position after a disruption of their equilibrium . This is called :
Stability
Which term refers to the energy needed to digest , absorb , transport and store food that is eaten ?
Thermic effect
Type IIa muscle fibers are fast and produce large amounts of force for a long period of time
True
Type IIx muscle fibers contract quickly and produce great force
True
VO₂ max decreases with age
True
Women typically have lower VO , max levels then men
True
Displacing the center of mass is on way to work on balance . According to the progression of difficulty which one would you start with when working with an older client ?
Turn in a circle
What principle of training states that to enhance muscular performance , the body must exercise at a level beyond that to which it is normally stressed ?
Overload principle
The volume of oxygen inhaled minus the amount exhaled is called_
Oxygen consumption
You are establishing a strength training routine for your new client according to the ACSM / AHA guidelines . What would you recommend ?
Participate in resistance training activities at least two non - consecutive days per week
You assist your client in a hamstring stretch by gently pressing the leg into a stretch , as your client is totally relaxed . What type of stretching is this called ?
Passive
What is considered the foundation for the spine ?
Pelvis
Emergency policies for a health facility should include the following
Periodic training of all personnel on common emergency procedures, An emergency plan that includes access to early care and 911, Posting the emergency plan in a visible area near a telephone
Which of the following refers to systematic variation in a resistance - training program ?
Periodization
refers to the systematic variation in a resistance training program
Periodization
_covers bone everywhere except where there's articular cartilage
Periosteum
Who does the burden of proof fall on in a civil law suit ?
Plaintiff
Which type of exercise should people diagnosed with osteoporosis avoid ?
Plyometrics
You have your client do a set of chest presses to volitional fatigue and then immediately have them do a set of flys . This type of resistance training system is known as
Preexhaustion system
Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model has the individual intending to take action with in the next month and trying to determine what to do next ?
Preparation
Which is the most common defense used by defendants in negligence case ?
Primary assumption of risk
Which principle states that to make continual gains in muscular fitness , resistance training must be performed regularly ?
Principle of regularity
Your client has stopped training and their muscular strength has regressed towards their pre exercise levels . Which principle does this refer to ?
Principle of reversibility
According to the PRICE principle the " P " in PRICE stands for what ?
Protection
The HIPPA act of 1996 allows for which of the following ?
Protection of clients ' privacy and rights
Which macronutrient is composed of carbon , hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen ?
Protein
Amino acids combine to form
Proteins
ACSM / AHA recommends preactivity screening of participants prior to exercise because it
Provides a forum for building rapport and trust
Your client is performing a standing hamstring curl . Which muscle is the antagonist ?
Quadriceps
Your client is a high school athlete on the basketball team . You decide to take him through a plyometric workout . What would this entail ?
Quick powerful movements that involve rapid stretching of a muscle followed by rapid shortening
Your client is a 49 - year - old female who quit smoking 5 months ago and has a waist measurement of 30 inches . Which factor puts her at risk for cardiovascular disease ?
Quit smoking 5 months ago
Which statement is true of resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) ?
RMR is proportional to body size
Which of the following is true regarding phosphocreatine ?
Reacts with ADP to form ATP
Which characteristic of effective goal writing states , " Goals should be practical and achievable " ?
Reasonable
The stimulation of a muscle unit is referred to as
Recruitment
Which of the following terms refers to stimulation of one or more motor units to produce movement ?
Recruitment
In the Transtheoretical Model what is considered a crucial element during the action phase ?
Reinforcement
Which of the following is a method used to identify and deal with high - risk situations ?
Relapse prevention
The degree of effort required to expend energy and is influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) or maximal aerobic power is :
Relative intensity
occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ATP binds to the cross bridge
Relaxation
Your potential client has indicated they are current regular exercisers and have signs indicative of renal disease . What is the next step ?
Require medical clearance assessments
The number of calories expended to maintain the body during resting conditions is known as :
Resting metabolic rate
Which term refers to a proactive administrative process to minimize liability losses ?
Risk management
Which term refers to loss of muscle mass often associated with aging ?
Sacropenia
Which of the following refers to the fundamental units of muscle contraction ?
Sarcomere
is the fundamental unit of muscle contraction
Sarcomere
This type of fat comes primarily from animal sources
Saturated fat
Which term refers to practicing within your boundaries of training , education and certifications ?
Scope of practice
The synovial membrane
Secretes fluid into the joint cavity to lubricate the joint
The confidence in one's ability to engage in a positive behavior is
Self - efficacy
Creating mastery experiences and providing positive feedback are strategies for enhancing
Self efficacy
The confidence in one's ability to engage in a positive behavior or abstain from an undesired behavior is
Self efficacy
One of the top reasons for stopping an exercise program is lack of time . Which of the following is an important strategy for understanding and overcoming this excuse ?
Self monitoring
MR . PLEASE is an acronym used for the recommended health risk appraisal categories . The " S " in the acronym is when the personal fitness trainer :
Sets up an exercise prescription
Which term refers to how much of an effect results from a change in dose ?
Slope
Type I fibers are :
Slow and resist fatigue
Your client is a runner and you have decided to have her perform leg exercises to improve her running speed and endurance . This is an example of which principle ?
Specificity
An injury caused by overstretching or tearing of tissue
Sprain
Your client is asked to get in the anatomical position for an exercise . Which of the following is correct ?
Stand with arms at sides and palms facing forward
Your client is a 72 - year - old female . One of her goals is to increase her flexibility . Which type of stretch is preferred when designing a flexibility program for older adults ?
Static
Your client has torn a tendon . What is this known as ?
Strain
Low back pain in the youth population is most often caused by
Stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
Which of the following refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat ?
Stroke volume
How is the percentage of heart rate reserve ( HRR ) calculated ?
Subtract resting HR from maximal HR
Which term refers to immovable joints ?
Synarthrodial
tends to increase during a graded exercise test
Systolic blood pressure
Your client has a goal of losing weight . What should your recommendation be ?
Target a loss of 1-2 lbs . per week and limit fat intake to less than 30 % of total calories
Your client has inflammation of their Achilles tendon caused by repetitive tensile forces . What do they have ?
Tendinitis
Which term refers to a band of tough inelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone ?
Tendon
is the passive part of the muscle made of elastic connective tissue
Tendon
The rotational inertia of body segments before or during movement depends
The mass of the segments and the distribution of the mass around the joints
Your client is travelling and has to spend 2 weeks training in a high altitude location . In order for them to stay within their THR range what is your recommendation ?
They decrease the intensity of their exercise
Your client answers " Yes " to one of the seven questions on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone . What is the next step ?
They must complete 10 additional questions
The effect produced when a force causes rotation is
Torque
Which type of law can be classified into three levels of fault : intentional , negligence and strict liability ?
Tort law
An emergency action plan ( EAP ) consists of which three components ?
Trained EAP personnel , communication plan , access to emergency equipment
The intake of which type of fatty acid should be as low as possible due to their link with negative health outcomes ?
Trans fat
Your exercise prescription for your client involves oblique twists . Which anatomical plane do these occur in ?
Transverse
Which term refers to the primary storage form of fat in the body ?
Triglycerides
A high intake of saturated fat is directly related to cardiovascular disease
True
ACSM guidelines suggest that the healthy general population participate in resistance training 2-3 non - consecutive days per week
True
Abdominal curl - up or crunch should begin with a backward pelvic tilt
True
After 10-20 minutes of exercise , heat loss equals heat production and the body's core temperature remains steady
True
After a participant's health status has been determined but before fitness tests are administered , participants must be furnished with informed consent
True
Carbohydrate loading increases glycogen storage and can enhance performance in activities lasting longer than one hour
True
Children should accumulate at least 60 minutes of activity each day
True
Complex carbohydrates are more nutrient dense than simple carbohydrates
True
Daily moderate - intensity exercise can improve cholesterol levels
True
Daily moderate - intensity exercise reduces the risk of CHD
True
Diastolic blood pressure tends to remain the same or decrease during a graded exercise test
True
Endurance training decreases the production of lactic acid
True
Evaporation is the primary mechanism for heat loss during exercise
True
Fast glycolic ( type IIx ) fibers produce great amounts of force , but fatigue relatively quickly
True
Fighting disease is one of the functions of proteins
True
Flexion and extension are the major movements of the knee
True
Glycolysis provides a short - term source of energy
True
Gravity can both cause and resist joint movement
True
Heat causes vasodilation of blood vessels and reduces muscle spasms
True
Heavy resistance exercise elicits a high blood pressure response
True
Higher levels of HDL are associated with decreased risk of CAD
True
Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below 95 °
True
If a participant answers " yes " to any of the 7 questions on the PAR - Q , he or she should contact a physician before starting an exercise program
True
Individuals who are training intensely may have greater protein requirements than the general public
True
Individuals with diagnosed heart disease should obtain physician consent before beginning an exercise program regardless of the exercise intensity
True
Isometric exercises typically cause an increase in blood pressure
True
Muscle soreness tends to peak 24-48 hours following exercise
True
Overreaching is the first stage of overtraining syndrome
True
Oxygen costs increases faster at higher walking speeds than low to moderate walking speeds
True
Principle of regularity states that long term gains in muscle strength requires training performed on a regular basis
True
Reduce intensity and increase hydration when exercising in increased temperature or altitude
True
Scoliosis is the extreme lateral curvature of the spine
True
Small increases in physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in sedentary individuals
True
Social reinforcement is crucial in the action stage of behavior change
True
Social support is a good predictor of exercise compliance
True
Stroke volume is the major variable influencing maximum cardiac output in the general population
True
Tangible rewards are effective to motivate new participants in the early stages of a program
True
Target heart rate is an effective guideline for determining intensity
True
Target heart rate serves as an effective guideline for determining appropriate exercise intensity
True
Tarsals and carpals are short bones
True
The Periosteum covers the bone everywhere except where articular cartilage is present
True
The distribution of slow vs. fast muscle fibers is determined primarily by genetics
True
The order of recruitment of muscle fibers if from most to least oxidative
True
The oxygen cost of bench stepping considers the energy used when stepping up and stepping down
True
To maintain stability against an upsetting force , shift weight towards the force
True
Torque is produced when a force causes rotation
True
Water is considered an essential nutrient
True
When exercising in high altitudes , participants should decrease their intensity stay within their target heart rate
True
With all other factors being equal , a heavy person has greater stability than a lighter person
True
Aerobic versus anaerobic relates to which part of the FITT principle ?
Type
While there are many benefits of physical activity there is also a potential for adverse outcomes as well . Your client participates in a contact sport . This falls into which category of risk ?
Type of activity
The greatest amount of oxygen the body can take in and utilize during exercise is
VO2 max
Oxygen consumption ( VO2 ) during exercise is measured by which of the following equations ?
VO₂ = volume O₂ inhaled - volume O2 exhaled
Your client is in her second trimester of pregnancy . Which of the following do you recommend she avoid ?
Valsalva maneuver
are organic substances essential to the normal functioning of the body
Vitamins
In order to avoid orthopedic injuries with your obese client you recommend which of the following ?
Water aerobics
Your client has been classified as obese . One of the safety issues that you need to address is thermoregulation . What would your recommendation be ?
Work out during the cooler times of the day
Hypertension is characterized by a systolic blood pressure reading
≥ 140mm Hg
Which of the following is not one of the general training principles ?
(Progression, Overload, Specificity )None of the above
Which of the following is a healthy weight loss goal for clients who are overweight and obese ?
0.5-1.0 kg per week
VO2 Max decreases at a rate of how much per year in healthy men and women after the age of 20 ?
1 %
Your client is an endurance athlete how much protein intake should you suggest ?
1.2-1.4g per kg of body weight
What percentage of adolescent girls achieve the recommended levels for calcium intake ?
10 %
What range of RPE values ( using a scale of 6 to 20 ) is recommended in a training program to achieve cardiorespiratory fitness goals ?
12 to 16
Your client is past the acute phase of a cardiac rehabilitation program . What is their recommended rate of perceived exertion on a 20 - point scale when performing aerobic exercise ?
12-16
Delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) typically begins to develop within how many hours ?
12-24 hours after exercising
After age 50 strength decreases __________ per decade
15 %
Which RM load has the greatest effect on developing local muscular endurance ?
15-20
What percentage of American children are obese ?
17.3 %
ACSM recommends that individuals obtain physician consent before starting an exercise program if they have __________ or more primary risk factors for CHD
2
ACSM guidelines suggest that the healthy general population participate in resistance training
2-3 non - consecutive days per week
To gain weight increase caloric intake by
200 1,000 kcal day - 1
Essential fat levels are estimated to be __________ and ___________ for men and women respectively
3 % to 5 % ; 8 % to 12 %
What recommendation would you give your client who is in cardiac rehab phases II and III on the frequency of aerobic exercise they should be doing ?
3-5 days per week
How long can phosphocreatine last for during all out activity ?
3-5 seconds
According to current ACSM / AHA physical activity guidelines when designing a program for your client you should encourage them to perform
30 minutes of moderate - intensity activity 5 days per week
What is the percentage of adults classified as obese in the U.S. ?
34.9 %
When discussing macronutrients with your client what percentage should you suggest for carbohydrate intake ?
45-65 %
To lose weight the ACSM recommends that you exercise __________ days / week
5 to 7
What does a general warm up include ?
5-10 minutes of moderate to high intensity aerobic activities
Muscle mass and strength are relatively stable until what age ?
50
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Coronary heart disease accounts for what percentage of these deaths ?
51 %
How many grams of carbohydrates should an athlete who trains heavily consume ?
6-10g per kilogram of body weight
Water makes up what percentage of body weight ?
60 %
Health , fitness , and performance are three distinct goals with separate activity recommendations . You are establishing goals for your client who falls into the performance category . How many days a week should they train ?
7
Acclimation to heat is called adaptation , and takes
7-12 days
Your client is a 46 - year - old typical healthy male . What is the optimal intensity threshold ?
75 % -90 % of HRMax
You are designing a strength - training workout for your client . How many exercises for the major muscle groups does ASCM / AHA recommend ?
8-10 exercises for the major muscle groups
ACSM / AHA recommends how many repetitions to maximize strength development when using resistance ?
8-12 repetitions
Studies show that resistance training can increase both muscle mass and strength in older adults . What is the percentage of 1RM that should be used ?
80 %
How many Americans are estimated to have hypertension ?
80 million
To avoid straining the knee ligaments what is the maximum squat depth that is recommended ?
90⁰
Which of the following are generally accepted guidelines for classifying obesity using % body fat ?
> 38 % for women and > 25 % for men
Exercising for 7-14 days in the heat to increase the capacity to sweat is known as :
Acclimatization
Your client is experiencing a seizure what is the first thing you need to do ?
Activate EMS
Cells use which of the following as the primary energy source for biological work ?
Adenosine triphosphate
Identifying and eliminating barriers to participation is an effective strategy for increasing
Adherence
combine to form proteins
Amino acids
Lactate threshold is also referred to as:
Anaerobic threshold
Your client has broken a short bone . Which bone have they broken ?
Ankle
Abduction and adduction occur around which axis ?
Anteroposterior
According to the PRICE concept , after protecting and resting a soft tissue injury , you should
Apply ice
_covers the surfaces of bone and helps absorb shock
Articular cartilage
The first step in evaluating health status using MR . PLEASE is to determine if the individual is currently participating in regular exercise . What constitutes regular exercise ?
At least 30 minutes a day for 3 or more days a week
Your client is a competitive athlete . What is your recommendation for hydration prior to competition ?
At least 4 hours
Which term refers to the thickening of the artery wall that blocks blood flow to a certain region of the body ?
Atherosclerosis
Your client had to stop their weight training routine due to an injury During that time his muscles decreased in size . What is this known as ?
Atrophy
The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the entire long bone . It serves as
Attachment for muscles
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ?
BMI > 30
Hypertension is defined as which of the following ?
BP of 140/90 or higher
This type of stretching involves using velocity and a fast bouncy movement to stretch the muscle
Ballistic
Which of the following recommendations is ( are ) appropriate for seniors over the age of who want to begin a resistance training program ?
Begin with 1 set of 10 to 15 repetitions on each exercise, Perform exercises within a pain - free range of motion & Allow time to adjust to postural changes between exercises
The spine is particularly vulnerable at what time of day ?
Beginning of the day
During the initial consultation with a client you discover they regularly smoke . This type of risk factor falls into which category ?
Behavioral
You are helping your client write out their fitness goals . You suggest they aim for actions rather than outcomes . Which characteristic is this referring to ?
Behavioral
Which strategy involves a written , signed , public agreement to engage in specific goal - directed behaviors ?
Behavioral contract
Which medication is known to influence submaximal and maximal HR and have a profound effect on exercise prescription ?
Beta blockers
A variety of physiological responses occur when an individual begins an exercise program Which two physiological responses are most immediate ?
Blood pressure and insulin sensitivity
Ligaments basically attach
Bone to bone
are sacs of synovial fluid that lie between muscle tendons and bones
Bursae
Which of the following are considered to be the primary fuels for exercise ?
Carbohydrate and fat
Which term refers to athletes maximizing glycogen storage before a competition ?
Carbohydrate loading
What does the body use calcium for ?
Cardiac and skeletal muscle function
The plaintiff in a negligence lawsuit has to prove four separate elements . Which element does the plaintiff have to prove that breach of duty was the cause of harm ?
Causation
You are training your client outside and are monitoring their fluid loss . You see that they have a water loss of 3-5 % . Which of the following is this considered ?
Cause for concern
Which training system has the client performing a series of different exercises with little rest between each exercise performed ?
Circuit training
Interference with the blood supply to the legs , often resulting in limping is known as
Claudication
Behavioral contracts should include __________ deadlines and goals
Clear & Realistic
Which motivational strategy helps your clients reframe negative statements into positive statements ?
Cognitive restructuring
External exposure of bone is likely due to a :
Compound fracture
The action that requires the muscles to overcome the force of gravity is :
Concentric
Your client is frustrated with working out and is having difficulty expressing why You help the client to be more specific about their feelings and goals . Which characteristic of an effective helper does this represent ?
Concreteness
The body loses heat by four different processes . Which of the following term refers to the process where a person sits on a cold marble bench and loses body heat ?
Conduction
Which stage does the personal trainer market the benefits of exercise and is a positive role model ?
Contemplation
are characterized by bleeding into the underlying tissue
Contusions
Muscles use __________for immediate short - term energy
Creatine phosphate
The gradual accumulation of fat is known as :
Creeping obesity
After 20 weeks of regular vigorous physical activity at the ACSM - recommended levels , the resting heart rate in normal sedentary person will
Decrease
Which of the following signs is ( are ) associated with overtraining ?
Decreased body weight, Loss of appetite & Muscle tenderness
Which cold related problem is characterized by freezing of deep tissue including muscle and bone ?
Deep frostbite
What is the shaft of a bone known as ?
Diaphysis
In terms of a squat , the eccentric movement occurs in which phase of the squat motion ?
Downward phase
ACSM recommends which of the following as approach to exercise for weight loss ?
Duration : 30-60 min / day
When designing an exercise prescription for an older adult client what should be recommended if they are extremely deconditioned ?
Duration should be divided into 5-10 min segments
In the four elements to proving negligence which element states the defendant owed a standard of care to the plaintiff ?
Duty
Your client is performing a triceps kickback with free weights . What type of resistance training are they using ?
Dynamic constant external resistance
You are creating a stretching routine for your 15 year old client who plays lacrosse . According to the ASCM guidelines what should you recommend ?
Each stretch should be performed for a total of 60 seconds
action decelerates movement
Eccentric
Which qualifications should be specified for a staff position in a fitness facility ?
Education, Required certifications & Professional experience
An isometric action produces a torque that is __________ the opposing torque
Equal to
Which type of energy does not exist in biological systems ?
Ergonomic energy
Which term is used in nutrition to indicate that the nutrient cannot be manufactured by the body and must be ingested daily ?
Essential
Which is the primary heat loss mechanism during exercise ?
Evaporation
Which of the following is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle degeneration and muscle enzyme leakage ?
Exertional rhabdomyolysis
The return from flexion is
Extension
Which of the following refers to the junction of the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae ?
Facet joint
120 minutes daily of moderate intensity physical activity is required to achieve health goals
False
30 minutes / week of low intensity physical activity will achieve fitness goals
False
A client suffering from plantar fascilitis will have discomfort in the neck
False
A sense of accomplishment and efficacy are examples of extrinsic rewards
False
A wide base of support typically decreases stability
False
ACSM recommends that obese individuals create a daily caloric deficit of at least 1,500 calories
False
Abduction is an anterior or posterior movement that brings two bones together
False
According to recommended macronutrient distributions , 15-25 % of total calories should come from carbohydrates
False
Amphiarthrodial joints allow a greater range of movement than synovial
False
An injury to the joint typically decreases the secretion of synovial fluid
False
An isometric movement occurs when resistance is low and requires a burst of concentric actions to initiate the movement
False
Both men and women experience an increase in VO₂ max as they age
False
Carbohydrate loading reduces glycogen storage and inhibits performance activities lasting longer than one hour
False
Cardiac output decreases linearly with work rate
False
Cartilation is the process whereby cartilage is replaced by bone
False
Cells use creatine phosphate as a long term energy source
False
Chemical energy does not exist in biological systems
False
During plantar flexion the toes are flexing back
False
During the pre - contemplative stage of behavioral change the individual has begun thinking about making a change ( starting an exercise program ) , but is not prepared to take action
False
Endurance training decreases the size of the ventricle
False
Endurance training effects transfer when untrained muscles are used to perform the work
False
Endurance training reduces stroke volume at rest
False
Fast glycolic type IIx fibers produce small amounts of force
False
Fats yield about 6 % more energy than carbohydrates
False
Fitness tests do not need to be repeated after the initial assessment
False
Flexibility is genetically pre - determined and cannot be change
False
Foods with a high glycemic index cause a rapid decrease in blood glucose
False
Health appraisal and screening should be performed prior to receiving informed consent from the client
False
High intensity exercise once daily is recommended for the general public
False
Hypertension is the continuing of extension past the anatomical position
False
If your client is pregnant , they should perform exercises in the supine position after the first trimester
False
Individuals in the high risk category can begin vigorous exercise without physician's consent
False
Intertrigo is a drop in body temperature to below 95 degrees Fahrenheit
False
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the Unites States
False
Mechanical energy does not exist in biological systems
False
Most movements during physical activity occur at amphiarthrodial joints
False
Most of the long bones do not ossify completely until age 30.
False
Movement at a hinge joint is less restricted than movement at a ball and socket joint
False
Muscles use creatine phosphate for energy after other sources are depleted
False
Muscular strength is best assessed by using resistance that requires minimum or very little tension with high repetitions
False
Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to make repeated contractions or to resist muscular fatigue
False
Older adults typically experience increased body fat because they ingest more calories
False
Ossification is the loss in bone mineral density or bone mass
False
Pregnant woman should not exercise at all during pregnancy
False
Pregnant woman should not participate in any strength training activity
False
Protein contributes approximately 75 % to total energy production during exercise
False
Providing tangible and intangible rewards for exercise adherence are examples of assessment strategies
False
Recommended body fat percentages are the same for men and women
False
Resistance exercise should be avoided by clients who are obese because of the potential to increase muscle mass
False
Short bones have greater movement potential than long bones
False
The ankle joint is able to perform flexion , extension , hyperextension , abduction and adduction movements
False
The cranial skull is a diarthrodial joint
False
The optimal frequency in training based on improved CRF with low risk of injury is 1-2 times per week
False
The optimal training intensity for the average person is 40 % of their max
False
The same 1-2 minute rest interval should be used for all exercises
False
The straightening of one's normal lumbar lordotic curve is primarily caused by an increase in movement
False
Vitamins A , D , E , and K are water - soluble , not stored in the body and must be replaced daily
False
When a muscle develops tension it tends to lengthen towards the middle
False
When doing the sit and reach test the length of the reach is most important
False
When exercising in high altitudes , participants should increase their intensity to stay within their target heart rate
False
When lifting , the pelvis should be tilted forward while keeping the abdominal muscles activated
False
When the body begins to work , the volume of oxygen missing is referred to as VO2 max
False
When the body begins to work the volume of oxygen missing is referred to as VO₂ max
False
Which macronutrient contributes to the formation of cell membranes ?
Fat
Which client can begin fitness testing and participate in regular activity without their physician's consent ?
Female over 50 years of age and Male with total cholesterol below 200
Your client is performing a bicep curl . What joint movement are they performing ?
Flexion
Which of the following is a successful strategy for weight loss ?
Food logs
Which mode of resistance training provides more options for training through multiple planes of motion ?
Free weights
When discussing the FITT principle , how often an activity is done refers to :
Frequency
Fitness programming that uses a variety of exercises to simulate routine tasks refers to
Functional fitness
is a test used to measure cardiovascular fitness
GXT
Evaporation is the process in which liquid water is converted to
Gas
The distribution of muscle fibers is determined primarily by
Genetics
Which type of joint has minimal sliding movement between the bones ?
Gliding
provides enough energy to work hard for a short amount of time
Glycolysis
Which type of fault is characterized by a fitness professional not taking any precautions to warn clients about a broken piece of equipment ?
Gross negligence
The Tanaka formula for maximal heart rate ( MHR ) is :
HR 208- ( 0.7 x age )
Muscular strength and endurance , CRF , flexibility and body composition refers to
Health related fitness
p . 447 What factors should you consider before deciding if a client requires a physician consent or referral to a clinic - based supervised exercise program ?
Health status & Fitness test results & Desired level of physical activity
What is the most common site for osteoporotic fractures ?
Hip , vertebrae , and wrist
The __________ joint has a ball and socket structure
Hip and Shoulder
The Thomas Test is one of the tests used to measure tightness in the
Hip flexors
The most common type of cardiovascular diseases is
Hypertension
is an increase in size or mass of muscle
Hypertrophy
Your client has a goal of gaining weight . What is your recommendation ?
Increase caloric intake by 200-1000 kcal / day
Your client has diabetes and you are aware that exercise has the potential to lower blood glucose levels . In order to counterbalance this you suggest to your client which of the following ?
Increase in food intake or a decrease in insulin dosage
Your client spends many hours at a desk working on their computer each day . They are at risk for :
Increase in thoracic kyphosis and a decrease in the lumbar curve
What can the rate of perceived exertion ( RPE ) can be as ?
Indicator of intensity
Your potential client refuses to fill out the PAR - Q + or the HSQ . What is your next course of action ?
Inform them of the benefits of screening
Which document details the potential risks associated with exercise ?
Informed consent form
Which common cause of injury is defined as something that simply happens as a result of participation - no one is at fault ?
Inherent risk
Which of the following is true regarding systolic blood pressure ?
Initially goes up during endurance exercise but can have an effect of decreasing over time
Target heart rate relates to which part of the FITT principle ?
Intensity
ACSM recommends which of the following when working with children and adolescents to aid in increased bone density ?
Intensity : high - loading forces in jumping
Which term refers to the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis toward the midline of the body in the anatomical position ?
Internal rotation
The joint movement that requires the client to lift the inner edge of their foot with their big toe elevated is known as
Inversion
Which mineral if under consumed can lead to anemia ?
Iron
Which of the following characterizes a functional curve ?
It's ability to be removed
Which wound is characterized by an open wound with jagged edges and exposure of underlying tissues ?
Laceration
The point during a GXT at which the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases is know as
Lactate threshold
You are designing a workout for your client . According to the resistance training guidelines what would the correct order of exercises be ?
Leg press before leg curl
When discussing the dietary guidelines with your clients what should you recommend in terms of sodium intake per day ?
Less than 2300 mg per day
The long bones found in the limbs and digits primarily serve as
Levers
Your client notices that after working out with you their gains are made continuously over time . This is known as a / an :
Linear response
Which group of drugs is known to cause a significant degree of muscle problems ?
Lipid lowering
The __________ found in the limbs and digits primarily serve as levers
Long bones
The axis that is perpendicular to the transverse plane is the
Longitudinal
Tightness in the hip flexors can increase the :
Lordotic curve
After a 10 - week endurance training program , the heart rate response to a fixed sub max exercise test is __________ compared to before the training program
Lower
Which is NOT proper execution of movement when jogging ?
Lower trunk rotates
Your client has successfully adhered to their workout program for 7 months . They are in which stage ?
Maintenance
When determining your clients target heart rate . Which is considered the most direct method ?
Maximal GXT method
Which of the following is true about a high carbohydrate diet ?
Maximizes muscle glycogen and extends the time to exhaustion
Which statement should is true about training children ?
May help reduce the risk of sports related injury
The first step in evaluating an exercise participant's health status is
Medical history review
The most rapid loss of bone mineral density occurs in women during
Menopause
Endurance training increases the __________ in the muscles
Mitochondria
According to the Risk Factor Stratification an asymptomatic female with > 2 risk factors falls into which category ?
Moderate risk
Carbohydrates can be divided into which three categories ?
Monosaccharides , disaccharides and polysaccharides
consists of a single motor neuron and its branches and al muscle fibers innervated by that neuron
Motor unit
is the maximal force that a muscle can generate at a given velocity
Muscular strength
Which term refers to a lack of blood flow to the heart tissue ?
Myocardial ischemia
There are three situational factors that determine professional standard of care . They are :
Nature of the activity type of participants and environmental conditions
Which term refers to when less energy is consumed than expended ?
Negative calorie balance
Upon reviewing your potential clients health history you find that he has been taking medicine for high cholesterol but did not indicate he had high cholesterol He states because of the medication he does not have high cholesterol . What is the next step ?
Note that he has a risk factor of high cholesterol
The most at risk for osteoporosis is :
Older women of Caucasian and Asian descent
Research has found that __________fats may have positive health benefits
Omega - 3
The replacement of cartilage by bones which occurs during growth and maturation is
Ossification
is the process where cartilage is replaced by bone
Ossification
A degenerative joint disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and a decrease in the strength of the remaining bone is known as
Osteoarthritis
is a degenerative joint disease associated with damage to the articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Amenorrhea , disordered eating and __________ are components of the female athlete triad
Osteoporosis
Which term refers to a disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and à decrease in the strength of the remaining bone ?
Osteoporosis
Your client is a 34 - year - old female . She has been working with you for over a year and swims competitively . You suspect she may be suffering from the female athlete triad . What does this consist of ?
Osteoporosis , disordered eating and amenorrhea
Goal - setting directs activity and emphasizes a link between behavior and
Outcome
Excessive frequency , volume , or intensity coupled with inadequate rest and recovery are characteristics of which of the following ?
Over training
