Practice Exam 1

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How many bones are in the human body ?

200

Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat - soluble ?

A , D , E , and K

Which federal law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities ?

ADA

According to the sliding filament theory which filaments are the ones that slide pulling the Z lines ?

Actin

is calculated by dividing weigh in kg . by height in meters squared

BMI

You find out that your client has been consuming large amounts of food followed by purging . This is known as :

Bulimia Nervosa

Which term refers to the ability to control the forces across the spine and pelvic girdle while protecting the integrity of the spinal structures ?

Core stability

Muscular strength typically __________ with age

Decreases

The ligaments ability to lengthen passively is referred to as

Elasticity

The end of a long bone is referred to as the

Epiphysis

Restrictive lung diseases increase lung volumes and lung expansion

False

Sharing a client's personal health information is a violation of the

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

is used to identify medical conditions and health behaviors

Health Status Questionnaire

What is the leading cause of death in the USA ?

Heart disease

Which of the following is a potential problem of exercising during pregnancy ?

Heat dissipation

Which heat related illness can cause organ system failure and is the most serious form of heat - related illness ?

Heat stroke

Muscle tension increase as a result of

Increased stimulation of motor units and increased rate of stimulation of motor units

Which of the following refers to a part of the body that allows for flexibility and acts as a shock absorber ?

Intervertebral discs

The anaerobic energy system :

Is used to produce energy for short - term and high intensity activities and requires no oxygen

During an __________ action the muscle length remains the same

Isometric

Which types of exercises elicit high blood pressure responses in the body ?

Isometric and heavy resistance exercises

You have your client sign an informed consent before working out . However , for a contract to be valid and legally enforceable it must meet four different elements . Which element states , " The purpose of the contract must be to accomplish a goal that is not against public policy " ?

Legality

The results of your clients fitness tests should be compared with

Normative data based on clients age and gender

Your client believes in a false theory known as spot reduction . You know this because she :

Only exercises her inner thighs hoping to lose fat faster there than the rest of her body

is a participant's own assessment of how hard they are working

Perceived exertion

The body requires a certain amount of fat to

Protect vital organs & Regulate body temperature & Distribute vitamins

Glucose is a

Simple sugar

Your client displays the ability to maintain a balanced position after a disruption of their equilibrium . This is called :

Stability

Which term refers to the energy needed to digest , absorb , transport and store food that is eaten ?

Thermic effect

Type IIa muscle fibers are fast and produce large amounts of force for a long period of time

True

Type IIx muscle fibers contract quickly and produce great force

True

VO₂ max decreases with age

True

Women typically have lower VO , max levels then men

True

Displacing the center of mass is on way to work on balance . According to the progression of difficulty which one would you start with when working with an older client ?

Turn in a circle

What principle of training states that to enhance muscular performance , the body must exercise at a level beyond that to which it is normally stressed ?

Overload principle

The volume of oxygen inhaled minus the amount exhaled is called_

Oxygen consumption

You are establishing a strength training routine for your new client according to the ACSM / AHA guidelines . What would you recommend ?

Participate in resistance training activities at least two non - consecutive days per week

You assist your client in a hamstring stretch by gently pressing the leg into a stretch , as your client is totally relaxed . What type of stretching is this called ?

Passive

What is considered the foundation for the spine ?

Pelvis

Emergency policies for a health facility should include the following

Periodic training of all personnel on common emergency procedures, An emergency plan that includes access to early care and 911, Posting the emergency plan in a visible area near a telephone

Which of the following refers to systematic variation in a resistance - training program ?

Periodization

refers to the systematic variation in a resistance training program

Periodization

_covers bone everywhere except where there's articular cartilage

Periosteum

Who does the burden of proof fall on in a civil law suit ?

Plaintiff

Which type of exercise should people diagnosed with osteoporosis avoid ?

Plyometrics

You have your client do a set of chest presses to volitional fatigue and then immediately have them do a set of flys . This type of resistance training system is known as

Preexhaustion system

Which stage in the Transtheoretical Model has the individual intending to take action with in the next month and trying to determine what to do next ?

Preparation

Which is the most common defense used by defendants in negligence case ?

Primary assumption of risk

Which principle states that to make continual gains in muscular fitness , resistance training must be performed regularly ?

Principle of regularity

Your client has stopped training and their muscular strength has regressed towards their pre exercise levels . Which principle does this refer to ?

Principle of reversibility

According to the PRICE principle the " P " in PRICE stands for what ?

Protection

The HIPPA act of 1996 allows for which of the following ?

Protection of clients ' privacy and rights

Which macronutrient is composed of carbon , hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen ?

Protein

Amino acids combine to form

Proteins

ACSM / AHA recommends preactivity screening of participants prior to exercise because it

Provides a forum for building rapport and trust

Your client is performing a standing hamstring curl . Which muscle is the antagonist ?

Quadriceps

Your client is a high school athlete on the basketball team . You decide to take him through a plyometric workout . What would this entail ?

Quick powerful movements that involve rapid stretching of a muscle followed by rapid shortening

Your client is a 49 - year - old female who quit smoking 5 months ago and has a waist measurement of 30 inches . Which factor puts her at risk for cardiovascular disease ?

Quit smoking 5 months ago

Which statement is true of resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) ?

RMR is proportional to body size

Which of the following is true regarding phosphocreatine ?

Reacts with ADP to form ATP

Which characteristic of effective goal writing states , " Goals should be practical and achievable " ?

Reasonable

The stimulation of a muscle unit is referred to as

Recruitment

Which of the following terms refers to stimulation of one or more motor units to produce movement ?

Recruitment

In the Transtheoretical Model what is considered a crucial element during the action phase ?

Reinforcement

Which of the following is a method used to identify and deal with high - risk situations ?

Relapse prevention

The degree of effort required to expend energy and is influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) or maximal aerobic power is :

Relative intensity

occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ATP binds to the cross bridge

Relaxation

Your potential client has indicated they are current regular exercisers and have signs indicative of renal disease . What is the next step ?

Require medical clearance assessments

The number of calories expended to maintain the body during resting conditions is known as :

Resting metabolic rate

Which term refers to a proactive administrative process to minimize liability losses ?

Risk management

Which term refers to loss of muscle mass often associated with aging ?

Sacropenia

Which of the following refers to the fundamental units of muscle contraction ?

Sarcomere

is the fundamental unit of muscle contraction

Sarcomere

This type of fat comes primarily from animal sources

Saturated fat

Which term refers to practicing within your boundaries of training , education and certifications ?

Scope of practice

The synovial membrane

Secretes fluid into the joint cavity to lubricate the joint

The confidence in one's ability to engage in a positive behavior is

Self - efficacy

Creating mastery experiences and providing positive feedback are strategies for enhancing

Self efficacy

The confidence in one's ability to engage in a positive behavior or abstain from an undesired behavior is

Self efficacy

One of the top reasons for stopping an exercise program is lack of time . Which of the following is an important strategy for understanding and overcoming this excuse ?

Self monitoring

MR . PLEASE is an acronym used for the recommended health risk appraisal categories . The " S " in the acronym is when the personal fitness trainer :

Sets up an exercise prescription

Which term refers to how much of an effect results from a change in dose ?

Slope

Type I fibers are :

Slow and resist fatigue

Your client is a runner and you have decided to have her perform leg exercises to improve her running speed and endurance . This is an example of which principle ?

Specificity

An injury caused by overstretching or tearing of tissue

Sprain

Your client is asked to get in the anatomical position for an exercise . Which of the following is correct ?

Stand with arms at sides and palms facing forward

Your client is a 72 - year - old female . One of her goals is to increase her flexibility . Which type of stretch is preferred when designing a flexibility program for older adults ?

Static

Your client has torn a tendon . What is this known as ?

Strain

Low back pain in the youth population is most often caused by

Stress fracture of the pars interarticularis

Which of the following refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat ?

Stroke volume

How is the percentage of heart rate reserve ( HRR ) calculated ?

Subtract resting HR from maximal HR

Which term refers to immovable joints ?

Synarthrodial

tends to increase during a graded exercise test

Systolic blood pressure

Your client has a goal of losing weight . What should your recommendation be ?

Target a loss of 1-2 lbs . per week and limit fat intake to less than 30 % of total calories

Your client has inflammation of their Achilles tendon caused by repetitive tensile forces . What do they have ?

Tendinitis

Which term refers to a band of tough inelastic fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone ?

Tendon

is the passive part of the muscle made of elastic connective tissue

Tendon

The rotational inertia of body segments before or during movement depends

The mass of the segments and the distribution of the mass around the joints

Your client is travelling and has to spend 2 weeks training in a high altitude location . In order for them to stay within their THR range what is your recommendation ?

They decrease the intensity of their exercise

Your client answers " Yes " to one of the seven questions on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone . What is the next step ?

They must complete 10 additional questions

The effect produced when a force causes rotation is

Torque

Which type of law can be classified into three levels of fault : intentional , negligence and strict liability ?

Tort law

An emergency action plan ( EAP ) consists of which three components ?

Trained EAP personnel , communication plan , access to emergency equipment

The intake of which type of fatty acid should be as low as possible due to their link with negative health outcomes ?

Trans fat

Your exercise prescription for your client involves oblique twists . Which anatomical plane do these occur in ?

Transverse

Which term refers to the primary storage form of fat in the body ?

Triglycerides

A high intake of saturated fat is directly related to cardiovascular disease

True

ACSM guidelines suggest that the healthy general population participate in resistance training 2-3 non - consecutive days per week

True

Abdominal curl - up or crunch should begin with a backward pelvic tilt

True

After 10-20 minutes of exercise , heat loss equals heat production and the body's core temperature remains steady

True

After a participant's health status has been determined but before fitness tests are administered , participants must be furnished with informed consent

True

Carbohydrate loading increases glycogen storage and can enhance performance in activities lasting longer than one hour

True

Children should accumulate at least 60 minutes of activity each day

True

Complex carbohydrates are more nutrient dense than simple carbohydrates

True

Daily moderate - intensity exercise can improve cholesterol levels

True

Daily moderate - intensity exercise reduces the risk of CHD

True

Diastolic blood pressure tends to remain the same or decrease during a graded exercise test

True

Endurance training decreases the production of lactic acid

True

Evaporation is the primary mechanism for heat loss during exercise

True

Fast glycolic ( type IIx ) fibers produce great amounts of force , but fatigue relatively quickly

True

Fighting disease is one of the functions of proteins

True

Flexion and extension are the major movements of the knee

True

Glycolysis provides a short - term source of energy

True

Gravity can both cause and resist joint movement

True

Heat causes vasodilation of blood vessels and reduces muscle spasms

True

Heavy resistance exercise elicits a high blood pressure response

True

Higher levels of HDL are associated with decreased risk of CAD

True

Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below 95 °

True

If a participant answers " yes " to any of the 7 questions on the PAR - Q , he or she should contact a physician before starting an exercise program

True

Individuals who are training intensely may have greater protein requirements than the general public

True

Individuals with diagnosed heart disease should obtain physician consent before beginning an exercise program regardless of the exercise intensity

True

Isometric exercises typically cause an increase in blood pressure

True

Muscle soreness tends to peak 24-48 hours following exercise

True

Overreaching is the first stage of overtraining syndrome

True

Oxygen costs increases faster at higher walking speeds than low to moderate walking speeds

True

Principle of regularity states that long term gains in muscle strength requires training performed on a regular basis

True

Reduce intensity and increase hydration when exercising in increased temperature or altitude

True

Scoliosis is the extreme lateral curvature of the spine

True

Small increases in physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in sedentary individuals

True

Social reinforcement is crucial in the action stage of behavior change

True

Social support is a good predictor of exercise compliance

True

Stroke volume is the major variable influencing maximum cardiac output in the general population

True

Tangible rewards are effective to motivate new participants in the early stages of a program

True

Target heart rate is an effective guideline for determining intensity

True

Target heart rate serves as an effective guideline for determining appropriate exercise intensity

True

Tarsals and carpals are short bones

True

The Periosteum covers the bone everywhere except where articular cartilage is present

True

The distribution of slow vs. fast muscle fibers is determined primarily by genetics

True

The order of recruitment of muscle fibers if from most to least oxidative

True

The oxygen cost of bench stepping considers the energy used when stepping up and stepping down

True

To maintain stability against an upsetting force , shift weight towards the force

True

Torque is produced when a force causes rotation

True

Water is considered an essential nutrient

True

When exercising in high altitudes , participants should decrease their intensity stay within their target heart rate

True

With all other factors being equal , a heavy person has greater stability than a lighter person

True

Aerobic versus anaerobic relates to which part of the FITT principle ?

Type

While there are many benefits of physical activity there is also a potential for adverse outcomes as well . Your client participates in a contact sport . This falls into which category of risk ?

Type of activity

The greatest amount of oxygen the body can take in and utilize during exercise is

VO2 max

Oxygen consumption ( VO2 ) during exercise is measured by which of the following equations ?

VO₂ = volume O₂ inhaled - volume O2 exhaled

Your client is in her second trimester of pregnancy . Which of the following do you recommend she avoid ?

Valsalva maneuver

are organic substances essential to the normal functioning of the body

Vitamins

In order to avoid orthopedic injuries with your obese client you recommend which of the following ?

Water aerobics

Your client has been classified as obese . One of the safety issues that you need to address is thermoregulation . What would your recommendation be ?

Work out during the cooler times of the day

Hypertension is characterized by a systolic blood pressure reading

≥ 140mm Hg

Which of the following is not one of the general training principles ?

(Progression, Overload, Specificity )None of the above

Which of the following is a healthy weight loss goal for clients who are overweight and obese ?

0.5-1.0 kg per week

VO2 Max decreases at a rate of how much per year in healthy men and women after the age of 20 ?

1 %

Your client is an endurance athlete how much protein intake should you suggest ?

1.2-1.4g per kg of body weight

What percentage of adolescent girls achieve the recommended levels for calcium intake ?

10 %

What range of RPE values ( using a scale of 6 to 20 ) is recommended in a training program to achieve cardiorespiratory fitness goals ?

12 to 16

Your client is past the acute phase of a cardiac rehabilitation program . What is their recommended rate of perceived exertion on a 20 - point scale when performing aerobic exercise ?

12-16

Delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) typically begins to develop within how many hours ?

12-24 hours after exercising

After age 50 strength decreases __________ per decade

15 %

Which RM load has the greatest effect on developing local muscular endurance ?

15-20

What percentage of American children are obese ?

17.3 %

ACSM recommends that individuals obtain physician consent before starting an exercise program if they have __________ or more primary risk factors for CHD

2

ACSM guidelines suggest that the healthy general population participate in resistance training

2-3 non - consecutive days per week

To gain weight increase caloric intake by

200 1,000 kcal day - 1

Essential fat levels are estimated to be __________ and ___________ for men and women respectively

3 % to 5 % ; 8 % to 12 %

What recommendation would you give your client who is in cardiac rehab phases II and III on the frequency of aerobic exercise they should be doing ?

3-5 days per week

How long can phosphocreatine last for during all out activity ?

3-5 seconds

According to current ACSM / AHA physical activity guidelines when designing a program for your client you should encourage them to perform

30 minutes of moderate - intensity activity 5 days per week

What is the percentage of adults classified as obese in the U.S. ?

34.9 %

When discussing macronutrients with your client what percentage should you suggest for carbohydrate intake ?

45-65 %

To lose weight the ACSM recommends that you exercise __________ days / week

5 to 7

What does a general warm up include ?

5-10 minutes of moderate to high intensity aerobic activities

Muscle mass and strength are relatively stable until what age ?

50

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Coronary heart disease accounts for what percentage of these deaths ?

51 %

How many grams of carbohydrates should an athlete who trains heavily consume ?

6-10g per kilogram of body weight

Water makes up what percentage of body weight ?

60 %

Health , fitness , and performance are three distinct goals with separate activity recommendations . You are establishing goals for your client who falls into the performance category . How many days a week should they train ?

7

Acclimation to heat is called adaptation , and takes

7-12 days

Your client is a 46 - year - old typical healthy male . What is the optimal intensity threshold ?

75 % -90 % of HRMax

You are designing a strength - training workout for your client . How many exercises for the major muscle groups does ASCM / AHA recommend ?

8-10 exercises for the major muscle groups

ACSM / AHA recommends how many repetitions to maximize strength development when using resistance ?

8-12 repetitions

Studies show that resistance training can increase both muscle mass and strength in older adults . What is the percentage of 1RM that should be used ?

80 %

How many Americans are estimated to have hypertension ?

80 million

To avoid straining the knee ligaments what is the maximum squat depth that is recommended ?

90⁰

Which of the following are generally accepted guidelines for classifying obesity using % body fat ?

> 38 % for women and > 25 % for men

Exercising for 7-14 days in the heat to increase the capacity to sweat is known as :

Acclimatization

Your client is experiencing a seizure what is the first thing you need to do ?

Activate EMS

Cells use which of the following as the primary energy source for biological work ?

Adenosine triphosphate

Identifying and eliminating barriers to participation is an effective strategy for increasing

Adherence

combine to form proteins

Amino acids

Lactate threshold is also referred to as:

Anaerobic threshold

Your client has broken a short bone . Which bone have they broken ?

Ankle

Abduction and adduction occur around which axis ?

Anteroposterior

According to the PRICE concept , after protecting and resting a soft tissue injury , you should

Apply ice

_covers the surfaces of bone and helps absorb shock

Articular cartilage

The first step in evaluating health status using MR . PLEASE is to determine if the individual is currently participating in regular exercise . What constitutes regular exercise ?

At least 30 minutes a day for 3 or more days a week

Your client is a competitive athlete . What is your recommendation for hydration prior to competition ?

At least 4 hours

Which term refers to the thickening of the artery wall that blocks blood flow to a certain region of the body ?

Atherosclerosis

Your client had to stop their weight training routine due to an injury During that time his muscles decreased in size . What is this known as ?

Atrophy

The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the entire long bone . It serves as

Attachment for muscles

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ?

BMI > 30

Hypertension is defined as which of the following ?

BP of 140/90 or higher

This type of stretching involves using velocity and a fast bouncy movement to stretch the muscle

Ballistic

Which of the following recommendations is ( are ) appropriate for seniors over the age of who want to begin a resistance training program ?

Begin with 1 set of 10 to 15 repetitions on each exercise, Perform exercises within a pain - free range of motion & Allow time to adjust to postural changes between exercises

The spine is particularly vulnerable at what time of day ?

Beginning of the day

During the initial consultation with a client you discover they regularly smoke . This type of risk factor falls into which category ?

Behavioral

You are helping your client write out their fitness goals . You suggest they aim for actions rather than outcomes . Which characteristic is this referring to ?

Behavioral

Which strategy involves a written , signed , public agreement to engage in specific goal - directed behaviors ?

Behavioral contract

Which medication is known to influence submaximal and maximal HR and have a profound effect on exercise prescription ?

Beta blockers

A variety of physiological responses occur when an individual begins an exercise program Which two physiological responses are most immediate ?

Blood pressure and insulin sensitivity

Ligaments basically attach

Bone to bone

are sacs of synovial fluid that lie between muscle tendons and bones

Bursae

Which of the following are considered to be the primary fuels for exercise ?

Carbohydrate and fat

Which term refers to athletes maximizing glycogen storage before a competition ?

Carbohydrate loading

What does the body use calcium for ?

Cardiac and skeletal muscle function

The plaintiff in a negligence lawsuit has to prove four separate elements . Which element does the plaintiff have to prove that breach of duty was the cause of harm ?

Causation

You are training your client outside and are monitoring their fluid loss . You see that they have a water loss of 3-5 % . Which of the following is this considered ?

Cause for concern

Which training system has the client performing a series of different exercises with little rest between each exercise performed ?

Circuit training

Interference with the blood supply to the legs , often resulting in limping is known as

Claudication

Behavioral contracts should include __________ deadlines and goals

Clear & Realistic

Which motivational strategy helps your clients reframe negative statements into positive statements ?

Cognitive restructuring

External exposure of bone is likely due to a :

Compound fracture

The action that requires the muscles to overcome the force of gravity is :

Concentric

Your client is frustrated with working out and is having difficulty expressing why You help the client to be more specific about their feelings and goals . Which characteristic of an effective helper does this represent ?

Concreteness

The body loses heat by four different processes . Which of the following term refers to the process where a person sits on a cold marble bench and loses body heat ?

Conduction

Which stage does the personal trainer market the benefits of exercise and is a positive role model ?

Contemplation

are characterized by bleeding into the underlying tissue

Contusions

Muscles use __________for immediate short - term energy

Creatine phosphate

The gradual accumulation of fat is known as :

Creeping obesity

After 20 weeks of regular vigorous physical activity at the ACSM - recommended levels , the resting heart rate in normal sedentary person will

Decrease

Which of the following signs is ( are ) associated with overtraining ?

Decreased body weight, Loss of appetite & Muscle tenderness

Which cold related problem is characterized by freezing of deep tissue including muscle and bone ?

Deep frostbite

What is the shaft of a bone known as ?

Diaphysis

In terms of a squat , the eccentric movement occurs in which phase of the squat motion ?

Downward phase

ACSM recommends which of the following as approach to exercise for weight loss ?

Duration : 30-60 min / day

When designing an exercise prescription for an older adult client what should be recommended if they are extremely deconditioned ?

Duration should be divided into 5-10 min segments

In the four elements to proving negligence which element states the defendant owed a standard of care to the plaintiff ?

Duty

Your client is performing a triceps kickback with free weights . What type of resistance training are they using ?

Dynamic constant external resistance

You are creating a stretching routine for your 15 year old client who plays lacrosse . According to the ASCM guidelines what should you recommend ?

Each stretch should be performed for a total of 60 seconds

action decelerates movement

Eccentric

Which qualifications should be specified for a staff position in a fitness facility ?

Education, Required certifications & Professional experience

An isometric action produces a torque that is __________ the opposing torque

Equal to

Which type of energy does not exist in biological systems ?

Ergonomic energy

Which term is used in nutrition to indicate that the nutrient cannot be manufactured by the body and must be ingested daily ?

Essential

Which is the primary heat loss mechanism during exercise ?

Evaporation

Which of the following is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle degeneration and muscle enzyme leakage ?

Exertional rhabdomyolysis

The return from flexion is

Extension

Which of the following refers to the junction of the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae ?

Facet joint

120 minutes daily of moderate intensity physical activity is required to achieve health goals

False

30 minutes / week of low intensity physical activity will achieve fitness goals

False

A client suffering from plantar fascilitis will have discomfort in the neck

False

A sense of accomplishment and efficacy are examples of extrinsic rewards

False

A wide base of support typically decreases stability

False

ACSM recommends that obese individuals create a daily caloric deficit of at least 1,500 calories

False

Abduction is an anterior or posterior movement that brings two bones together

False

According to recommended macronutrient distributions , 15-25 % of total calories should come from carbohydrates

False

Amphiarthrodial joints allow a greater range of movement than synovial

False

An injury to the joint typically decreases the secretion of synovial fluid

False

An isometric movement occurs when resistance is low and requires a burst of concentric actions to initiate the movement

False

Both men and women experience an increase in VO₂ max as they age

False

Carbohydrate loading reduces glycogen storage and inhibits performance activities lasting longer than one hour

False

Cardiac output decreases linearly with work rate

False

Cartilation is the process whereby cartilage is replaced by bone

False

Cells use creatine phosphate as a long term energy source

False

Chemical energy does not exist in biological systems

False

During plantar flexion the toes are flexing back

False

During the pre - contemplative stage of behavioral change the individual has begun thinking about making a change ( starting an exercise program ) , but is not prepared to take action

False

Endurance training decreases the size of the ventricle

False

Endurance training effects transfer when untrained muscles are used to perform the work

False

Endurance training reduces stroke volume at rest

False

Fast glycolic type IIx fibers produce small amounts of force

False

Fats yield about 6 % more energy than carbohydrates

False

Fitness tests do not need to be repeated after the initial assessment

False

Flexibility is genetically pre - determined and cannot be change

False

Foods with a high glycemic index cause a rapid decrease in blood glucose

False

Health appraisal and screening should be performed prior to receiving informed consent from the client

False

High intensity exercise once daily is recommended for the general public

False

Hypertension is the continuing of extension past the anatomical position

False

If your client is pregnant , they should perform exercises in the supine position after the first trimester

False

Individuals in the high risk category can begin vigorous exercise without physician's consent

False

Intertrigo is a drop in body temperature to below 95 degrees Fahrenheit

False

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the Unites States

False

Mechanical energy does not exist in biological systems

False

Most movements during physical activity occur at amphiarthrodial joints

False

Most of the long bones do not ossify completely until age 30.

False

Movement at a hinge joint is less restricted than movement at a ball and socket joint

False

Muscles use creatine phosphate for energy after other sources are depleted

False

Muscular strength is best assessed by using resistance that requires minimum or very little tension with high repetitions

False

Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to make repeated contractions or to resist muscular fatigue

False

Older adults typically experience increased body fat because they ingest more calories

False

Ossification is the loss in bone mineral density or bone mass

False

Pregnant woman should not exercise at all during pregnancy

False

Pregnant woman should not participate in any strength training activity

False

Protein contributes approximately 75 % to total energy production during exercise

False

Providing tangible and intangible rewards for exercise adherence are examples of assessment strategies

False

Recommended body fat percentages are the same for men and women

False

Resistance exercise should be avoided by clients who are obese because of the potential to increase muscle mass

False

Short bones have greater movement potential than long bones

False

The ankle joint is able to perform flexion , extension , hyperextension , abduction and adduction movements

False

The cranial skull is a diarthrodial joint

False

The optimal frequency in training based on improved CRF with low risk of injury is 1-2 times per week

False

The optimal training intensity for the average person is 40 % of their max

False

The same 1-2 minute rest interval should be used for all exercises

False

The straightening of one's normal lumbar lordotic curve is primarily caused by an increase in movement

False

Vitamins A , D , E , and K are water - soluble , not stored in the body and must be replaced daily

False

When a muscle develops tension it tends to lengthen towards the middle

False

When doing the sit and reach test the length of the reach is most important

False

When exercising in high altitudes , participants should increase their intensity to stay within their target heart rate

False

When lifting , the pelvis should be tilted forward while keeping the abdominal muscles activated

False

When the body begins to work , the volume of oxygen missing is referred to as VO2 max

False

When the body begins to work the volume of oxygen missing is referred to as VO₂ max

False

Which macronutrient contributes to the formation of cell membranes ?

Fat

Which client can begin fitness testing and participate in regular activity without their physician's consent ?

Female over 50 years of age and Male with total cholesterol below 200

Your client is performing a bicep curl . What joint movement are they performing ?

Flexion

Which of the following is a successful strategy for weight loss ?

Food logs

Which mode of resistance training provides more options for training through multiple planes of motion ?

Free weights

When discussing the FITT principle , how often an activity is done refers to :

Frequency

Fitness programming that uses a variety of exercises to simulate routine tasks refers to

Functional fitness

is a test used to measure cardiovascular fitness

GXT

Evaporation is the process in which liquid water is converted to

Gas

The distribution of muscle fibers is determined primarily by

Genetics

Which type of joint has minimal sliding movement between the bones ?

Gliding

provides enough energy to work hard for a short amount of time

Glycolysis

Which type of fault is characterized by a fitness professional not taking any precautions to warn clients about a broken piece of equipment ?

Gross negligence

The Tanaka formula for maximal heart rate ( MHR ) is :

HR 208- ( 0.7 x age )

Muscular strength and endurance , CRF , flexibility and body composition refers to

Health related fitness

p . 447 What factors should you consider before deciding if a client requires a physician consent or referral to a clinic - based supervised exercise program ?

Health status & Fitness test results & Desired level of physical activity

What is the most common site for osteoporotic fractures ?

Hip , vertebrae , and wrist

The __________ joint has a ball and socket structure

Hip and Shoulder

The Thomas Test is one of the tests used to measure tightness in the

Hip flexors

The most common type of cardiovascular diseases is

Hypertension

is an increase in size or mass of muscle

Hypertrophy

Your client has a goal of gaining weight . What is your recommendation ?

Increase caloric intake by 200-1000 kcal / day

Your client has diabetes and you are aware that exercise has the potential to lower blood glucose levels . In order to counterbalance this you suggest to your client which of the following ?

Increase in food intake or a decrease in insulin dosage

Your client spends many hours at a desk working on their computer each day . They are at risk for :

Increase in thoracic kyphosis and a decrease in the lumbar curve

What can the rate of perceived exertion ( RPE ) can be as ?

Indicator of intensity

Your potential client refuses to fill out the PAR - Q + or the HSQ . What is your next course of action ?

Inform them of the benefits of screening

Which document details the potential risks associated with exercise ?

Informed consent form

Which common cause of injury is defined as something that simply happens as a result of participation - no one is at fault ?

Inherent risk

Which of the following is true regarding systolic blood pressure ?

Initially goes up during endurance exercise but can have an effect of decreasing over time

Target heart rate relates to which part of the FITT principle ?

Intensity

ACSM recommends which of the following when working with children and adolescents to aid in increased bone density ?

Intensity : high - loading forces in jumping

Which term refers to the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis toward the midline of the body in the anatomical position ?

Internal rotation

The joint movement that requires the client to lift the inner edge of their foot with their big toe elevated is known as

Inversion

Which mineral if under consumed can lead to anemia ?

Iron

Which of the following characterizes a functional curve ?

It's ability to be removed

Which wound is characterized by an open wound with jagged edges and exposure of underlying tissues ?

Laceration

The point during a GXT at which the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases is know as

Lactate threshold

You are designing a workout for your client . According to the resistance training guidelines what would the correct order of exercises be ?

Leg press before leg curl

When discussing the dietary guidelines with your clients what should you recommend in terms of sodium intake per day ?

Less than 2300 mg per day

The long bones found in the limbs and digits primarily serve as

Levers

Your client notices that after working out with you their gains are made continuously over time . This is known as a / an :

Linear response

Which group of drugs is known to cause a significant degree of muscle problems ?

Lipid lowering

The __________ found in the limbs and digits primarily serve as levers

Long bones

The axis that is perpendicular to the transverse plane is the

Longitudinal

Tightness in the hip flexors can increase the :

Lordotic curve

After a 10 - week endurance training program , the heart rate response to a fixed sub max exercise test is __________ compared to before the training program

Lower

Which is NOT proper execution of movement when jogging ?

Lower trunk rotates

Your client has successfully adhered to their workout program for 7 months . They are in which stage ?

Maintenance

When determining your clients target heart rate . Which is considered the most direct method ?

Maximal GXT method

Which of the following is true about a high carbohydrate diet ?

Maximizes muscle glycogen and extends the time to exhaustion

Which statement should is true about training children ?

May help reduce the risk of sports related injury

The first step in evaluating an exercise participant's health status is

Medical history review

The most rapid loss of bone mineral density occurs in women during

Menopause

Endurance training increases the __________ in the muscles

Mitochondria

According to the Risk Factor Stratification an asymptomatic female with > 2 risk factors falls into which category ?

Moderate risk

Carbohydrates can be divided into which three categories ?

Monosaccharides , disaccharides and polysaccharides

consists of a single motor neuron and its branches and al muscle fibers innervated by that neuron

Motor unit

is the maximal force that a muscle can generate at a given velocity

Muscular strength

Which term refers to a lack of blood flow to the heart tissue ?

Myocardial ischemia

There are three situational factors that determine professional standard of care . They are :

Nature of the activity type of participants and environmental conditions

Which term refers to when less energy is consumed than expended ?

Negative calorie balance

Upon reviewing your potential clients health history you find that he has been taking medicine for high cholesterol but did not indicate he had high cholesterol He states because of the medication he does not have high cholesterol . What is the next step ?

Note that he has a risk factor of high cholesterol

The most at risk for osteoporosis is :

Older women of Caucasian and Asian descent

Research has found that __________fats may have positive health benefits

Omega - 3

The replacement of cartilage by bones which occurs during growth and maturation is

Ossification

is the process where cartilage is replaced by bone

Ossification

A degenerative joint disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and a decrease in the strength of the remaining bone is known as

Osteoarthritis

is a degenerative joint disease associated with damage to the articular cartilage

Osteoarthritis

Amenorrhea , disordered eating and __________ are components of the female athlete triad

Osteoporosis

Which term refers to a disease characterized by a decrease in the total amount of bone mineral and à decrease in the strength of the remaining bone ?

Osteoporosis

Your client is a 34 - year - old female . She has been working with you for over a year and swims competitively . You suspect she may be suffering from the female athlete triad . What does this consist of ?

Osteoporosis , disordered eating and amenorrhea

Goal - setting directs activity and emphasizes a link between behavior and

Outcome

Excessive frequency , volume , or intensity coupled with inadequate rest and recovery are characteristics of which of the following ?

Over training


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