OLD KEYSTONE MODULE #1

Cells are largely made of organic compounds that contain carbon. Which property of the carbon atom makes it an essential component of organic compounds?

. Carbon can form four covalent bonds

The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function?

. a medicine that affects pH

Which statement best describes how antibiotics affect cellular homeostasis?

Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials

Which characteristic allows carbon atoms to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms?

Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

Give two examples of biochemical reactions and explain how an organism uses ATP in them

Digestion - atp provides energy for digestive enzymes to break down foods Respiration- ATP provides energy for the oxygen and glucose that is needed to converted to energy which forms ATP and continues the cycle.

The title of the diagram is, Cellulose Model. The diagram shows a chain consisting of multiple three part sequences of a rectangle connected to a hexagon connected to the letter "O". There are six rectangles, six hexagons, and five "Os" shown. Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms?

It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?

Only active transport requires ATP

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration.

Student sweat during gym select 3 and explain how each change represents a homeostasis mechanism

Sweating- when ur body is hot it cools down by activating sweat glands which cools u through evaporation. Increased heart rate-when u run ur muscles need more oxygen and blood so ur heart pumps faster to abide those needs. Increased thirst-when u sweat out moisture which ur body wants then u want to replenish ur thirst causing ur body to say hey im thirsty.

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

The need for a source of energy

Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?

The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

Molecules Needed for Protein Synthesis • mRNA • tRNA • amino acids • ATP molecules A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process?

They provide energy.

Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?

cell

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

cellular respiration

Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function?

chloroplast

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

The opening of the stomata allows water to evaporate from inside the leaf in a process known as transpiration. As this occurs, water molecules cling to one another and pull water in a continuous stream up the stem of the plant from the roots to the leaves. Which property of water makes this movement possible?

cohesion

Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell?

exocytosis and endocytosis

ATP PURPOSE FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

it provides energy that cells need to carry out all biochemical reactions

The Golgi apparatus is broken down during mitosis and then reformed. Which function would a cell be unable to perform during the time that its Golgi apparatus is broken down?

processing and packaging proteins for cellular export

The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria?

skin

All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis?

temperature is regulated by sweated

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

they use energy to function

Which action is prevented by the plasma membrane?

unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell