OOP Test Option 1

Construct an algorithm in pseudocode for listSpecies(Specimen[] animals), which will generate a list of the different species in the zoo

//ANIMALS is a unique array containing Specimen objects //UNIQUE is a collection, initially empty //SPECIES is a Species object loop BEAST from 0 to the number of elements in ANIMALS NEW_SPECIES = true UNIQUE.resetNext() loop while UNIQUE.hasNext() if UNIQUE.getNext() = species of ANIMALS[BEAST] then NEW_SPECIES = false end if end loop UNIQUE.resetNext() loop while UNIQUE.getNext() SPECIES = UNIQUE.getNext() output SPECIES.toString() end loop

Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of having the specimen object as a sub-class of the species object

Advantage - Specimen objects would inherit all the attributes of the species object - would allow code in specimen object to access species-related methods directly Disadvantage - Logically inconsistent - data in the species class may not be consistent across the associated Specimens

Construct code for the genus object including a constructor, accessor methods and a toString() method

public class Genus{ private String genusName; public Genus(String g){ setGenusName(g);} public void setGenusName(String g){ genusName = g;} public String getGenusName(){ return genusName;} public String toString(){ return "Genus: " + genusName;} }

UML diagram for species object

species String: speciesName setSpeciesName(String s) String getSpeciesName() String toString() boolean equals(Species s)

State relationship between the genus and species objects

the species class inherits from the genus class

Outline why calling the toString() method in this code does not cause an error

the two methods are related to the specific class declared the compiler selects the correct method

Construct a method countSpecimens(Specimen[] animals, Species s) that will output the number of specimens of the given species in the zoo

void countSpecimens(Specimen[] animals, Species s){ int sCount = 0; int i; for(i = 0; i < animals.length; i++){ if (s.equals(animals[i].getTOA()){ sCount++;} } System.out.println(sCount); }

identify an instance variable in the specimen class

private String name

Outline the changes that would be needed in order to add a description of each animal's individual markings to the program

markings are a characteristic of each individual animal description of markings should be an instance variable within the specimen class there should be accessor (get/set) methods for the markings the toString() method should include the description of the markings

Identify the term for this property

polymorphism or overriding

Identity an accessor method in the specimen class

private String getName()

Outline two benefits provided by encapsulation

Ease of testing - by putting all the structure of the data in a single class, other classes which make use of that data can be easily tested by simply providing then with data values even before the "real" data class is available for testing Ease of maintenance - if there are changes to the data or how it is stored or accessed, only the one class needs to be changed and the others will not

Define the term encapsulation

Encapsulation refers to the practice of hiding the structure and representation of data within a class and making it accessible outside the class via accessor functions

State the relationship between the species and specimen objects

The specimen class has a member variable that is a species object Species and specimen are associated They "have a relationship"(no inheritance)

Outline two ways in which the programming team can benefit from the way the relationships between the three objects, specimen, species, and genus, have been represented in the code

avoids duplicate code- can call the same object multiple times if code is needed. Data is inherited faster development - programmers can work on different parts of the code and different object at the same time without having to rewrite the entire code Simplifies Testing - functionality inherited from a parent class does not need to be re-tested in the new class