Organelles

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as a site for protein and lipid synthesis. The various folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provide a large surface where cellular functions can take place. are responsible for the assembly of many proteins. This process is called translation.

Chromatin

is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein and RNA. protect the DNA structure and sequence. Packaging DNA into chromatin allows for mitosis and meiosis, prevents chromosome breakage and controls gene expression and DNA replication.

Nuclear Envelope

It is made up of two layers, each made up of a lipid bilayer. lipid bilayer is enveloped with holes, called nuclear pores, to regulate the exchange of substances (for example, proteins and RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane keeps DNA inside the nucleus and protects it from materials in the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria

They are sac like double membranes structures present in the cytoplasm of cell. They are the energy source of the cell.

Vacuole

a large space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. It contains the waste of the cell.

Ribosome

a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters. Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is needed for many cell functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes.

Microtubule

are conveyer belts inside the cells. They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. They also serve a cytoskeletal role. Structurally, they are linear polymers of tubulin which is a globular protein.

Vesicle

A small fluid-filled sac in the body. A membrane-bound sac in eukaryotic cells that stores or transports the products of metabolism in the cell and is sometimes the site for the breaking down of metabolic wastes.

Centriole

Organizing Chromosomes. Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles. They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide. They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis. A centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are nine groups of microtubules. When two centrioles are found next to each other, they are usually at right angles.

Nucleus

The cell nucleus contains the majority of the cell's genetic material in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes. Each human cell contains roughly two meters of DNA. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell.

Flagella

are helically shaped structures containing the protein flagellin. The base of the flagellum (the hook) near the cell surface is attached to the basal body enclosed in the cell envelope. The flagellum rotates in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, in a motion similar to that of a propeller. move liquid past the surface of the cell.

Cilia

are slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells. move liquid past the surface of the cell.

Microfilament

are thin fibers that function as cooperative members of the cytoskeleton. Single fibers usually group together to perform various functions. They form a thin skeleton just inside plasma membranes called the cortical cytoskeleton to provide stiffness, structure, and shape to the membrane.

Plasma membrane

consists of both lipids and proteins. The fundamental structure of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments. It regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Golgi appartus

is usually near the cell nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened sacs. Proteins secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum are transported into and across the Golgi apparatus by vesicles and may be combined with sugars to form glycoproteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

long network of a folded, tube-like structure. You can think of it like a pipeline with a lot of twists and turns. The interior of the smooth ER is called the lumen, which is enclosed by a phospholipid membrane, just like the membrane that encloses the entire cell. Assembly of many proteins.

Nucleolus

round body located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus. it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly.