Organic Fruits and Vegetable Production

What is the maximum recommended irrigation amount for a single irrigation event?

0.5".

Most fruits/vegetables need at least __________ of water per week in the growing season.

1".

Grape

Berry.

Which nutrient deficiency does NOT show up first on older leaves?

Boron.

When asexually propagating by grafting, it is very important not only to not let the grat union to dessicate but to match___________.

Cambiums.

Why is it better to buy fruits and vegetables in season?

Cheaper, Taste better, Freshness.

Orange

Citrus.

When trying to change a variety of an apple out, which type of graft would you use to change an old tree out by top-working the tree?

Cleft graft.

An underground compressed swollen stem, use in banana asexual propagation is a:

Corm.

Which crop requires the most light for optimal production?

Corn.

White plastic mulch tends to __________ soil temperature.

Decrease.

Influences of the environment on fruit and vegetable crops include all except

Disease.

Cherry

Drupe.

In woody plants, ______________ is regulated by physiological factors inside the plant structure.

Endodormancy.

It is better to eat raw fruits rather than cooked fruits because

Enzymes and some nutrients are destroyed in cooking.

Because fruits and vegetables are high in fat, they are also high in calories.

False.

Boiling is a good method to use for vegetables because more nutrients are retained.

False.

Canned fruits are generally more nutritious than fresh fruits.

False.

Endodormancy in plants is regulated by environmental factors outside of the plant.

False.

The proper C:N ratio when you add organic matter to your soils should be >30:1.

False.

Vegetables need more of a slope than fruit, generally.

False.

Broccoli

Flower.

Tomato

Fruit.

Which of the following are used as a cover crops?

Legumes, Sudan-sorghum, Radishes.

NFT technique would most often be used for:

Lettuce.

Which of the following factors does NOT delay or reduce cold acclimation?

Light cropping.

The most preferable soils for vegetables, generally speaking, are:

Loams.

It is better to buy fruits and vegetables in season because of all of the following except:

Local farmers do not use fertalizers.

What are some advantages of growing in a Greenhouse?

Longer growing season, Easier to control most pests and pathogens, Often higher yields.

Solar radiation is affected by all of the following EXCEPT

Longitude.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of drip irrigation?

Low irrigation efficiency.

Field capacity is the _________

Maximum soil water capacity after drainage due to gravity.

Watermelon

Melon.

A system of hydroponic that has a thin film of nutrient solution flowing by the plant roots is:

Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

I want to plant a crop of apples on my land. I have various potential sites on my land. In order to avoid late spring freezes of blossoms I plant:

On a northeast slope.

The highest number of fruit and vegetable farmers are found in which age bracket?

65 and older.

The transpiration component makes up what percentage of ET?

70%.

These strawberries are growing in ____ __________ system of hydroponics in the greenhouse.

A closed.

These strawberries are growing in ____ ___________ system of hydroponics in the greenhouse.

An open.

The light saturation point of a particular crop is important for indoor producers because it allows them to:

Optimize the intensity of artificial lighting for maximum PAR.

The botanical definition of a fruit says that a fruit is developed from the ____________ of a seeding plant.

Ovary.

What is the biggest danger to plants that are covered for cold protection, whether by plastic, in high tunnels, in low tunnels or by fabric?

Over heating.

A seed is a mature, fertilized ______________.

Ovule.

PAR stands for

Photosynthetic Active Radiation.

The P in PAR stands for

Photosynthetically.

When selecting fruit, you should look for

Pleasent smell.

Pear

Pome.

The art and science pertaining to fruit is

Pomology.

Carrot

Root.

Phytonutrients are

Secondary metabolites in plants.

Pea

Seed.

What are characteristics of drip irrigation?

Small-acerage fields and integration with fertigation.

The primary reason to use raised beds is:

Soil Drainage.

Olericulture refers to the production of

Vegetable crops.

Influences of the environment on fruit and vegetable crops include:

Wind, Temperature, Light.

Solar radiation is affected by:

Latitude, Altitude, Season.

The temperature of soil on a hot summer day can be lowered the most with which type of mulch?

Hay.

What Type of Seed is the best to save for generations?

Heirloom.

Spinach

Leaves.

What is a reason NOT to use transplants?

Inexpensive Seed.

Growing two or more crops together at the same time on the same land is called:

Intercropping.

Hydroponics means growing plants in

Soil-less media.

Examples of freeze damage include:

Southwest injury, Damage to the fruit, Damage to the seed.

Which one of the following is NOT an effect of heat stress in the summer?

Southwest injury.

Celery

Stem.

Garlic is propagated by separation of bulbs and a bulb is:

Storage in swollen scale leaves.

Effects of heat stress in the summer include:

Sunburn browning, Photo-oxidate sunburn, Sunburn necrosis.

Which plant is not normally started from transplants?

Sweet Corn.

Photoperiodism refers to the regulation of plant growth stages by _____________.

The day length.

If I had a choice where to plant a peach orchard to avoid spring frosts during bloom, where would I plant?

Towards the top of a slope facing north.

Pinapple

Tropical.

Enzymatic browning of cut fruit can be prevented by coating the fruit with lemon juice or ascorbic acid.

True.

Good fruit should give when pressed, be heavy, and be full of color.

True.

Most crops are sensitive to water deficit stress during reproductive growth stages.

True.

Nutrients are lost when cooking fruits and vegetables.

True.

Plants that are asexually propagated are normally identical clones.

True.

Potatoes should be stored in a cool, dry place.

True.

Unpleasant, bitter flavors can develop when overcooking vegetables.

True.

Weed killer CAN be used with organic crops if applied 3 years before to eliminate weeds.

True.

With the application of biofumigation biocontrol to kill perennial weeds and seed, irrigation must be used to initiate the proper reaction after incorporation into the soil.

True.