Psych Final

How does reaction time pertain to intelligence?

. Reaction time indicates a person's speed of processing, which is related to intelligence

Carrie wants to study digestion in dogs, similar to Pavlov's research. She decides to use all the dogs in her apartment complex for her research study, but not inform their owners. Which of the following statements best describes how Carrie violated research guidelines?

Carrie used the neighborhood dogs without their owners' permission. Answers:a. Carrie did not violate any research guidelines

Which of the following is a characteristic of subtractive bilingualism

Children speak the majority language at school, but not at home

Please name and briefly describe the major functions of each of the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

Frontal- executive function, motor, language, personality Temporal- auditory and language Parietal- somatosensory Occipital- vision

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning

Getting sick after eating scrambled eggs and then later avoiding scrambled eggs since just looking at them makes you feel sick.

What can we conclude from the finding that children with high IQs tend to do better in school than children with lower IQs

High IQ reveals potential and does not guarantee success.

Using Heuristics

Mental shortcuts that "in general" produce a predictable outcome

Which of the following is the best example of selective attention

Paying attention in a lecture despite your phone vibrating

Hormonal changes promote both physical growth spurt and reproductive maturity during a biological event known as

Puberty

Which of these describes a double-blind study?

Research where neither the observer nor the participants know which treatment was received

Deafness, blindness, or loss of any other sense except smell can be caused by damage to even small areas of the

Thalamus

What is the "Law of effect

That responses accompanied by satisfaction will be repeated, while those which produce unpleasantness or discomfort will be stamped out.

Which one of the following statements best describes the children of authoritative parents?

The children are resilient and develop the strength they need to thrive even in difficult circumstances.

Which of the following is one of the controversies surrounding the use of intelligence tests?

The results of these assignments have been misused regarding differences based on a person's race

Which of the following refers to the presumed hereditary readiness of humans to learn certain skills, such as how to use language or a readiness to behave in particular ways?

a biological predisposition

What are conceptual rules

a checklist used to determine whether something is a member of a concept class

In group problem solving, the tendency of one person's ideas to trigger ideas from others is called

a cross-stimulation effect

With respect to understanding emotions, which one of the following is often indicated by embarrassment

a feeling of shame

What is the best definition of the limbic system

a set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory

Insightful solutions

a sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious

Which of the following is the minimum amount of physical energy that can be detected 50 percent of the time?

absolute threshold

Algorithmic solutions

acheived by following series of step-by-step rules, utilizing Logical thought- inductive and deductive thought

Retrograde amnesia

an inability to retrieve information from one's past

You are trying to get your seven-month-old baby to say the word "ball," but all he can say is "ba-ba-ba" while you point to the ball. Which of the following best describes what he is doing?

babbling

Wilma has a recessive gene for blue eyes and a dominant gene for brown eyes. Which of the following most accurately describes Wilma's potential eye color?

brown

A thin, wrinkled outer covering of the brain in which high-level processes take place is called the

cerebral cortex.

Early intelligence tests yielded an intelligence quotient by comparing one's mental age to one's

chronological age

The pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will most likely result in which of the following?

classical conditioning

Solution by understanding

deeper comprehension of a problem

In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts, impulses, and desires not directly known to a person, are referred to as

dynamic unconscious

Which term describes the brief form of auditory memory

echoic

According to Piaget, which of the following concepts refers to a child's belief that everyone thinks as he or she does?

egocentrism

Which of the following is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making that information more meaningful?

elaborative rehearsal

Which of the following detects weak brain wave signals and records them on a moving sheet of paper or a computer screen?

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Which aspect of memory is substantially impacted by a person's culture

encoding

Which of the following six processes require higher-level processing and are complex?

evaluating and creating

Every time Chung-Hee gets in his car, he presses the brake pedal, starts the ignition, and puts the car in gear. He turns the steering wheel, understands the road signs, and maintains an appropriate speed as he's driving down the road. Chung-Hee's driving ability is an example of

experiential intelligence

To obtain the highest rate of correct responses from a subject, a researcher should use a

fixed ratio schedule

The 2 percent of individuals who score above 130 on IQ tests are usually described as

gifted

Perceptual barriers to problem solving

habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem

People perceive objects or events that have no external reality in a/an

hallucination

Based on the text, an intuitive, associative, or personal thought process would be classified as

illogical

Which term refers to the senses of body movement and positioning?

kinesthetic senses

Which of the following cues is based on the apparent convergence of parallel markings fading into the distance

linear perspective

The average cognitive ability displayed by a person refers to his/her

mental age

Jeremy is thinking about a car he wants to buy. He can see in his "mind's eye" the look of the car from different views. Jeremy is using

mental imagery

The best predictor of a child's intelligence is their

motivation

Which of the following refers to a large bundle of axons?

nerves

There has been pressure on the U.S. entertainment industry to reduce or eliminate depictions of film and television characters who smoke to help reduce the potential negative impact of

observational learning

fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

What are cones in the human visual system

photoreceptors that are sensitive to color

Which of the following are features in artwork that impart information about space, depth, and distance

pictorial depth cues

A therapist who wanted to know which parts of the brain were most active during certain types of activities, such as meditating, would want to see the results of a

positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of

redintegration

Which of the following refers to the electrical charge of an inactive neuron?

resting potential

The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory

retrieval

Photoreceptors for dim light that produce only black and white sensations are called

rods

Which of the following is a prediction that prompts people to act in ways that make the prediction come true?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Judging distance based on your knowledge of how big a distant object is would be an example of

size constancy

What type of learning was Albert Bandura studying

social learning theory & social cognitive theory

Consciously "forgetting" the past experience of dropping your lunch tray in the cafeteria on the first day of high school is an example of

suppression

Which of the following are clusters of flavor-receptor cells on the top edges of the tongue

taste buds

Harmful substances, such as lead, mercury, or drugs like cocaine, that can cause congenital problems in newborns are also called

teratogens

The idea that people process words and mental images together better than they do words alone is known as

the multimedia principle

An operational definition defines a scientific concept by stating

the specific actions or procedures used to measure it.

Which of the following terms refers to the understanding that people have mental states, such as thoughts, beliefs, and intentions, and that other people's mental states can be different from one's own?

theory of mind

Episodic memories can be considered richer than other types of memory because

they enable us to reexperience an event

Which term defines the feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable?

tip of the tongue state

Which one of the following is used to identify the relative impact of heredity and environment on the development of intelligence

twin studies