Psych Final
How does reaction time pertain to intelligence?
. Reaction time indicates a person's speed of processing, which is related to intelligence
Carrie wants to study digestion in dogs, similar to Pavlov's research. She decides to use all the dogs in her apartment complex for her research study, but not inform their owners. Which of the following statements best describes how Carrie violated research guidelines?
Carrie used the neighborhood dogs without their owners' permission. Answers:a. Carrie did not violate any research guidelines
Which of the following is a characteristic of subtractive bilingualism
Children speak the majority language at school, but not at home
Please name and briefly describe the major functions of each of the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal- executive function, motor, language, personality Temporal- auditory and language Parietal- somatosensory Occipital- vision
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning
Getting sick after eating scrambled eggs and then later avoiding scrambled eggs since just looking at them makes you feel sick.
What can we conclude from the finding that children with high IQs tend to do better in school than children with lower IQs
High IQ reveals potential and does not guarantee success.
Using Heuristics
Mental shortcuts that "in general" produce a predictable outcome
Which of the following is the best example of selective attention
Paying attention in a lecture despite your phone vibrating
Hormonal changes promote both physical growth spurt and reproductive maturity during a biological event known as
Puberty
Which of these describes a double-blind study?
Research where neither the observer nor the participants know which treatment was received
Deafness, blindness, or loss of any other sense except smell can be caused by damage to even small areas of the
Thalamus
What is the "Law of effect
That responses accompanied by satisfaction will be repeated, while those which produce unpleasantness or discomfort will be stamped out.
Which one of the following statements best describes the children of authoritative parents?
The children are resilient and develop the strength they need to thrive even in difficult circumstances.
Which of the following is one of the controversies surrounding the use of intelligence tests?
The results of these assignments have been misused regarding differences based on a person's race
Which of the following refers to the presumed hereditary readiness of humans to learn certain skills, such as how to use language or a readiness to behave in particular ways?
a biological predisposition
What are conceptual rules
a checklist used to determine whether something is a member of a concept class
In group problem solving, the tendency of one person's ideas to trigger ideas from others is called
a cross-stimulation effect
With respect to understanding emotions, which one of the following is often indicated by embarrassment
a feeling of shame
What is the best definition of the limbic system
a set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory
Insightful solutions
a sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious
Which of the following is the minimum amount of physical energy that can be detected 50 percent of the time?
absolute threshold
Algorithmic solutions
acheived by following series of step-by-step rules, utilizing Logical thought- inductive and deductive thought
Retrograde amnesia
an inability to retrieve information from one's past
You are trying to get your seven-month-old baby to say the word "ball," but all he can say is "ba-ba-ba" while you point to the ball. Which of the following best describes what he is doing?
babbling
Wilma has a recessive gene for blue eyes and a dominant gene for brown eyes. Which of the following most accurately describes Wilma's potential eye color?
brown
A thin, wrinkled outer covering of the brain in which high-level processes take place is called the
cerebral cortex.
Early intelligence tests yielded an intelligence quotient by comparing one's mental age to one's
chronological age
The pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus will most likely result in which of the following?
classical conditioning
Solution by understanding
deeper comprehension of a problem
In Freudian theory, the parts of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially conflicts, impulses, and desires not directly known to a person, are referred to as
dynamic unconscious
Which term describes the brief form of auditory memory
echoic
According to Piaget, which of the following concepts refers to a child's belief that everyone thinks as he or she does?
egocentrism
Which of the following is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making that information more meaningful?
elaborative rehearsal
Which of the following detects weak brain wave signals and records them on a moving sheet of paper or a computer screen?
electroencephalograph (EEG)
Which aspect of memory is substantially impacted by a person's culture
encoding
Which of the following six processes require higher-level processing and are complex?
evaluating and creating
Every time Chung-Hee gets in his car, he presses the brake pedal, starts the ignition, and puts the car in gear. He turns the steering wheel, understands the road signs, and maintains an appropriate speed as he's driving down the road. Chung-Hee's driving ability is an example of
experiential intelligence
To obtain the highest rate of correct responses from a subject, a researcher should use a
fixed ratio schedule
The 2 percent of individuals who score above 130 on IQ tests are usually described as
gifted
Perceptual barriers to problem solving
habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem
People perceive objects or events that have no external reality in a/an
hallucination
Based on the text, an intuitive, associative, or personal thought process would be classified as
illogical
Which term refers to the senses of body movement and positioning?
kinesthetic senses
Which of the following cues is based on the apparent convergence of parallel markings fading into the distance
linear perspective
The average cognitive ability displayed by a person refers to his/her
mental age
Jeremy is thinking about a car he wants to buy. He can see in his "mind's eye" the look of the car from different views. Jeremy is using
mental imagery
The best predictor of a child's intelligence is their
motivation
Which of the following refers to a large bundle of axons?
nerves
There has been pressure on the U.S. entertainment industry to reduce or eliminate depictions of film and television characters who smoke to help reduce the potential negative impact of
observational learning
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
What are cones in the human visual system
photoreceptors that are sensitive to color
Which of the following are features in artwork that impart information about space, depth, and distance
pictorial depth cues
A therapist who wanted to know which parts of the brain were most active during certain types of activities, such as meditating, would want to see the results of a
positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of
redintegration
Which of the following refers to the electrical charge of an inactive neuron?
resting potential
The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory
retrieval
Photoreceptors for dim light that produce only black and white sensations are called
rods
Which of the following is a prediction that prompts people to act in ways that make the prediction come true?
self-fulfilling prophecy
Judging distance based on your knowledge of how big a distant object is would be an example of
size constancy
What type of learning was Albert Bandura studying
social learning theory & social cognitive theory
Consciously "forgetting" the past experience of dropping your lunch tray in the cafeteria on the first day of high school is an example of
suppression
Which of the following are clusters of flavor-receptor cells on the top edges of the tongue
taste buds
Harmful substances, such as lead, mercury, or drugs like cocaine, that can cause congenital problems in newborns are also called
teratogens
The idea that people process words and mental images together better than they do words alone is known as
the multimedia principle
An operational definition defines a scientific concept by stating
the specific actions or procedures used to measure it.
Which of the following terms refers to the understanding that people have mental states, such as thoughts, beliefs, and intentions, and that other people's mental states can be different from one's own?
theory of mind
Episodic memories can be considered richer than other types of memory because
they enable us to reexperience an event
Which term defines the feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable?
tip of the tongue state
Which one of the following is used to identify the relative impact of heredity and environment on the development of intelligence
twin studies