Chapter 1-3 Review

What general strategies could the coaches at the school implement in an effort to reduce incidence and severity of injury (i.e. injury prevention)

-Instructions for proper skill development and techniques -development and implementation of conditioning programs that are physiologically and developmentally appropriate -Inspection of equipment, facilities, and playing fields/courts to ensure that their use is safe for participation -Evaluation of the status of participants prior to permitting them to engage in activities -Supervision during activities

A high school physical education teacher decides to supplement his income by offering summer sport camps. The camp is open to boys and girls aged 8 to 14 years. The activities will include basketball, soccer, and swimming. -What strategies should the teacher implement to avoid risk of litigation due to a participant sustaining an injury?

-Provide instruction and supervision -Explain to parents the participant's responsibility regarding safety -Make sure that products used at the camp are of quality and are safe -Obtain forms to reduce risk of litigation

A mandate from the Board of Education requires the physical education teachers in middle schools to incorporate 10 min of cardiorespiratory exercise into every P.E. class. - Would you recommend that the physical educator focus on aerobic or anaerobic cardiorespiratory exercise? Why?

Aerobic exercise, this form of cardiorespiratory exercise is used for exercises lasting more than several minutes -- this form of exercise uses oxygen to produce energy --> that means that more energy stores can be used later in the class during physical activity

A 50-year old member of a fitness club advises his personal trainer that he had a "bit of a scare" 2 days earlier. He reports that while doing some yard work, he began to experience tightness in his chest, labored breathing, and dizziness. He went to the emergency room, but after waiting for 2 hours, he found himself feeling better and opted to leave before being seen by a physician. - How should the personal trainer respond to the client? Why?

Encourage the participant to still seek medical attention due to the symptoms listed. However, if the participant declines this ask the participant for an exculpatory waiver. Lastly, Inform the participant of the risks of those symptoms while working out and that they have a degree of responsibility in maintaining their saftey while exercising.

- When is the best time to incorporate flexibility exercises into a high school basketball practice? Why?

The ACSM recommends that stretching exercises be performed a minimum of 2-3 days per week, but more optimally 5-7x per week. Muscles should be stretched when warm, so the best time to stretch would be following exercise

A physical education teacher takes his 7th grade class to an outdoor field for a class on soccer. During play, one of the students inadvertently falls, lands on a broken bottle, and sustains a significant laceration to the forearm. In responding to the student, the teacher notices several broken bottles in the area. -Is the teacher liable for the injury sustained by the student

Yes, the teacher was responsible for identifying foreseeable harm meaning that it was the job of the teacher to recognize the potential for injury and remove that danger before an injury occurs.

What are the responsibilities of a physical education teacher in reducing the incidence of injury during class

-Assessment of the nature and severity of injury -Determination of the appropriate course of action in managing an injury -implementation of the appropriate course of action (e.g., administering basic first aid and initiating an emergency care plan as necessary)

You are self-employed as a fitness/exercise specialist. -Before working with a new client, what information would you provide to , and request from, the individual to reduce the risk of litigation related to injury?

-Inform the participant of the inherent risks of participation -Ask the participant to fill out a: --Preparticipation physical examination form -- the assumption of risk form --informed consent form --exculpatory waiver form (if necessary)

You are the coach of a high school athletic team. -What standard of care and professional conduct should the parents of the athletes expect from you as the first responder during practices and games? -Are you protected by the Good Samaritan Laws?

-You would be expected to conform to the national standards for sport coaches -You would not be covered by the Good Samaritan Laws due to the expectation of action to help an injured player

A member of your high school basketball team was seen by their family physician for an injury sustained during practice. The physician determined that the athlete should not participate in activity for 1 week. After 3 days, the athlete's partent calls you to give approval for their child to play. -How would you respond to this situation

I would explain that if the athlete were to get hurt again, it could be considered comparative negligence and could lead to legal action being taken against both parties if the athlete were to get hurt. I would then remind them of the physicians diagnosis and that their child should not return to practice until after the week is over or until the doctor confirms that the player may return to practice sooner than previously determined.

You are the coaching of a high school soccer team. Following a game, a college coach comes to your office expressing interest in one of the players on the team. -What (if any) medical information would you give the individual?

I would remind the coaches that due to HIPPA I am unable to release any medical information regarding the athlete. Additionally, for athletes younger than 18, parents or legal guardians must provide consent for the dissemination of this information

What instructions would you give your clients regarding their role in ensuring appropriate and quality healthcare on-site?

It is the responsibility of the participant to adhere to prescribed guidelines for their activity -maintaining appropriate level of fitness -performing within the rules or guidelines of an activity -maintaining and wearing safety equipment In the event of injury, participants should know the protocol for reporting an injury and seeking out immediate health care

A high school varsity baseball coach is also a volunteer coaching for an 8 to 10 year old little league baseball team. - Is it advisable for the coach to use the same training techniques for the boys that play the position of pitcher? Explain your response.

No, a high school boy will have a very different physiological make up than an 8-10 year-old boy. That means that the coach should use a training plan more specified to the ages of the athletes rather than assuming that training techniques are one size fits all

A helmet is secured on a student's head but does not fit properly. - Should the instructor permit the student to participate in the class activity? Explain your response.

No, helmets are specifically designed to protect the participant's head from injuries directly correlated with actions related to the sport. Even if the helmet is properly secured if it does not fit appropriately it will not function properly and the participant may still obtain injuries.

- Is it acceptable for a football player to wear pants and shoulder pads that are slightly large and a helmet that doesn't fit snugly even if the player won't get playing time but is still on the team because he is enthusiast and works hard?

No, safety should always come first. Even if the athlete doesn't get playing time and is simply enthusiastic the player is still at risk of getting injured even if it is just by accident. By providing all players with properly fitting gear this will cut down on risk of injuries.

Should the terms "sport medicine" and "athletic training" be used interchangeably?

No. Sports Medicine applies medical and scientific knowledge to prevent, recognize, assess, manage, and rehabilitate injuries or illnesses related to sports, exercises, or recreational activities. -Sports medicine professionals include athletic trainers, team physicians, and.or primary care physicians, orthopedic physicians, physical therapists, etc. Athletic training is a discipline practiced by athletic trainers who work in collaboration with physicians to "optimize activity and participation of clients" -Athletic training is a branch within sports medicine but sports medicine is a much broader term so the two should not be interchanged

Why should the coach of a youth sports team complete a basic athletic training class and maintain current certification in emergency cardiac care

Part of their role is identifying these emergencies and deciding the the appropriate course of action for these situations maintenance3 of proper certifications helps coaches to make these decisions and initiate emergency care plans

A high school basketball coach is concerned about various oral injuries that have occurred on the school's basketball teams. - What rationale can be used to convince the administration to purchase mouthguards for the teams?

Properly fitted across the upper teeth, a mouthguard can absorb energy, disperse impact, cushion contact between the upper lower teeth, and keep the upper lip away from incisal edges of teeth. This significantly reduces dental and oral soft-tissue injuries, and to a lesser extent jaw fractures, cerebral concussion, and temporomandibular joint injuries

A middle-age female client at the fitness facility requests advice concerning the purchase of running shoes. She reveals that her orthopedic physician has diagnosed her with high arches. - What guidelines should be suggested to this individual regarding shoe fit and construction (i.e., sole, midsole, heel, toebox)?

Shoes should adequately cushion impact forces and support and guide the foot during the stance and final push-off phase of running. In activities requiring repeated heel impact, additional heel cushioning should be present. Length should be sufficient to allow all toes to be fully extended. Individuals with toe abnormalities or bunions also may require a wider toe box.

An elementary school physical education teacher has the gymnasium set up with a variety of learning stations that include balance beams, climbing apparatus, ropes, floor scooters, etc. Because the set up is complex and the unit lasts for 2 weeks, the stations must be left in place throughout the school day. - What strategies would the physical education teacher use to reduce the injury during class? - What strategies should the physical education teacher use to reduce the risk of injury between class periods and when the gymnasium is not in use by classes?

The educator should use proper equipment and take steps for proper risk management -- this includes proper instruction and supervision Between classes the educator should lock the doors to the gym or some other method to make sure students don't have access to the other equipment within the gymnasium.

Why is the team approach to healthcare delivery preferable to a traditional doctor-to-patient approach to ensure quality healthcare for particpants in sports and physical activities

The team approach allows for a comprehensive prevention assessment and management of an injury or illness as it taps the expertise of individual specialists working in conjunction with one another and the patient -- allows for more perspectives