Organizational Behavior Ch 1-4

Employees from cultures with a high power distance are more likely to encourage consensus-oriented decision making. readily accept the high status of other people in an organization. use their existing power to gain more power. avoid people in positions of power.

readily accept the high status of other people in an organization.

A firm has good associations with its customers, suppliers, and others who provide added mutual value for the firm. Name the form of intellectual capital that is possessed by the firm due to its good associations. structural capital knowledge capital relationship capital human capital

relationship capital

Joseph and Cal were at a loud tailgating party, but they were able to continue their conversation in spite of the noise around them. This is an example of behavior modification. selective attention. halo effect. stereotyping.

selective attention.

Joanie is an engineer at an architectural firm. Despite just joining the firm, she believes she can do almost anything and always maintains a "can do" attitude. Joanie has high self-transcendence. self-verification. social-selflessness. self-efficacy.

self-efficacy.

Joanie is an engineer at an architectural firm. She is very skilled at her job and confident in that fact. Joanie always attributes her successes to her high level of personal motivation. However, when she makes a mistake, she tends to blame the situation. Joanie is demonstrating self-verification. self-transcendence. self-enhancement. self-centering.

self-enhancement.

People are inherently motivated to perceive themselves (and be perceived by others) as above average in important ways, such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and valuable. This is known as self-concept. self-enhancement. self-verification. self-esteem.

self-enhancement.

The extent to which people like, respect, and are satisfied with themselves is known as self-enhancement. self-esteem. self-verification. self-concept.

self-esteem.

Lance describes himself as a New Yorker, a life-long Yankees fan, a Columbia University grad, and a struggling actor. This is Lance's social identity. social enhancement. self-identity. self-verification.

self-identity.

Sandra volunteered to perform and summarize the math calculations for the group project rather than present the information in class, because she said, "I've always been nervous and tongue tied in front of a group." Her friends assured her that she was a fine public speaker. Sandra is seeking self-enhancement. self-concept. self-verification. self-esteem.

self-verification

Which of the following is external to an individual but still affects his or her behavior and performance? role perceptions abilities situational factors Motivations

situational factors

Which discipline has provided organizational behavior with much of its theoretical foundation for team dynamics, organizational power, and organizational socialization? industrial engineering sociology economics psychology

sociology

Amy has a high level of emotional intelligence; therefore it is likely that she is better at all of the following EXCEPT job interviews. being an effective team member. jobs requiring emotional labor. working without social interaction.

working without social interaction.

________ refers to the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad. Multicultural team Legal obligation Ethics Performance orientation

Ethics

Which of the following illustrates the first step in the self-fulfilling prophecy? A supervisor forms expectations about an employee. A supervisor attributes an employee's good performance to external causes. An employee behaves in a way consistent with a supervisor's expectations. A supervisor treats an employee in a manner consistent with the supervisor's expectations.

A supervisor forms expectations about an employee.

Which of the following acronyms represents the "Big Five" personality dimensions? VALUE SMART CANOE MARSE

CANOE

________ is the extent to which one values his or her duty to groups to which he or she belongs to and group harmony. Power distance Achievement orientation Individualism Collectivism

Collectivism

________ refers to understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts, and situations of others. Primacy effect Empathy Apathy Recency effect

Empathy

Which of the following statements is TRUE about human capital in an organization? Human capital helps the organization use opportunities more than realizing them. Human capital is independent of the challenges of the external environment. Human capital is a key variable according to the high-performance work practices (HPWPs) perspective. Human capital is non-substitutable, though it is abundant.

Human capital is a key variable according to the high-performance work practices (HPWPs) perspective.

________ represents the forces within a person that affect his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. Norm Ethics Personality Motivation

Motivation

Jung's psychological types are measured through the locus of control scale. "Big Five" personality scale. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). instrument that also measures neuroticism.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Which of the following is TRUE according to the systematic research anchor? OB topics typically relate to the individual, team, and organizational levels of analysis. OB should import knowledge from other disciplines, not just create its own knowledge. OB should study organizations by forming research questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data. OB theory should recognize that the effects of actions often vary with the situation.

OB should study organizations by forming research questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

________ is the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize a person, along with the psychological processes behind those characteristics. Locus of control Personality Motivation Norm

Personality

Maya got a job transfer from Italy to New York. After working for some time in New York, she started to understand the mental models held by her colleagues from other cultures, as well as their emotional experiences in a given situation. Furthermore, she started to effectively use words and behaviors that were compatible with the local culture of New York. Which of the following features of a global mindset occurred in Maya's life? The capacity to judge the competence of others by their national or ethnic origins. The ability to develop more of a parochial than a global frame of reference about their business. The capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures. The ability to process complex information about familiar environments.

The capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures.

What is an effect of emotions? They help us to achieve conscious logical reasoning. They enable us to have established perceptions about an attitude object. They represent a cluster of beliefs and behavioral intentions toward a person. They put us into a state of readiness.

They put us into a state of readiness.

________ is the degree to which people either tolerate ambiguity or feel threatened by ambiguity. Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Collectivism Individualism

Uncertainty avoidance

Human capital includes the value derived from an organization's relationships with customers, suppliers, and others. knowledge embedded in an organization's systems and structures. amount of outputs relative to the inputs in an organization. abilities among employees that provide economic value to an organization.

abilities among employees that provide economic value to an organization.

Being good-natured, trusting, considerate, and flexible are characteristics of people with ________ as a personality trait. locus of control openness to experience agreeableness extraversion

agreeableness

When Corinne took a word processing class, she found that she could type faster than anyone else in her class. This demonstrates a(n) ________ that Corinne has. situational factor trait attribute aptitude

aptitude

Which of the following refers to the natural talents that help employees learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better? aptitude intensity persistence direction

aptitude

People who have high moral sensitivity are more likely to know when unethical behavior occurs. are individualistic and achievement oriented. tend to have lower levels of empathy. are always more ethical than people with a moderate or low level of ethical sensitivity.

are more likely to know when unethical behavior occurs

Employees, suppliers, and governments are excluded from the open systems anchor. represent the three levels of analysis in organizational behavior. are organizational stakeholders. are rarely considered in organizational behavior theories.

are organizational stakeholders.

As soon as we receive sensory information, our brain tags the incoming sensory information with emotional markers. These markers are behavioral intentions formed based on an individual's beliefs. calculated feelings of a particular attitude or emotion. automatic and nonconscious emotional responses. calculated feelings about an individual or incident.

automatic and nonconscious emotional responses.

The ________ area in the Johari Window refers to information that is known to others but not to you. blind unknown feedback hidden

blind

LuAnn works for New Ideas Ad Agency, and was just assigned to an advertising project for a cigarette promotion. LuAnn's father, a heavy smoker for years, died last year from heart disease. She feels strongly about the health risks associated with smoking, but LuAnn was recently promoted to her dream job and wants to showcase her skills to management. What is LuAnn experiencing? buyer's remorse neuroticism cognitive dissonance emotional instability

cognitive dissonance

Marge really hated dealing with crabby customers, but she put a smile on her face when she was behind the customer service desk and treated everyone the same. The uncomfortable tension Marge felt when her behavior and attitudes were inconsistent with each other is called cognitive distance. cognitive justification. cognitive dissonance. emotional intelligence.

cognitive dissonance.

Emotional labor is higher in jobs that require frequent interaction with clients. working in isolation. working in irregular shifts. limited hours of routine work.

frequent interaction with clients.

Tim, a manager of a store, believes that his employee, James, is lazy and never comes to work on time. He reached this conclusion after seeing James arrive late on a day a meeting was scheduled, even though James had never been late before. This is an example of confirmation bias. a self-fulfilling prophecy. the prophecy effect. the primacy effect.

confirmation bias.

Which of the following Big Five personality dimensions is the most valuable for predicting proficient job performance? openness to experience tolerance extraversion conscientiousness

conscientiousness

Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity? organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) productive behavior counterproductive work behavior (CWB) task performance

counterproductive work behavior (CWB)

People reduce cognitive dissonance by seeking out the negative aspects of a decision and highlighting them. developing more favorable attitudes toward specific features of a decision. reversing the decision that caused the dissonance. pretending there were no alternatives to the decision.

developing more favorable attitudes toward specific features of a decision.

Emotions in the workplace are internal feelings that are hidden from others. directed toward someone or something. physiological actions rather than behavioral actions. also referred to as moods of individuals.

directed toward someone or something.

Customer service representatives (CSRs) often conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer. This behavior from the CSRs is an example of emotional labor. cognitive dissonance. cognitive response. judgmental evaluation.

emotional labor.

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has noticed that when dealing with Americans, their emotions tend to run higher in stressful situations, as opposed to Austrian passengers who tend to be more reserved in stressful or unhappy situations, and she often feels frustrated. Susan's job requires a high amount of forward thinking. financial rewards. emotional labor. intense emotions.

emotional labor.

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has noticed that when dealing with Americans, their emotions tend to run higher in stressful situations, as opposed to Austrian passengers who tend to be more reserved in stressful or unhappy situations, and she often feels frustrated. If Susan wants to reduce the amount of psychological damage caused by the emotional dissonance her job creates, she should engage in deep acting. engage in surface acting. take acting lessons. see a psychologist.

engage in deep acting.

Alex and Jorge are both employees at a shoe manufacturing plant. They discuss their feelings of dissatisfaction because of a new supervisor who has been a cause of stress at the workplace. Alex says that he has applied for a transfer to another shift in order to deal with this issue. Jorge says that he is going to talk to the department head about the issue and get it resolved. According to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model, in which of the following ways is Alex responding to his dissatisfaction? neglect voice loyalty exit

exit

Which of the following reflects the difference between emotions and attitudes? experiencing something versus judging something knowing about something versus doing something perceiving something versus behaving toward something eating something versus drinking something

experiencing something versus judging something

Anya decided it was okay to borrow her roommate's clothes without asking because she said her roommate wouldn't mind; after all, she wouldn't care if her roommate borrowed her clothes. What perceptual error is Anya demonstrating? recency effect self-serving bias false-consensus effect self-fulfilling prophecy

false-consensus effect

Which of the following represents one's conscious evaluations of an attitude object? senses intentions behaviors feelings

feelings

Scenario: Kleen Waterproofing Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, receives a high number of customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave hires several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave wonders how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what he can do to improve the situation. According to the MARS model, the new employees Dave hires are likely to emphasize the utilitarianism principle in their decision making. have better job performance because they are motivated and able to perform the work. have above-average organizational citizenship. have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions.

have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions.

Presenteeism tends to occur when employees have financial buffers. have many people dependent on their job performance. experience high job security and job satisfaction. lack sick leave pay.

have many people dependent on their job performance.

An organization is in the process of hiring sales professionals, who are expected to meet the weekly target of at least 25 sales per week. For this role, the organization is most likely to choose candidates with high neuroticism. low conscientiousness. high extraversion. high introversion.

high extraversion.

People who value their independence and personal uniqueness have low uncertainty avoidance. high power distance. high collectivism. high individualism.

high individualism.

Jack has worked for Widgets, Inc. for 35 years, and he is the only employee who can decipher the old coding on products in the warehouse before computerization took place. Due to the economic downturn, Jack was forced into early retirement. What type of knowledge will Widgets lose? structural capital internal capital human capital relationship capital

human capital

Organizational behavior knowledge accurately predicts how anyone will behave in any situation. improves our ability to predict and anticipate future workplace events, and why they occur. is more appropriate for people who work in computer science than in marketing. originates mainly from models developed in chemistry and other natural sciences.

improves our ability to predict and anticipate future workplace events, and why they occur.

Which ethical principle reflects the idea that people have natural rights that let them act in a certain way? utilitarianism moral intensity distributive justice individual rights

individual rights

Americans tend to have high power distance. long-term orientation. collectivist tendencies. individualism.

individualism

It is difficult to prevent the activation of stereotypes because of the halo effect. it is an automatic and nonconscious process. we are unable to minimize the application of stereotypic information. of the primacy effect.

it is an automatic and nonconscious process.

Mountaintop University performs a daily computer search through newspaper articles to identify any articles about the university or its faculty members. University administrators use this information to receive feedback about how the public reacts to university activities. In the context of organizational learning processes, searching for newspaper articles and other external writing about the organization is mainly a form of knowledge drafting. knowledge sharing. knowledge acquisition. organizational unlearning.

knowledge sharing.

Mental models are ________ that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us. self-fulfilling prophecies knowledge structures stereotypes forms of punishment

knowledge structures

Someone with an external locus of control would most likely believe events in his or her life are due mainly to a lack of motivation. lucky streaks. personal choices. themselves.

lucky streaks.

Which of the following is a competency representing the highest level of emotional intelligence? understanding the meaning of one's own emotions managing dysfunctional emotions among staff perceiving emotions of other people being more sensitive to subtle emotional responses

managing dysfunctional emotions among staff

The highest level of emotional intelligence is being aware of other people's emotions. being aware of one's own emotions. managing one's own emotions. managing other people's emotions.

managing other people's emotions.

Scenario: Electronika International Electronika International is a fast-growing small company specializing in consumer electronics. Managers at Electronika International are exploring the idea of using the "Big Five" personality dimensions in hiring and improving work-related behaviors and job performance. Electronika managers must pay attention to the ________ personality dimension when hiring new employees because it characterizes people with high levels of anxiety, hostility, depression, and self-consciousness. openness-to-experience neuroticism conscientiousness extraversion

neuroticism

ACME Software Inc. continuously collects feedback from its existing customers and implements them as bug fixes and new features in the latest versions of their software. This strategy relates most closely with which of the following concepts? virtual teams open systems contingency anchor grounded theory

open systems

Organizational behavior views organizations as non-systems. open systems. a single unitary subsystem. closed systems.

open systems

Eric is the advertising head of a firm. He is extremely imaginative, creative, and curious. Which of the Big Five personality dimensions does Eric possess? resistance to change cautiousness neuroticism openness to experience

openness to experience

Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting one's work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy toward coworkers are some of the forms of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). role perception. task performance. organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

The statement "First impressions are lasting impressions" best represents the self-fulfilling prophecy. projection bias. recency effect. primacy effect.

primacy effect

One of the limitations of the individual rights principle is it does not protect the right to physical security and freedom of speech of employees. it really is not an ethical principle at all. it is almost impossible to evaluate the benefits or costs of decisions when many stakeholders are affected. some individual rights conflict with other individual rights.

some individual rights conflict with other individual rights.

Fred believes that women have difficulty coping with the stress of executive decisions. Ananya is promoted into a senior management position, and Fred soon complains that Ananya won't be able to cope with this job. Fred is exhibiting which of the following perceptual errors? halo error projection bias attribution error stereotyping

stereotyping

If you form a general negative impression of a person based on one prominent characteristic, and it affects your perception of other characteristics of that person, it is called the halo effect. a projection bias. a self-serving bias. selective attention.

the halo effect.

Ali was having a disagreement with his co-owner, Belinda. Ali felt that they should give smaller bonuses to more people instead of large bonuses to a few. Which ethical principle does Ali adhere to? utilitarianism self-enhancement conservation power distance

utilitarianism

Misha works for a company as a financial analyst from home using information technology. He does not work in a traditional physical workplace. This trend is known as virtual work. deep-level diversity. contract work. surface-level diversity.

virtual work.

Deep acting involves visualizing reality differently and producing emotions to match the requirements. using real emotions to handle difficult customers. ignoring customer needs and acting for a company's benefit. basing one's behavior on customer interactions.

visualizing reality differently and producing emotions to match the requirements.

Emotional dissonance occurs when we experience conflict between the required emotions and our true emotions. we work with someone who has high emotional intelligence. job satisfaction is at the same level as organizational commitment. there are no known emotional display rules for a particular situation.

we experience conflict between the required emotions and our true emotions.