Organizational Behavior: Chapter 2

For an organization to have a strong culture, core values must be all of the following except:

Ethical

All of the following are secondary dimensions of diversity except:

Ethnicity

Organizational culture has been defined simply as how employees perceive the organization.

False

A society's values have an impact on most organizational values because of the interactive nature of work, leisure, family, and community.

True

According to Schein's model, "artifacts and creations" may be visible but are often not decipherable.

True

According to Schein's three-layer organizational model, visible and audible behavior patterns are considered visible but often undecipherable.

True

Myths are tales about the organization that are passed down over time and communicate a story of the organization's underlying values.

True

Satisfaction and turnover are typically associated with successful socialization activities.

True

Most mentor-mentee relationships develop over time, and there appear to be several distinct phases of these relationships. These phases include all of the following except __________.

divorce

According to Schein, organizational culture is a pattern of basic assumptions __________ by a group

All of the above

Because organizational culture involves shared expectations, values, and attitudes, it exerts influence on _________________.

All of the above

Definitions of organizational culture include which of the following?

All of the above

In work organizations, a mentor can provide ______________.

All of the above

Spirituality is said to provide feelings connectedness. This connectedness can be to _________.

All of the above

The organization's primary activity (activities) during the first stage of socialization is (are) ___________ programs.

All of the above

The socialization process occurs ___________.

All of the above

Culture _______________.

Both A and B

Methods to create a cohesive culture include fostering _________.

Both A and B

The benefits of spirituality include: ____________.

Both A and B

Which of the following is not one of the four major activities that constitute the accommodation stage of socialization?

Defining the organizational structure in terms of self.

"Values" are the unconscious desires of people that guide their behavior.

False

Because organizational culture involves shared expectations, values, and attitudes, it exerts influence only on organizational processes.

False

Behavioral compliance typically indicates cultural commitment.

False

Cultivation is the process by which organizations bring new employees into the culture.

False

Diversity has been defined simply as the vast array of cultural differences that constitute the spectrum of human attributes.

False

Globalization is making understanding "diversity" less important as working with people from other cultures is common place.

False

Motivation and high performance are typically associated with successful socialization activities.

False

Organizations always have a dominant type of culture.

False

Researchers, who have suggested and studied the impact of culture on employees, indicate that it provides and encourages a form of volatility.

False

Satisfaction and high performance are associated with socialization activities.

False

Smith and Rayment define spirituality as the state or experience that can provide organizations with direction or meaning, or provide feelings of understanding, support, inner wholeness, or connectedness.

False

Socialization is a pattern of assumptions that are invented, discovered, or developed to learn to cope with organizational life.

False

Socialization processes are very similar in form and content from organization to organization.

False

Teams, divisions, and units always have their own subculture.

False

The accommodation stage of socialization occurs before the individual becomes a member of the organization.

False

The presence of a dominant culture precludes the existence of subcultures.

False

The primary purpose of activities associated with the acclimation stage of socialization is to acquire information about the new organization and/or new job.

False

Within the accommodation stage of socialization, assigning autocratic bosses is a practice that seems to have considerable promise for increasing the retention rate of new employees.

False

Innovation, creativity, risk taking, and aggressively seeking opportunities illustrate a ____________ culture.

None of the above

The text identifies the ________ culture as generally undesirable.

None of the above

Edgar Schein suggests an organization's culture has three layers. These layers include all of the following except:

Political or religious affiliations

Which of the following has not been identified as one of the activities associated with effective accommodation socialization?

Providing effective mentoring

________ are recurring events or activities that reflect important aspects of the underlying culture.

Rituals

Conflict typically occurs at this stage of socialization.

Role management

___________ involves a transmittal of values, assumptions, and attitudes from older to newer employees.

Socialization

_________ is a state or experience that can provide individuals with direction or meaning, or provide feelings of understanding, support, inner wholeness, or connectedness.

Spirituality

A common theme in the literature is that cultures are typically so elusive and hidden that they cannot be adequately diagnosed, managed, or changed.

True

Because organizational culture involves shared expectations, values, and attitudes, it exerts influence on individuals, groups, and organizational processes.

True

Four major activities constitute the accommodation stage of socialization: all individuals, to a degree, must engage in (1) establishing new interpersonal relationships with both co-workers and managers, (2) learning the tasks required to perform the job, (3) clarifying their role in the organization and in the formal and informal groups relevant to that role, and (4) evaluating the progress they are making toward satisfying the demands of the job and the role.

True

One of the benefits of mentoring is the strengthening of the organization's culture.

True

Research indicates one of the benefits of spirituality is improved organizational effectiveness.

True

The more employees share and accept a culture's core values, the stronger the culture is.

True

__________ are defined as the conscious, affective desires or wants of people that guide their behavior.

Values

Pat is attempting to establish an organization that emphasizes rules, policies, procedures, chain of command, and centralized decision making. This organization is best described as having _________________.

a bureaucratic culture

"Structuring training programs" is part of the ________ stage of socialization.

accommodation

During the _________ stage of socialization, the individual sees the organization and the job for what they actually are.

accommodation

Individuals who experience realism and congruence during the anticipatory stage have a less stressful ________.

accommodation stage of socialization

Innovation, creativity, risk taking, and aggressively seeking opportunities illustrate ____________________ culture.

an entrepreneurial

The primary purpose of the activities associated with the ________ stage of socialization is to acquire information about the new organization and/or new job.

anticipatory socialization

The three stages of socialization have been identified as: _________________.

anticipatory socialization, accommodation, and role management

A stable control orientation and an internal focus of attention is associates with a(n) ____________ culture.

bureaucratic

The military and government agencies are examples of a(n) ________ culture.

bureaucratic

Pat's organization has an external orientation. Which of the following forms of organizational culture is most likely not present at that firm?

bureaucratic culture

The text presents a typology of culture which identifies four distinct types of cultures. These culture types are: ___________.

bureaucratic, clan, entrepreneurial, and market

In a study on cross-gender mentoring found that male-female mentor matchings ________ female-female mentoring.

can be as successful as

A flexible control orientation and an internal focus of attention is associated with a(n) ____________ culture.

clan

The text provides several cultural change intervention points. These intervention points include _________.

cultural evolution and learning

A flexible control orientation and an external focus of attention are associated with a(n) ____________ culture.

entrepreneurial

Innovation, creativity, risk taking, and aggressively seeking opportunities illustrate a(n) ___________ culture.

entrepreneurial

Secondary dimensions of diversity include all of the following except ___________.

ethnicity

Four major activities constitute the accommodation stage. These activities include all of the following except __________.

evaluating organizational performance

Schein's organizational model ___________.

features layers of organizational culture

One of the most effective ways of changing people's beliefs and values is to _________.

first change their behavior

The three stages of socialization ___________.

may occur simultaneously

On critique of a focus on spirituality is that it may __________________.

mean not being able to embrace the diversity of beliefs held by employees and stakeholders

A feeling of stability, as well as a sense of organizational identity, may be provided by _______________.

organizational culture

Core dimensions of diversity include: __________.

sexual/affectional orientation

Researchers who have studied the impact of culture on employees indicate that it provides and encourages a form of ____________________.

stability

Some instances of _________ enhance the dominant culture, while in other cases they may have the opposite effect and actually constitute a counterculture.

subcultures

Within Schein's organizational model, "basic assumptions" are __________.

taken for granted, invisible, preconscious

If the person-culture alignment becomes overly stressful, it will probably result eventually in _____________.

the employee leaving the organization

The use of organizational culture as a perspective from which to understand the behavior of individuals and groups within organizations has been limited due to ____________.

there being multiple definitions of organizational culture

Within Schein's organizational model, "artifacts and creations" are __________.

visible but often not decipherable

Organizational culture has been defined as _________.

what the employee perceives and how this perception creates a pattern of believes, values, and expectations