Organizational Behavior Midterm

___________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance

A) Attitude

Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions? A) Emotions are short-lived feeling experiences. B) Emotions last for a longer time period than moods. C) Emotions are never action-oriented in nature. D) Emotions lack a contextual stimulus. E) Emotions involve less intense feelings than moods.

A) Emotions are short-lived feeling experiences.

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes _____________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

A) cognitive

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills

A) human skills

According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing

A) networking

Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company asking her to study the behavior of a colleague, Cindy Camp, including her attention toward her work, without Camp's knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize Camp's behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient attention to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting? A) observer-ratings survey B) informational interview C) knowledge survey D) participant observation E) focus group survey

A) observer-ratings survey

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23 year old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45 year old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside of her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Josephine? A) social-belongingness B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety-security

A) social-belongingness

Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator

A.) Leader

What is the major problem with the MBTI as a measure of personality? A) It has an excess of classifications, which tends to confuse a person. B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another. C) It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types. D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits. E) It indicates results related exclusively to job performance.

B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's performance. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.

B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's performance.

Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her Masters program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.

B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.

Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.

B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.

McClelland's theory is based on which of the following needs? A) stability, growth, and security B) achievement, power, and affiliation C) self-actualization, stability, and safety-security D) hygiene, control, and security E) control, status, and self-actualization

B) achievement, power, and affiliation

The ____________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort. A) direction B) persistence C) intensity D) knowledge E) experience

B) persistence

Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality? A) in-depth interviews B) self-report surveys C) career portfolio D) reference interviews E) stress interviews

B) self-report surveys

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of autonomy in the job characteristics model? A) the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his performance. B) the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out. C) the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people. D) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. E) the degree to which a job affects the lives or work of other people.

B) the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a __________. A.) Leader B.) Figurehead C.) Resource allocator D.) negotiator E.) Disturbance handler

B.) Figurehead

Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion? A) It is more intense than emotions. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It is prolonged in nature. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is indicated by a facial expression.

C) It is prolonged in nature.

Which of the following is true about personality assessments used in organizations? A) Personality assessments are used by approximately 10 percent of all large U.S. companies. B) Personality assessments have been decreasingly used in diverse organizational settings. C) Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings. D) Personality assessments have become increasingly expensive and thus, have slightly lost favor. E) Personality assessments are used by approximately 25 percent of all large U.S. companies.

C) Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23 year old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45 year old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside of her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna? A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety-security

C) physiological

Adam Sears is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues, Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam? A) Adam's job has high task complexity. B) Adam's job has a high span of control. C) Adam's job has low role definition. D) Adam's job has low task identity. E) Adam's job has high task significance.

D) Adam's job has low task identity.

_______________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days. A) Emotions B) Feelings C) Perceptions D) Moods E) Reactions

D) Moods

Sonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working for them for almost two years now. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.

D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products.

According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. B) a job generates direct and clear information about performance. C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling work and determining its procedure. D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people. E) a job requires a variety of different activities.

D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people.

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance

D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23 year old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45 year old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside of her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan? A) social-belongingness B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) safety-security

D) self-actualization

Samantha Barnes is an emergency medical technician. Recently, during an emergency call, she was able to resuscitate a man who had a cardiac arrest. Subsequently, she spent some time calming the 12-year-old daughter of the patient and looked after her till the rest of the patient's family arrived at the hospital. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Samantha's job is high in ________. A) task identity B) feedback C) extrinsic rewards D) task significance E) job rotation

D) task significance

According to the two-factor theory, ________. A) there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant B) most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it C) employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction E) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction

_____________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. A) Leadership B) Management C) Learning D) Emotional labor E) Motivation

E) Motivation

According to Herzberg, when _____________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied. A) achievement needs B) affiliation needs C) motivational factors D) power needs E) hygiene factors

E) hygiene factors

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility

E) incompatibility

The ______________ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory. A) hierarchy of needs B) goal-setting C) self-determination D) cognitive evaluation E) two-factor

E) two-factor

John Dunker is one of the best firefighters in his squad, and he recently received an award for his outstanding performance. From this information, it may be concluded that John's job has low task significance.

False

On an organizational level, job design and the extrinsic rewards of pay and benefits are the only ways to motivate employees.

False

Feedback is the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about one's own performance.

True

Jobs with high autonomy give workers a feeling of personal responsibility for the results.

True

Research suggests that financial incentives may be more motivating in the short-run, but in the long-run, non-financial incentives work best.

True