Organizational Behavior (OB) | Chapter 5 - Motivation Theories (Multiple Choice Questions)

Which goals tend to be more motivating? (a) challenging goals (b) easy goals (c) general goals (d) no goals

(a) challenging goals

Motivation is defined as the level and persistence of ____________. (a) effort (b) performance (c) need satisfaction (d) performance instrumentalities

(a) effort

Expectancy theory posits that ____________. (a) motivation is a result of rational calculation (b) work expectancies are irrelevant (c) need satisfaction is critical (d) valence is the probability that a given level of task performance will lead to various work outcomes.

(a) motivation is a result of rational calculation

In equity theory, the ____________ is a key issue. (a) social comparison of rewards and efforts (b) equality of rewards (c) equality of efforts (d) absolute value of rewards

(a) social comparison of rewards and efforts

A process theory of motivation is most likely to focus on ____________. (a) frustration-regression (b) expectancies regarding work outcomes (c) lower-order needs (d) higher-order needs

(b) expectancies regarding work outcomes

In expectancy theory, ____________ is the probability that a given level of performance will lead to a particular work outcome. (a) expectancy (b) instrumentality (c) motivation (d) valence

(b) instrumentality

The MBO process emphasizes ____________ as a way of building worker commitment to goal accomplishment. (a) authority (b) joint goal setting (c) infrequent feedback (d) rewards

(b) joint goal setting

In equity motivation theory, felt negative inequity ____________. (a) is not a motivating state (b) is a stronger motivating state than felt positive inequity (c) can be as strong a motivating state as felt positive inequity (d) does not operate as a motivating state

(c) can be as strong a motivating state as felt positive inequity

A manager's failure to enforce a late-to-work policy the same way for all employees is a violation of ____________ justice. (a) interactional (b) moral (c) distributive (d) procedural

(c) distributive

In Herzberg's two-factor theory ____________ factors are found in job context. (a) motivator (b) satisfier (c) hygiene (d) enrichment

(c) hygiene

In Alderfer's ERG theory, the ____________ needs best correspond with Maslow's higher-order needs of esteem and self-actualization. (a) existence (b) relatedness (c) recognition (d) growth

(d) growth

A content theory of motivation is most likely to focus on ____________. (a) organizational justice (b) instrumentalities (c) equities (d) individual needs

(d) individual needs

According to McClelland, a person high in need achievement will be ____________. (a) guaranteed success in top management (b) motivated to control and influence other people (c) motivated by teamwork and collective responsibility (d) motivated by challenging but achievable goals

(d) motivated by challenging but achievable goals

Improvements in job satisfaction are most likely under Herzberg's two-factor theory when ____________ are improved. (a) working conditions (b) base salary (c) co-worker relationships (d) opportunities for responsibility

(d) opportunities for responsibility

In expectancy theory, ____________ is the perceived value of a reward. (a) expectancy (b) instrumentality (c) motivation (d) valence

(d) valence