Organizational Management Test #2: TRUST, JUSTICE, ETHICS

Cognitive Moral Development Theory

Argues that as people age and mature, they move through several stages of moral development --- each more mature and sophisticated than the other one

Distributive Justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, informational justice

What are the four dimensions that the fairness of an authority's decision making can be judged upon?

Pre-conventional Stage

What stage do people begin their moral development

Principled (or post conventional stage)

What stage do the most sophisticated moral thinkers reach

Conventional Stage

What stage does moral judgment reach as people mature

Trust Propensity

A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon Relatively high in the US

Moral Attentiveness

Captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences

Moral Intensity

Captures the degree to which the issue has ethical urgency

Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice

Combine to influence employee reactions

Voice

Concerns giving employees a chance to express their opinions and views during the course of decision making

Benevolence

Defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives

Trustworthiness

Defined as the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust

Integrity

Defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable

Abusive Supervision

Defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact

Trust

Defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions

Consistency, Bias Suppression, Representativeness, and Accuracy

Help ensure that procedures are neutral and objective, as opposed to biased and discriminatory

Justification Rule

Mandates that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner

Affect-based trust

Means that it depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment Often more emotional than rational

Cognition-Based Trust

Means that trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness

Disposition-Based Trust

Means that your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others Has less to do with authority and more to do with the trustor

Moral Awareness

Occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance

Whistle-blowing

Occurs when employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their employer

Dispostion Cognition Affect

Order of most relationships to least relationships for trust level in relationships

Corporate Social Responsibility

Perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society

Respect Rule

Pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner

Ethics

Seek to explain why people behave in a manner consistent with generally accepted norms of morality, and why they sometimes violate these norms

Correctability

Provides employees with a chance to request an appeal when a procedure seems to have worked ineffectively

Moral Intent

Reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action

Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making

Distributive Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes

Procedural Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes Fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process

Informational Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities

Interpersonal Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities

Moral Judgement

Reflects the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical

Reputation

Reflects the province of it's brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of it's goods and services

Propriety Rule

Reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks

Social Exchange

Relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long-term in their repayment schedule

Economic Exchange

Relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid promo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule

Truthfulness Rule

Requires that those communications be honest and candid

Moral Identity

The degree to which a person self identifies as a moral person

Ethics

The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms

Positive and Positive

Trust has a moderate _______ relationship with job performance and a strong _________ relationship with organization commitment

Ability, Benevolence, and integrity

Trustworthiness is judged along three dimensions. What are they?