Organizational Management Test #2: TRUST, JUSTICE, ETHICS
Cognitive Moral Development Theory
Argues that as people age and mature, they move through several stages of moral development --- each more mature and sophisticated than the other one
Distributive Justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, informational justice
What are the four dimensions that the fairness of an authority's decision making can be judged upon?
Pre-conventional Stage
What stage do people begin their moral development
Principled (or post conventional stage)
What stage do the most sophisticated moral thinkers reach
Conventional Stage
What stage does moral judgment reach as people mature
Trust Propensity
A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon Relatively high in the US
Moral Attentiveness
Captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences
Moral Intensity
Captures the degree to which the issue has ethical urgency
Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice
Combine to influence employee reactions
Voice
Concerns giving employees a chance to express their opinions and views during the course of decision making
Benevolence
Defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives
Trustworthiness
Defined as the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust
Integrity
Defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable
Abusive Supervision
Defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact
Trust
Defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions
Consistency, Bias Suppression, Representativeness, and Accuracy
Help ensure that procedures are neutral and objective, as opposed to biased and discriminatory
Justification Rule
Mandates that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner
Affect-based trust
Means that it depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment Often more emotional than rational
Cognition-Based Trust
Means that trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness
Disposition-Based Trust
Means that your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others Has less to do with authority and more to do with the trustor
Moral Awareness
Occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance
Whistle-blowing
Occurs when employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their employer
Dispostion Cognition Affect
Order of most relationships to least relationships for trust level in relationships
Corporate Social Responsibility
Perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society
Respect Rule
Pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner
Ethics
Seek to explain why people behave in a manner consistent with generally accepted norms of morality, and why they sometimes violate these norms
Correctability
Provides employees with a chance to request an appeal when a procedure seems to have worked ineffectively
Moral Intent
Reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action
Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making
Distributive Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes
Procedural Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes Fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process
Informational Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities
Interpersonal Justice
Reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities
Moral Judgement
Reflects the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical
Reputation
Reflects the province of it's brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of it's goods and services
Propriety Rule
Reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks
Social Exchange
Relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long-term in their repayment schedule
Economic Exchange
Relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid promo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule
Truthfulness Rule
Requires that those communications be honest and candid
Moral Identity
The degree to which a person self identifies as a moral person
Ethics
The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms
Positive and Positive
Trust has a moderate _______ relationship with job performance and a strong _________ relationship with organization commitment
Ability, Benevolence, and integrity
Trustworthiness is judged along three dimensions. What are they?