Osteology
calcitonin
decreases blood calcium levels
hyaline cartilage
dense connective tissue
functions of osteocytes
deposit bone, reabsorb bone, sense strains
hydroxyapatite
85% of inorganic matter in bone matrix, is a crystallized calcium phosphate salt
osteoblast
bone forming cells
another name for perforating canals
Volksmann canals
epiphyseal line
area in epiphysis used in growth
lamellae
areas of collagen
hypercalcemia
blood calcium too high, making cells less excitable
fracture hematoma
blood clot
perforating canal
blood vessels from the periphery make it to central canal through here
osteoclast
bone dissolving cells
orthopedics
branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders
flat bones
broad curved shape, like the skull
zone of calcification
calcify cartilage for brief time
another name for spongy bone
cancellous bone
articular cartilage
cartilage that covers the ends of long bones
pathological fracture
caused by a tumor
Osteon
central canal and its lamellae
central canal
channel with vessels running through shaft lengthwise
zone of reserve cartilage
chondrocytes are just chilling not starting to make bone
proliferation
chondrocytes divide, forming stacks of cells and making new cartilgate
zone of hypertrophy
chondrocytes enlarge
zone of cell proliferation in metaphysis
chondrocytes multiply
zone of proliferation
chondrocytes multiply and arrange themselves
compact bone
condensed and resembles tree trunks when cut in half
nerve and blood vessels
conduit for circulatory and respiratory system
spongy bone
contains red bone marrow
shaft
diaphysis
mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue that differentiates into all connective tissues
epiphysis
end of a long bone
collagen fibers
fibers that compose the lamellae
intramembrous ossification
forms flat bones
endochondral ossification
forms long bones
red bone marrow
found in spongy bone, site of red blood cell production
inorganic compent (hydroxyapatite)
gives bone stiffness
collagen as organic component
gives bones a level of flexibility
another name for central canal
haversian canal
perforating fibers
hold periosteum to compact bone
medullary cavity
hollow cavity within the diaphysis of long bone, holds blood vessels
perichondrium
hyaline cartilage covering and surrounding cartilage
Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)
improper softening of bone, usually unnoticed. most common in males over age 50
hypocalcemia
increased excitability of nervous and muscle tissue due to low blood calcium
site of endostuem
innermost tissue of the shaft
marrow cavity
interior portion of the bone shaft
suture
joint that joins two cranial bones
endosteum
layer that lines the central canal
parathyroid hormone responds to...
low blood calcium
interstitial growth
makes bones longer
appositional growth
makes bones thicker
transitional between diaphysis and epiphysis
metaphysis
osteosarcoma
most deadly bone cancer
lacuna
open areas around bone cells
lysosomes
organelles that perform autophagy
osteocyte
osteoblast that becomes trapped in the matrix it deposits
periosteum
outermost covering of the bone
interstitional lamellae
partial osteon remains
spicules
pointy parts of trabeculae
mineral resorption
process of breaking down bone and releasing minerals into the blood
hemopoiesis
production of blood cells
purpose of canaliculi
provide passageway between lacunae
nutrient foraman
provides passage of blood vessels into bone tissue
epiphyseal plate
region of transition from cartilage to bone, where growth takes place
diaphysis
shaft of long bone
ruffled border
side of osteoclast that has microvilli
calcitrol works in the...
small intestines, kidneys, skeleton
osteomalacia
softening of bones due to demineralization. called rickets in kids
osteogenic cell
stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchymal cells
yellow bone marrow
storage for lipids in bone. it is fatty marrow that no longer produces red blood cells
trabeculae
thin plates of spongy bone
acid phosphatate
used by osteocytes to digest the collagen in bone matrix
nutrient foramen
vessels that supply to and drain blood from the bone deposit here
open reduction
when surgery is needed to fix a fracture
