Osteology

calcitonin

decreases blood calcium levels

hyaline cartilage

dense connective tissue

functions of osteocytes

deposit bone, reabsorb bone, sense strains

hydroxyapatite

85% of inorganic matter in bone matrix, is a crystallized calcium phosphate salt

osteoblast

bone forming cells

another name for perforating canals

Volksmann canals

epiphyseal line

area in epiphysis used in growth

lamellae

areas of collagen

hypercalcemia

blood calcium too high, making cells less excitable

fracture hematoma

blood clot

perforating canal

blood vessels from the periphery make it to central canal through here

osteoclast

bone dissolving cells

orthopedics

branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders

flat bones

broad curved shape, like the skull

zone of calcification

calcify cartilage for brief time

another name for spongy bone

cancellous bone

articular cartilage

cartilage that covers the ends of long bones

pathological fracture

caused by a tumor

Osteon

central canal and its lamellae

central canal

channel with vessels running through shaft lengthwise

zone of reserve cartilage

chondrocytes are just chilling not starting to make bone

proliferation

chondrocytes divide, forming stacks of cells and making new cartilgate

zone of hypertrophy

chondrocytes enlarge

zone of cell proliferation in metaphysis

chondrocytes multiply

zone of proliferation

chondrocytes multiply and arrange themselves

compact bone

condensed and resembles tree trunks when cut in half

nerve and blood vessels

conduit for circulatory and respiratory system

spongy bone

contains red bone marrow

shaft

diaphysis

mesenchyme

embryonic connective tissue that differentiates into all connective tissues

epiphysis

end of a long bone

collagen fibers

fibers that compose the lamellae

intramembrous ossification

forms flat bones

endochondral ossification

forms long bones

red bone marrow

found in spongy bone, site of red blood cell production

inorganic compent (hydroxyapatite)

gives bone stiffness

collagen as organic component

gives bones a level of flexibility

another name for central canal

haversian canal

perforating fibers

hold periosteum to compact bone

medullary cavity

hollow cavity within the diaphysis of long bone, holds blood vessels

perichondrium

hyaline cartilage covering and surrounding cartilage

Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

improper softening of bone, usually unnoticed. most common in males over age 50

hypocalcemia

increased excitability of nervous and muscle tissue due to low blood calcium

site of endostuem

innermost tissue of the shaft

marrow cavity

interior portion of the bone shaft

suture

joint that joins two cranial bones

endosteum

layer that lines the central canal

parathyroid hormone responds to...

low blood calcium

interstitial growth

makes bones longer

appositional growth

makes bones thicker

transitional between diaphysis and epiphysis

metaphysis

osteosarcoma

most deadly bone cancer

lacuna

open areas around bone cells

lysosomes

organelles that perform autophagy

osteocyte

osteoblast that becomes trapped in the matrix it deposits

periosteum

outermost covering of the bone

interstitional lamellae

partial osteon remains

spicules

pointy parts of trabeculae

mineral resorption

process of breaking down bone and releasing minerals into the blood

hemopoiesis

production of blood cells

purpose of canaliculi

provide passageway between lacunae

nutrient foraman

provides passage of blood vessels into bone tissue

epiphyseal plate

region of transition from cartilage to bone, where growth takes place

diaphysis

shaft of long bone

ruffled border

side of osteoclast that has microvilli

calcitrol works in the...

small intestines, kidneys, skeleton

osteomalacia

softening of bones due to demineralization. called rickets in kids

osteogenic cell

stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchymal cells

yellow bone marrow

storage for lipids in bone. it is fatty marrow that no longer produces red blood cells

trabeculae

thin plates of spongy bone

acid phosphatate

used by osteocytes to digest the collagen in bone matrix

nutrient foramen

vessels that supply to and drain blood from the bone deposit here

open reduction

when surgery is needed to fix a fracture