P M Class

In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed? Adaptive Predictive Incremental Iterative

Predictive

Which statement best describes outsourcing? An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which five-phase improvement process do projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow? use case modeling weighted scoring model configuration management DMAIC

DMAIC

Which is an example of a pre-initiation task? Drafting the project charter Developing a business case for a project Drawing up a work breakdown structure Identifying stakeholders

Developing a business case for a project

Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens. True False

False

It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases. True False

False

Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure. True False

False

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals. True False

False

Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system. True False

False

Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development. True False

False

The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken. True False

False

The term sigma means median. True False

False

Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. scope cost procurement resource

resource

In the Scrum method, during which meeting is the improvement of the product and process discussed? sprint review kick-off sprint retrospective daily Scrum

sprint retrospective

Which process involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection? conformance system testing statistical sampling fitness for use

statistical sampling

Products that are accepted by project stakeholders are considered to be validated deliverables. True False

True

Project resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with a project. True False

True

The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) methodology of the Six Sigma projects, is used to improve an existing business process. True False

True

Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries. True False

True

When does payback occur? When the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs When the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one When the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs When the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits

When the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs

Which term is used when the project's processes and products meet written specifications? project feasibility fitness for use conformance to requirements benchmarking

conformance to requirements

Which graphic display of data illustrates the results of a process over time? Six Sigma chart statistical sampling chart control chart Pareto chart

control chart

A(n) _____ is a tool used to document, monitor, and track problems that need resolution. power/interest grid requirements traceability matrix Gantt chart issue log

issue log

Earned value management is a tool primarily used in resource management. True False

False

Effective program managers recognize that managing a project is much more complex than managing a program. True False

False

The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time. True False

False

To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess are excellent technical skills. True False

False

Which project management knowledge area ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken? Project quality management Project risk management Project cost management Project time management

Project quality management

Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations? Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.

Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization? Systems thinking Linear analysis Reductionism The silo approach

Systems thinking

In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to? The degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

The degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

A project's stakeholders include its customers, users, and suppliers. True False

True

According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means. True False

True

An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract. True False

True

Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process. True False

True

Every project should have a well-defined objective. True False

True

Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task. True False

True

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management. True False

True

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles. True False

True

Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables? Defining scope Creating scope Controlling scope Validating scope

Validating scope

Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined? RAD life cycle Spiral life cycle Waterfall life cycle Prototyping life cycle

Waterfall life cycle

What process is used to generate ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization? mind mapping systems thinking benchmarking prototyping

benchmarking

Which term is used for a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer? prevention cost external failure cost appraisal cost internal failure cost

external failure cost

What is the main purpose of project plans? schedule management plans estimate activity resources guide project execution define project scope

guide project execution

What process group does the project integration management knowledge area map to through the activities of developing project charters? monitoring and controlling planning executing initiating

initiating

A difference between strategic and tactical goals is: strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

The _____ line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail. cc to subject from

subject

Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. Steve the support staff the Robinson family the project team

the Robinson family

The lower the earned monetary value calculation for a project, the chances of project success is higher. True False

False

The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project. True False

False

Which term is used for a standard of measurement in quality management? metric matrix milestone merge

metric

Which process correct(s) or prevent(s) quality problems based on quality control measurements? process adjustments decomposition acceptance decisions rework

process adjustments

What process provides enterprise environmental factors as an output? project procurement management project quality management project human resource management project integration management

project human resource management

In project schedule management, which is an output of controlling the schedule? milestones list activity duration estimate project management plan update activity attribute

project management plan update

Which process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling? quality certification quality assurance quality planning quality control

quality control

What is scope creep? the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces a task at the lowest level of the WBS the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger

Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization. Top managers Functional managers Employees Competitors

Competitors

Which activity is a part of the Scrum planning process? Creating sprint backlog Demonstrating the product during a sprint review meeting Determining how many sprints will compose each release Completing tasks each day during sprints

Creating sprint backlog

Project procurement management primarily involves identifying stakeholder needs while managing their engagement throughout the life of the project. True False

False

Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed? Predictive Hybrid Adaptive Incremental

Hybrid

In the MBTI, which dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information? Extrovert/Introvert Sensation/Intuition Thinking/Feeling Judgment/Perception

Sensation/Intuition

What important Scrum artifact is used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process? burndown chart WBS product backlog sprint backlog

burndown chart

Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost from which value? earned value schedule variance rate of performance planned value

earned value

Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents. True False

False

Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization. True False

False

Which term is used for the degree to which a system performs its intended function? validity reliability functionality maintainability

functionality

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development? An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. Agile is a predictive model of software development. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

What processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase? Executing Planning Monitoring and controlling Initiating

Initiating

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

Which statement is true of project management? It does not guarantee successes for all projects. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas. It is a simple discipline with a limited scope. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects.

It does not guarantee successes for all projects.

Which characteristic is true of virtual teams? As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts. It is important to select team members carefully. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members.

It is important to select team members carefully.

Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in which processes? executing initiating monitoring and controlling closing

closing

Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in which processes? initiating closing executing monitoring and controlling

closing

Which statement is one of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement? An organization should entrust improvement to individual employees rather than appointing teams or facilitators. An organization should minimize top management involvement in the achievement of individual employee goals. An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement. An organization should avoid "keeping score" in order to achieve an overall atmosphere of quality improvement.

An organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

In order to be realistic, a project manager should always set discrete goals instead of a range of objectives. True False

False

Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. True False

False

Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams. True False

False

Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have instead worked on important competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design. Outsourcing helps tackle this problem. Which benefit does outsourcing primarily provide in such a scenario? reduces fixed and recurrent costs increases accountability even without a written contract protects strategic information from being accessible to external suppliers helps focus on an organization's core business

helps focus on an organization's core business

What does the process of controlling costs primarily involve? finalising the procedures for project costs managing changes to the project budget determining a basis for estimates determining the policies for project costs

managing changes to the project budget

One of the main outputs of the _____ process are change requests. identifying stakeholders managing stakeholder engagement controlling stakeholder engagement planning stakeholder management

managing stakeholder engagement

Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. risk communication quality schedule

schedule

After planning for procurement management, the next process involves ____. developing procurement statements of work determining the evaluation criteria for the contract award sending appropriate documentation to potential sellers using expert judgement in planning purchases and acquisitions

sending appropriate documentation to potential sellers

Which is a measure of quality control equal to one fault in one million opportunities problems? Six Sigma rule ISO 9000 six 9s of quality rule seven run rule

six 9s of quality rule

In a network diagram, it is mandatory for every item on the WBS to be shown instead of only those activities with dependencies. True False

False

As a manager, you want to praise a team member, Phil, for doing a good job on a particular project. However, you know he tends to be an introvert. Which communication method would Phil be most comfortable with? Call a team meeting to praise Phil for his work on the project. Have top management and the other teams in the company award Phil. Announce Phil's accomplishment on the company Web site. Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.

Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.

What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis? Run a deterministic analysis or one pass through the model using the combination of values selected for each one of the variables. Collect the most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic estimates for the variables in the model. For each variable, such as the time estimate for a task, select a random value based on the probability distribution for the occurrence of the variable. Determine the probability distribution of each variable.

Collect the most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic estimates for the variables in the model.

A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence. True False

False

Good project managers assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors. True False

False

Which tool can best help in efficient communication management? Fast tracking Requests for quotes Impact matrices Kick-off meetings

Kick-off meetings

Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management? Symbolic frame Structural frame Political frame Human resources frame

Structural frame

Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project. True False

True

What are the bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as? safety self-actualization deficiency growth

deficiency

Which technique helps identify variables that have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process? activity-on-arrow backward pass design of experiments crashing

design of experiments

Which process is an action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations? validation process adjustment rework acceptance decision

rework