P155 Unit 4
A complex tone with multiple frequencies causes peak vibration of the basilar membrane...
... at places along the cochlea associated with each of the frequencies
The blind spot is ________.
...the location where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.
According to the text, recent research suggests that using a cell phone while driving makes an accident _____ times more likely.
4
The frequency which is not audible to the human ear is
50000 Hz
The wavelength of green light is approximately:
500nm
Which of the following statements about Dr. P. are accurate?
Dr. P is able to experience visual sensation Dr. P is able to experience the sensation of smell Dr. P is able to perceive smells
You wake up early in the morning and your room is fairly dark. You look over and see your shirt hanging on a hook. You know it's your red shirt because you hung it up there before you went to bed, but in the dark you can't see its color. It looks dark gray to you. Why is that?
In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are ineffectual.
In an experiment, colored letters flash briefly on a computer screen. On each trial, participants are asked to report the letters in their correct colors. In one condition, participants are required simultaneously to monitor the screen for the appearance of a particular digit. What effect should the concurrent digit-monitoring task have on the accuracy of participants' letter responses?
The digit-monitoring task should increase the prevalence of illusory conjunction
Astigmatism is an optical defect when the eyeball is unable to correctly focus light as a sharp image on the retina. People with astigmatism have blurry vision and usually need glasses. Which of the following might best describe the cause of astigmatism?
The lens is not accommodating appropriately.
The frequency of a sound is _________
The number of waves that pass in one second
What does a cochlear implant do?
Transmits sound information to an electrode array surgically implanted in the cochlea that stimulates the auditory nerve.
If someone has conductive hearing loss, the results of the Rinne test will be:
Worse hearing through the pinna than the mastoid
Tamika's little brother notices the flashing lights on their family's Christmas tree. Her little brother tries to catch them because he believes that the lights are moving. Tamika's little brother's perception that the lights are moving is called
apparent motion
Compared with cones, rods ___________.
are more sensitive to light.
Individuals with Wernike's aphasia, who have the ability to detect the sounds around them, but cannot understand spoken language are _________.
are not able to perceive speech
An illusory conjunction is a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined. It reflects a failure of
attention
The _____ carries neural impulses from the ear to the brain
auditory nerve
The Rinne test is based on the fact that, in normal hearing, air (through the auditory canal) conducts sound ________ bone (through the mastoid)
better than
Benny's S-cones are not functional. Benny is likely to have trouble perceiving:
blue
Bart was struck by a 2 × 4 on the back of his head. He is having severe difficulties with his vision because the injury he sustained was to his _____ lobe.
occipital
People have a blind spot where this pathway connects to the retina.
optic nerve
Hanna has had a stroke and can no longer see from her right eye even though her eyeball and retina are fine. At what level has the damage occurred in her visual system?
optic nerve of the right eye
Some types of hearing loss are associated with decreased motion of the bones in this structure
ossicles
The anvil is part of this structure
ossicles
The location where the stirrup vibrates against the cochlea
oval window
Vibrations on this membrane have been amplified by the bones in the middle ear.
oval window
Anna is reading her psychology text. The activation of receptors in her retina is called _____; her interpretation of the stimuli as particular words is called _____.
sensation; perception
Hyperopia is when ...
the eyeball is too short.
High frequency sounds that arrive at the ear closer to the sound source are louder than the sounds in the farther ear because...
the head partially blocks the sound energy.
Sioban turns around because she feels a hand on her shoulder. The process in which the receptors in the skin turn the stimulation into a neural impulse is called:
transduction
rods are _______
unable to detect differences in wavelength
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This BEST illustrates:
weber's law
An example of apparent motion is...
when you are stopped at a traffic light, if the car next to you edges forward your brain interprets this as you moving backwards
Due to the color-opponent system, if you viewed a red patch for a long time (causing the red cones to become adapted), what would happen if you then looked at a blank surface?
you'd see a green afterimage
When you first dive into a cold swimming pool, the temperature is shocking. But thanks to sensory adaptation...
your sensitivity to the cold will decline
Our sensory systems respond more strongly to ___________ than to constant stimulation.
changes in stimulation
While driving his car, Matt sees a partially covered billboard for MacDonald's. Matt completes the gaps in his vision of the billboard and is able to identify that the billboard is for MacDonald's. This example illustrates the Gestalt principle of
closure
Different parts of this structure respond to different sound frequencies
cochlea
The basilar membrane is a part of this structure
cochlea
The location where auditory vibrations are transduced into neural activity.
cochlea
Another term for this structure is "tympanic membrane."
eardrum
This is the first structure to vibrate when stimulated by sound waves
eardrum
When you change altitude, or go deep underwater, the change in air pressure may cause tension and discomfort in this membrane
eardrum
Interaural time differences are used to perceive the location of ...
low frequency sounds
Which is NOT a characteristic of sound waves?
magnitude
Proponents of the _____ view of object recognition believe that there are specialized areas of the brain for detecting different stimuli such as human faces.
modular
In a signal detection experiment, correct responses include correct rejections and _____.
hits
The moon appears larger when it is on the horizon than when it is overhead, though in "reality" it is the same size in both cases. This is an example of a(n)
illusion
Errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which appearance differs from "reality" are called
illusions
In a laboratory experiment, Shane is briefly shown a colored number next to a black letter. He is then asked to describe what he saw, and incorrectly describes the letter as having the color of the number. The researcher is probably studying
illusory conjunction
The Waterfall illusion demonstrates
motion aftereffects
Sherry is nearsighted; that is, she suffers from _____.
myopia
Temika has been prescribed glasses so that images are no longer focused in front of the retina. Temika is myopic, or _____.
nearsighted
Dorothy is off to see the Wizard of Oz. She perceives that the Yellow Brick Road converges to a point way off on in the distance because of the depth cue of:
linear perspective
According to the textbook, what did Quiroga et al. (2005) discover related to visual recognition?
Individual neurons that responded to specific faces and objects, regardless of the viewing angle
The fovea of the eye
Is the central part of the retina where the cones are concentrated
Imagine that it's possible to become adapted to the sight of cats. If I spend all day looking at cats, and then I suddenly see a mongoose, what will that mongoose look like?
It'll look very different from a cat, because I've reduced my sensitivity to the appearance of cats.
After leaving the eye, what's the order that visual information travels to get to your brain?
Optic chiasm > Lateral geniculate nucleus > Occipital lobes
When Atanas describes the "color" of a note played on the guitar, what's he referring to?
a large number of pitches all being produced at the same time
Abbie is nearsighted. Her vision defect reflects an error in _____, the process by which the _____ changes shape to focus an image on the retina.
accommodation; lens
One of the world's brightest flashlights is "The Torch" - in fact, the light energy it produces is so powerful that it can fry an egg, or start a fire, in just a few seconds. Which of the following aspects of The Torch's light is so powerful?
amplitude
The physical intensity or loudness of a sound depends on the:
amplitude
Most movies are filmed at 24 frames per second. We perceive these static images as a moving image because of...
apparent motion
The protective covering of the eye.
cornea
In a typical psychophysical experiment, the absolute threshold is a(n) _____ variable; in a graph, a measure of absolute threshold appears on the _____-axis.
dependent; y
A guitar string that has more tension and pressure, that vibrates more quickly, will produce a _______ sound than a string that has less tension.
higher-pitched
The Egghead video showed the narrator, Ingrid Wickelgren, on the left and right sides of the room. In this case, especially, which of the following monocular depth cues is still available for you to use to detect the fact that the shape of the room must be distorted?
familiar size
When an object moves across a complex background it appears to move _______ than when it moves across a simple background.
faster
The location that has a large concentration of cones.
fovea
The location where light is transduced into neural signals
fovea
The part of the retina that has the highest visual acuity.
fovea
The optic nerve is composed of axons of
ganglion cells
Gloria's M-cones are not functional. Gloria is likely to have trouble perceiving the color:
green
Which of the following is responsible for the transduction of sound information into neural information?
hair cells
Denise wears an extremely bright safety-yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects
high amplitude
As the size of an object increases, the value of the just-noticeable difference in pounds or inches _______.
increases
Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This example illustrates the depth cue of:
interposition
According to the text, the physicist _____ proposed that color is not an inherent property of light.
isaac newton
Some animals, like bees, are able to see ultraviolet light energy. What is true of ultraviolet light?
it has a shorter wavelength than violet light
Radio waves have _________ than visible light.
larger wavelength
Accommodation occurs here.
lens
To see nearby objects, this part of the eye needs to become thickened
lens
When someone has cataracts, this part of the eye will become clouded.
lens
With respect to visual processing, which list contains an item that does NOT belong with the others?
parietal; the "what" pathway; dorsal
Carmen is reading her psychology text. Her interpretation of the stimuli as particular words is called:
perception
Sensation is to stimulation as _____ is to interpretation.
perception
The door swings open and then closes again as Delroy's roommate enters the apartment. Delroy continues to see the door as rectangular even though the shape of its image on his retina progresses from a wide rectangle, through a series of parallelograms, to a very narrow rectangle, and then back again. Delroy's perception of the door as an unchanging rectangle exemplifies
perceptual constancy
The fact that different cells along the basilar membrane are stimulated by different frequencies of sound is most consistent with...
place code
The methods of the field of _____ are used to investigate the relationship between the physical properties of a stimulus and observers' perception of the stimulus.
psychophysics
When the iris enlarges, this part of your eye will become smaller.
pupil
When you walk from sunlight into a dark room, this part of your eye will become enlarged.
pupil
Looking into an Ames room, the person on your left appears small and the person on your right appears large. The fact that the floor slopes upward from left to the right side of the room prevents you from using which monocular depth cue that has always worked for you in the past?
relative height in the image
The inner ear consists of the:
semicircular canals and cochlea
After listening to her high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, Marcy fails to realize that the music is too loud. This BEST illustrates:
sensory adaption
When Juan puts on a hat in the morning, he notices that it is there. As the day goes on, he forgets that he is wearing it. This demonstrates the process of:
sensory adaption
Edge assignment is important for which of the following?
separation of figure from ground
Vasinda can easily read signs that are distant, but words on a page appear blurred to her. Vasinda may have:
shorter-than-normal eyeballs.
_________ above 85 dB is enough to cause hearing damage
sound amplitude
Looking into an Ames room, the person on your left appears small and the person on your right appears large. The tiles on the floor have been painted so that they appear to be the same shape and size throughout the room from your vantage point. This fact prevents you from using which monocular depth cue that has always worked for you in the past?
texture gradient
