PACE 2021 _04
Archaeologist Betty Meggers's book on this region argued that it was never densely populated. Since the 1980s, the 364 highway has increased population density in this region despite empate ("em-PA-chih") protests by the "Gandhi" of this region, who was assassinated in 1988. A president serving in the 1950s sought to exploit the cassiterite deposits of this "unproductive and empty" region; more recently, one government has lifted the ban on correntão, a practice where two (*) tractors are chained together to "improve" land in this region. This region was subject to the "March to the West" in the 1930s by dictator Getúlio Vargas and has more recently been clear cut for soy fields under presidents like Michel Temer ("mee-SHELL TAY-mair") and Jair Bolsonaro ("ja-EER boh-soh-NAH-roo"). Name this Brazilian rainforest.
Amazon rainforest [or Amazonas state; or Amazon jungle; or Amazonia; accept Brazilian rainforest before the end; prompt on Western Brazil before the end] (The "Gandhi of the Amazon" is Chico Mendes.)
Fears of a "floating Chernobyl" were stoked by an August 2019 explosion at a nuclear facility in an oblast named for this Russian city. Along with Murmansk, this port was the chief destination of Arctic Convoys during World War II.
Archangelsk [or Archangel; accept Arkhangelsk Oblast]
The Spartan youth retrieved the cheese from a sanctuary dedicated to the Orthia cult of this goddess of the hunt and twin of Apollo.
Artemis
The anonymous "Old Oligarch" wrote an analysis of this city's government. Corcyra ("kor-SIGH-ruh") asked to form an alliance with this city in order to gain control of Epidamnus, thereby weakening the earlier Thirty Years' Peace that this city had signed. After seizing the hill fort of Phyle, a general from this city named Thrasybulus killed Critias and took power. A leader from this city's Alcmaeonid family was killed after a pathogen entered via its port of (*) Piraeus. That leader of this city stated that "What you leave behind is not what is engraved on stone monuments, but what is woven into the lives of others" in a noted Funeral Oration. Pericles was a ruler of, for 10 points, what Greek city-state that opposed Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?
Athens
Children aged 9 to 14 were educated at William Higgs's Bluecoat school in this city. Joseph Chamberlain cleaned up some of the slums in this industrial city, the largest in the West Midlands.
Birmingham
Cheese god Aristaeus married Autonoë, a daughter of this man whose companions were all killed by a dragon while he was attempting to sacrifice a cow in Athena's honor. Athena then instructed this man to bury the teeth of the dragon to create the Spartoi.
Cadmus [or Kadmos]
This spy ring was active during the occupation of Long Island. Hercules Mulligan and his slave Cato worked for this group under Robert Townsend and Abraham Woodhull.
Culper Ring
This author's novella The Landlady was criticized for plagiarizing E. T. A. Hoffmann. The qualities of unfinalizability and polyphony are discussed in a work titled for the Problems of this author's Poetics. Along with François Rabelais, this author was cited as the prime example of literary carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin. This author mocked Nikolai Chernyshevsky's novel What Is to Be Done? in a novella that includes the section (*) "Apropos of the Wet Snow." A "sick" and "spiteful" man serves as the protagonist of that novella by this author, who wrote a novel in which Porfiry Petrovich investigates Raskolnikov's murder of a pawnbroker. Name this Russian existentialist author of Notes from the Underground and Crime and Punishment.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky [or Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky]
Sulayman Al-Bassam's adaptation of this play is set in the Middle East and the title character learns of his father's death through an arms dealer. The first play in the Arab Shakespeare Trilogy is based on this revenge tragedy where the title prince quips, "To be or not to be, that is the question."
Hamlet
In an idealized antenna named after this scientist, the radiation pattern is "sine theta," indicating that it is anisotropic ("ann-eye-so-TROP-ick"). This scientist used an induction coil, a Leyden jar, and two brass spheres to verify Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves.
Heinrich Hertz [accept Hertzian dipole]
Marcus Aurelius's description of time as a "river of passing events" may have been influenced by this much earlier Greek philosopher. One of his fragments is often rendered as "Everything flows and nothing stays."
Heraclitus of Ephesus
An author born in this country explored climate change in his nonfiction book The Great Derangement and included sections in Chinese Pidgin English in Sea of Poppies from his Ibis trilogy. In a novel by another author from this country, a character compares his sister to a stick insect when she jokes about his "Elvis puff." An intersex resident of a graveyard in this country features in The (*) Ministry of Utmost Happiness. During a showing of The Sound of Music, the Orangedrink Lemondrink Man molests a young boy in a novel from this country. In that novel, Sophie Mol comes to this country to visit the twins Rahel and Estha. Name this country home to Amitav Ghosh and Arundhati Roy.
India [or Republic of India; or Bhārat Gaṇarājya]
This artist used his sister-in-law Ethel Philip as a model for a painting that is alternatively titled The Andalusian. A failure to sell his painting of a woman in a kimono standing in front of a Japanese screen may have led this artist to develop his butterfly signature. This artist painted a red-haired woman holding a white flower and standing on a wolfskin rug. He's not Gustave Courbet, but (*) Joanna Hiffernan was the mistress of this artist of The Princess from the Land of Porcelain. Hiffernan also modelled for this artist's Symphony in White. In another work, this artist depicted a seated woman in profile dressed in black. Name this artist who painted his mother Anna in Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1.
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Natty Bumppo was created by this American author of The Prairie and The Last of the Mohicans.
James Fenimore Cooper
Long Island was home to an early witch trial in which this governor of Connecticut ruled against accusations that "Goody" Garlick was a witch. His father of the same name, a many times governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, called the Colony a "city upon a hill" and expelled Anne Hutchinson.
John Winthrop the Younger
This author's 2021 novel Klara and the Sun is narrated by a machine called an Artificial Friend.
Kazuo Ishiguro [or Ishiguro Kazuo]
In the poem "Among School Children," the speaker dreams of a body he compares to this figure being "bent / Above a sinking fire." Name this woman. In another poem by the same author, her rape is symbolized by the lines "The broken wall, the burning roof and tower / And Agamemnon dead" after she is hit by "A sudden blow."
Leda [accept a Ledaen body]
This island was home to the largest Loyalist refugee camp in Revolutionary War America at Lloyd's Neck. Name this island, the site of the Battle of Brooklyn, which was then occupied by the British.
Long Island
Marie-Joseph Chénier ("shain-YAY") wrote the lyrics to this composer's Hymne du Panthóon, which commemorates Jean-Paul Mara. Name this composer, Ludwig van Beethoven's favorite contemporary. After Louis XVI's ("the sixteenth's") beheading, he wrote a C minor requiem that Beethoven preferred over Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's.
Luigi Cherubini ("care-oo-BEE-nee")
Parmigianino's Cupid Making His Bow and his Madonna of the Long Neck are works in this style of the late High Renaissance in Italy, characterized by distorted proportions and artifice.
Mannerism [or Mannerist]
In a novel, this character is saved from torture by the timely arrival of Chingachgook ("chin-GOTCH-gook") and Hurry Harry with a contingent of British troops.Identify this character who is arrested for killing an animal out of season and later saves Elizabeth Temple from a panther attack in the novel The Pioneers.
Natty Bumppo [or Natty Bumppo or Leather-Stocking or Hawkeye or Deerslayer]
In 2021, the Russian Duma agreed to extend this treaty for five more years. This treaty is the only remaining nuclear arms treaty between the US and Russia.
New START [or New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty; or Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms; prompt on START or Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty; do not accept or prompt on "START I," "START II," or "START III"]
Dynamos fell out of favor with the rise of alternators during the "War of the Currents." George Westinghouse, who "won" the war, purchased this Serbian-American's patent for the polyphase induction motor.
Nikola Tesla
The number of these people swelled to over 400,000 after changes in the 17th century allowed them to marry and run businesses. Identify this military unit that would signal a rebellion by overturning a sacred cauldron. This unit was once filled from the devşirme system.
Ottoman Janissaries [or yeniceri; prompt on Ottomans or Turks; prompt on Ottoman Christians] [10]
When this object was stolen in 2004, gold and bronze replicas were given to Visva-Bharati University. Name this object, the first of its kind given to a non-European. A telegram that expressed gratitude for "understanding which has made a stranger a brother" was read in place of a banquet speech for this item in 1913.
Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel Prize in Literature [prompt on Nobel Prize]
During the Indore festival, this rakshasa was represented as the god of filth and given a giant rat to join him in the slum floats. This demon is the villain of the Ramayana.
Ravana [or Dasis Ravana; Dasis Sakvithi Maha Ravana; or Dashaanan; Ravula; or Lankeshwar; or Lankeshwaran; Ravanasura; or Ravanaeshwaran; or Eela Vendhar]
In the 1970s, phonebooks from this no-longer extant country were full of ads for American mercenaries. Ian Smith led the minority white government in this country until the establishment of Zimbabwe.
Rhodesia [or Southern Rhodesia]
In his first encounter with a future close companion, it was said that a pile of books surrounding this man suddenly burst into flames before his companion declared, "This is what you cannot understand." This man lent his name to a religious community whose practice of the sama ritual was inspired by this man's encounter with a goldsmith rhythmically beating gold leaf with a hammer, which caused this man to start (*) dancing. Coleman Barks has been criticized for erasing Islam from this poet's works and "interpreting" his poems using previous English translations despite an inability to understand this poet's original Persian. Name this Sufi poet, a friend of Shams-i Tabrizi who wrote the Masnavi, or Spiritual Couplets.
Rumi [or Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi; or Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Balkhi; accept Mevlana or Mowlana; or Mevlevi or Mawlawi; accept Mevlevi Order]
Asawa sculpted her fountains in this city, where she died. A Daniel Chester French sculpture is located in this city's Golden Gate Park.
San Francisco [or SF or San Fran] [10
Like Mozart, Cherubini joined this secret society that promoted "humanist" music. As part of this organization, Mozart wrote "Funeral Music" for two members of his lodge.
Secret Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons [or Freemasonry; or Masonic Lodge; accept Masonic Funeral Music or Maurerische Trauermusik]
Epictetus belonged to this tradition of Greek philosophy, also exemplified by the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius.
Stoicism
Rudolf Wagner demonstrated that one leader of this conflict was influenced by Liang Afa's Good Words to Admonish the Age. That same leader during this conflict built up his following in the Thistle Mountains and had an influential meeting with Issachar Jacox Roberts. Contemporary sources often referred to this conflict as the "long hair rebellion" since its participants did not wear the queue hairstyle. Many (*) Hakka were massacred due to their participation in this conflict where a "Heavenly Kingdom" was established in Nanjing. This conflict was instigated by Hong Xiuquan ("sh'yoh-ch'wen"), who proclaimed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus.Name this 1850s rebellion led by disgruntled peasants during the Qing ("ching") Dynasty.
Taiping Rebellion [or Taiping Civil War; or Taiping Revolution; accept Hong-Yang Rebellion before "Hong Xiuquan" is read; prompt on Long Hairs Rebellion]
The Basel ("BAH-zull")-based "Fonds" that owns the copyright on this text authorized a 2019 graphic novel adaptation by David Polonsky. Robert Faurisson's 1978 assertion that this book was a forgery led to France's Gayssot ("gay-SO") Act. Shelley Winters donated the Oscar she won for a 1959 film adaptation of this book to a museum re-opened in 2001 by Queen Beatrix. Miep Gies ("meep kheese") saved this text from destruction. Characters in this text include the (*) Van Daan family and the author's sister Margot, who receives a summons to a work camp. A "definitive edition" of this text restored passages excised by the author's father, Otto. Name this text addressed to "Kitty," largely written in a Secret Annex by a Jewish girl during the Holocaust.
The Diary of Anne Frank [or The Diary of a Young Girl; or Anne Frank's Diary; accept The Annex: Diary Notes 14 June 1942 - 1 August 1944 or Het Achterhuis until the end]
The fifty-third and final chapter of this text recommends four thoughts to always have ready, the last of which is Socrates' quote that "Anytus and Meletus can kill me, but they can't harm me." Name this abbreviated summary of the teachings of Epictetus, whose fifteenth chapter advises the reader to treat life as a banquet.
The Enchiridion [or The Handbook; or The Manual]
Michael Schmidt's book on the "Life" of this text celebrates Philip Terry's unorthodox 2018 translation in Globish, published as Dictator. The protagonist of this text diverts a river and builds himself a stone tomb in the exposed riverbed so that his body will never be found. In the fifth section of this text, the heroes are assisted by 13 winds to defeat a monster with 7 (*) auras who guards the Cedar Forest. A prostitute named Shamhat "tames" a character in this text. This text's title character, who is two-thirds divine, seeks the secret of immortality from Utnapishtim and rejects the advances of Ishtar. Name this oldest extant epic poem, titled for a king of Uruk.
The Epic of Gilgamesh [or Sha naqba īmuru; or He who Saw the Abyss; or He who Sees the Unknown; or Shūtur eli sharrī; or Surpassing All Other Kings; accept Dictator before mentioned]
A character in this play drunkenly recalls a magician who turned water into "Kentucky Straight Bourbon" before nailing himself into a coffin. A portrait of an absent patriarch hangs in the living room of this play's set, as does a diagram of a typewriter keyboard another character had studied before quitting business college. After the lights go out in this (*) "memory play," a woman dances a "clumsy" waltz with a man who tells her "You're one times one! You're Blue Roses!" That woman in this play is urged to "blow out your candles" by her brother after the "gentleman caller" Jim O'Connor accidentally breaks her unicorn figurine. Laura, Tom, and Amanda Wingfield are the central family of what Tennessee Williams play?
The Glass Menagerie
This Cooper novel kicked off a craze for sea novels in the United States. John Paul Jones works in this novel's title profession under the alias Mr. Gray.
The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
In Japanese myth, after this food goddess vomits out fish, meat, and rice for a banquet, Susano'o kills her in disgust for offering him "filth."
Uke-Mochi ("oo-keh-mo-chee") [or Ogetsuhime]
"Among School Children" and "Leda and the Swan" were both written by this poet, who also wrote a poem about seeing "nine-and-fifty" of the title "Wild Swans at Coole ("cool")."
William Butler Yeats [or W. B. Yeats]
Osman II, who feuded with his Janissaries, ruled over one of these natural disasters in 1621 that caused widespread famine. One of these disasters contributed to a period of hunger in the Netherlands in the last year of World War II.
a harsh winter [or a great cold; accept hunger winter or Hongerwinter; accept anything involving an extended cold period]
Frans Hals painted fourteen men from one of these groups meeting on their namesake's feast day in his Archers of Saint Hadrian. Rembrandt's The Night Watch is a group portrait of one of these groups.
a militia [or militia company; or schutterij; or shooting company; or Kloveniers; or civic militia guard; prompt on army]
When you hit 10 parsecs away from the Solar System, you turn around and directly determine that this property of the Sun is 4.83. The distance modulus equals the difference between this value and another value that depends on the observation site.
absolute magnitude [prompt on magnitude or M; prompt on luminosity; do not accept or prompt on "apparent magnitude"]
An isotropic radiator is such that this quantity does not affect the power radiated.Name this quantity. The law of reflection states that the values of this quantity for the incident and reflected waves are equal.
angle [accept angle of incidence or angle of reflection; prompt on direction]
"Bald" examples of these objects were produced at Taghaza ("tuh-GAH-zuh") and widely distributed throughout North Africa. The state of Chu produced some of these objects described as "ant-nose" during the Warring States Period. Isaac Newton developed a method to prevent clipping these objects. Archers and battle axes were often featured on objects of this kind made during the Gupta Dynasty. The presence of poorly-written Arabic on some of these objects in Mercia ("MUR-see-uh") suggests (*) trade with Spain. The Lydians pioneered the use of electrum in these objects, although King Croesus opted to make them from pure gold. For 10 points, the Greek drachma is an example of what type of object used for currency in the early world?
coins [accept gold coins; prompt on currency or money]
David Hume asserted that the "cautious, jealous virtue of" this concept wouldn't exist in a utopia and argued that it didn't apply within a family. "Complex equality" between education and healthcare is explored in Michael Walzer's book titled for "Spheres of" this concept. In another book titled for this concept, the author argued that primary goods must not have any (*) inequality unless the overall state of the worst-off is improved and the "difference principle" was defined. The "distributive" form of this concept is concerned with which people receive which benefits and burden. John Rawls wrote "A Theory" of what concept, often equated with fairness?
justice [accept distributive justice]
Lenore E. Walker controversially argued that victims of domestic abuse suffered from this phenomenon. Identify this phenomenon of powerlessness first observed in dogs in a 1967 study by Martin Seligman.
learned helplessness
Hamlet wishes to be one of these things in a Heiner Müller play. One of these things is the second of two entities mentioned in a term describing a sudden solution to a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story.
machines [or maschine or machina; accept deus ex machina]
Experimental evidence suggests that cryptochromes in the retina are responsible for the avian response to these phenomena. Exposure to blue light converts the cryptochrome's flavin cofactor into a radical, which is flipped relative to adjacent superoxide in response to these phenomena.
magnetic fields [or magnets; accept Earth's magnetic field or geomagnetism; accept magnetoreception]
Separate Japanese and American groups made the first self-consistent geodynamo models using equations from this formalism introduced by Hannes Alfvén ("all-VANE"). The magnetic Reynolds number is used for modeling within this formalism.
magnetohydrodynamics [or MHD; accept magnetofluid mechanics; accept hydromagnetics]
First-order coupling with n adjacent nuclei splits a signal into this many lines. The peaks of an atom with n identical neighbors are modeled with the nth row of Pascal's triangle, which has this many numbers.
n + 1 [accept answers that indicate one more than the number of neighbors] (The top-most row of Pascal's triangle is its zeroth row.)
The world's first barge using this technology, the Akademik Lomonosov, set sail from St. Petersburg in 2019. Identify this technology. China's CRF-600 is a Generation IV ("four") version of this climate-friendly form of power generation that uses liquid sodium as a coolant.
nuclear reactor [or fission reactor; or nuclear power plant; prompt on power plant]
Angle calculations in radar often rely on this form of the small-angle approximation, in which the ray is treated as if it does not deviate from the optical axis.
paraxial approximation [prompt on small-angle approximation; prompt on sin of theta equals theta]
You watch Proxima Centauri from Earth for a year and see that it subtends an angle of 1.3 arcseconds, and is thus 1.3 of this unit away. This unit is defined as 648,000 times one AU over pi.
parsec [or pc; prompt on parallax arcsecond]
When modeling these systems, the longitudinal invariant is the second of three adiabatic invariants considered. Gyrokinetics is a framework for modelling motion in these systems through the slow drift of a guiding center orbited by particles gyrating at the cyclotron frequency. The time evolution of these systems can be modelled by a collisionless Boltzmann equation named for (*) Vlasov. The ratio of Coulomb energy to thermal energy in these systems determines if they will couple their motion to external fields, in which case particles will propagate in waves. Magnetic fields are used to confine these systems in devices such as tokamaks.Name these systems of ionized gases considered to be the fourth state of matter.
plasmas [prompt on tokamaks]
Mineka and Zinbarg attributed this mental disorder to learned helplessness. The Department of Defense has used cognitive behavioral therapy to treat this disease, which is prevalent among veterans.
post-traumatic stress disorder [or PTSD; accept answers such as shell shock or combat neurosis]
Hans von Bülow nicknamed an E minor piece in this genre "Suffocation." Another piece in this genre opens with the descending melody (read slowly) F, short D-flat, A-flat over repeated notes that are enharmonically rewritten as G-sharp instead of A-flat after the key changes from D-flat major. A vacation with George Sand in (*) Majorca ("mah-YOR-kah") inspired the fifteenth piece in an Opus 28 cycle of pieces in this genre that is organized in order of the circle of fifths. That collection of pieces in this genre was inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, which pairs these pieces with fugues. Frédéric Chopin was inspired by raindrops to write a piece in,what genre whose name suggests that it is introducing another piece?
preludes
Ruth Asawa created one of these artworks centered on two mermaids for Ghirardelli ("geer-uh-delly") Square. Name these structures, another of which Asawa placed outside a Hyatt in Union Square. A bird stands on an obelisk that extends upwards from one of these artworks in Rome.
public fountains [accept Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi or Fountain of the Four Rivers]
After putting out an overdubbed version of Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World," a player of this instrument was criticized for being "wimped out" practicing "musical necrophilia" by Pat Metheny ("muh-THEE-nee"). It's not guitar, but this instrument was played on a 1959 album influenced by Thelonious Monk, which is Reflections by Steve Lacy. A player of this instrument recorded the album Breathless, which includes the track "Forever in Love." A (*) plastic version of this instrument was played on The Shape of Jazz to Come by Ornette Coleman. McCoy Tyner and a player of this instrument each gave extended improvised solos in a 1961 modal rendition of Rodgers and Hammerstein's song "My Favorite Things." Name this instrument played by Kenny G and John Coltrane.
saxophone [accept specific types like tenor saxophone or alto saxophone or soprano saxophone]
The Bluecoat variety of these institutions in the United Kingdom were typically free for poor children. Identify these institutions whose "public" type in the UK are more akin to the "private" type in the US. People leaving these institutions take the A Levels.
schools [or secondary schools; or colleges in the sense that Eton is a college; do not accept or prompt on "universities"]
Cherubini wrote an 1841 treatise on this technique and fugue. Johann Joseph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum is another treatise on this subject, the combination of harmonically dependent but melodically separate lines.
species counterpoint [or word forms such as contrapuntal]
The technique of acoustic tomography can measure this variable over a wide area by placing probes within the SOFAR channel. The surface component of the Southern Oscillation is defined by localized increases in this variable due to reduced transport by the trade winds. This physical variable remains constant with depth in the mixed layer but plummets sharply at a namesake (*) cline. This variable increases off the coast of Peru during El Niño because of a reduction of upwelling. Changes in density due to this variable and salinity drive a namesake macroscale oceanic circulation system. Although it is high at the sea surface,what variable averages 2 degrees Celsius in the rest of the ocean?
temperature [accept sea-surface temperature or SST; accept thermocline; prompt on thermohaline circulation; prompt on density before "Southern Oscillation" is read]
Answer the following about interpreting NMR spectra. Though NMR peaks have a height, a peak's intensity is measured by performing this operation to determine the area under the curve.
integration [or taking the integral]
The earliest surviving manuscript of this poem was sent to the poet's mother with the parenthetical remark that it "is not private, but not final." The speaker of this poem describes seeing a "drowning" man with a "hanging face" through "misty panes and thick green light." Dedicated to Jessie Pope, this poem opens by describing subjects who are (*) "bent double, like beggars under sacks" as they "curse through sludge." This poem decries a patriotic phrase from Book Three of Horace's Odes as "the old Lie" after describing an "ecstasy of fumbling" that follows the shout "Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!" Name this war poem by Wilfred Owen titled for a Latin phrase meaning "it is sweet and fitting."
"Dulce et Decorum Est"
In this Biblically titled poem, Yeats laments "Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold" before asking "what rough beast... slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?"
"The Second Coming"
This molecule's tendency to form 6,4 compounds during endospore germination gives those photoproducts the nickname "spore." This molecule forms planar tetrads stabilized by potassium via Hoogsteen bonding. Cyclobutanes are formed from adjacent double bonds in this molecule by photodimerization in the presence of UV. This molecule naturally exists as a supercoil that must be (*) unwound. Circular dichroism is used to distinguish the Z conformation of this molecule from the B, which is right-handed and has a larger major groove. The 3D structure of this molecule was discovered using X-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin. Name this biological polymer that encodes genetic information in a double-helix.
DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid; accept RNA or ribonucleic acid before "supercoil" is read; anti-prompt on guanine, deoxyguanosine, thymine, or deoxythymidine by asking "what larger molecule is that found in?"]
In 1917, the government of Indore turned a celebration of this holiday into an allegory for better sewage management. Identify this Hindu festival of light. More conventional celebrations often cause air pollution due to the many fireworks set off.
Diwali [or Divali; or Deepavali; or Dipavali]
A unit of 15 American white nationalists joined an anti-Putin militia to fight the Russian occupation of this region of eastern Ukraine. Kramatorsk is an interim capital of this region not to be confused with Crimea.
Donbass [accept Donetsk; or Donetsk People's Republic; or Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika; or Donets Basin]
Christ's Hospital in London, the country's first Bluecoat School, was established by this child monarch whose reign was dominated by the Duke of Somerset and John Dudley, the Earl of Warwick.
Edward VI ("the sixth")
Identify the following about soldiers of fortune. Soldier of Fortune magazine was founded by Robert K. Brown, who had personally led death squads in this country. The FMLN launched an attack on this Central American country's capital in 1989.
El Salvador [or Republic of El Salvador]
A technique for producing these molecules developed by Kohler and Milstein uses HAT medium as a selection agent. Greg Winter pioneered the humanization of these molecules to prevent rejection by chimerizing ("kye-MAIR-izing") them with human equivalents. Generic medications with suffix -mab ("mab") are examples of these molecules produced by hybridomas. One of these molecules named for its role in (*) rheumatoid arthritis targets others by binding to their Fc region. Class switching can convert between isotypes of these molecules like the dimeric A and pentameric M. The monoclonal type of these molecules are engineered to bind specific epitopes and are created from cloned B cells. Name these molecules involved in the immune response, which bind to antigens.
antibodies [or antibody; accept immunoglobulins; accept monoclonal antibodies, mice antibodies, or murine antibodies; prompt on IGs]
You are an intrepid astronomer. Answer some things about your journey up the cosmic distance ladder. You climb roughly 150 million kilometers up the first rung, equal to this unit of the distance from the Earth to the Sun.
astronomical unit [or AU; accept ua]
In a novel titled for this genre, the protagonist sees his father at a Parisian opera while touring Europe as a ragtime pianist. The civil rights activist Jimmy Aaron dies near the end of an Ernest Gaines novel titled for this genre centering on ex-slave Jane Pittman. The protagonist of a book in this genre joins the Communist party in the section "The Horror and the Glory." An unnamed biracial man decides to (*) pass as white after witnessing a lynching in a James Weldon Johnson novel titled for [this genre] "of an Ex-Colored Man." Richard Wright wrote a work in this genre titled Black Boy, which describes his formative years in Chicago. Name this genre of Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.
autobiography [prompt on biography; accept memoir; or The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman; or The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man]
This stimulus triggers conformational changes in CRY, which disrupts the PER/TIM dimer and allows transcription of clk ("C-L-K") and cyc ("C-Y-C") to resume. Name this stimulus that strongly entrains the suprachiasmatic ("supra-kye-az-MAT-ick") nucleus in humans.
blue light [prompt on visible light by asking "of what color?"; prompt on the color blue]
Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney were depicted using these weapons in a forest clearing. Identify these weapons, one of which is shaved by a nude deity with his back to the viewer in a painting by Parmigianino ("par-mee-jah-NEE-no").
bow [or bow and arrow; prompt on arrow by asking "what weapons are arrows used with?"; do not accept or prompt on "crossbow"] (Colonel Acland and Lord Sydney is by Joshua Reynolds.)
According to Xenophon, a Spartan initiation ritual involved boys having to retrieve this food from a temple and then run back through a gauntlet while being flogged. Identify this food. It's not honey, but Aristaeus taught humans how to make this food.
cheese
The cryptochrome-mediated response to blue light at dawn is used to maintain these cycles, which control the activity of organisms over the course of a day.
circadian rhythms [or diurnal rhythms]
In a bid to thwart Janissary plots in 1662, the Ottoman sultan tried to close namesake "houses" serving this hot, caffeinated beverage.
coffee [accept coffeehouses]
The Dutch Noordsche Compagnie ("NORD-seh kohm-pa-NEE") established the colony of Smeerenburg to process byproducts of this industry. In the 1860s, Svend Foyn invented an explosive device that revolutionized this industry. Workers in this industry typically signed a "lay" for a share of profits. This industry declined in the late 19th century after discoveries at Titusville, Pennsylvania, drove down the price of kerosene. Between 1710 and 1740, this industry grew by almost 2,000 percent in (*) Nantucket. An 1871 freeze in the Arctic contributed to the end of American dominance of this industry, as did the replacement of spermaceti in making candles. Name this industry that produced blubber and oil from large sea mammals.
commercial whaling [accept whale oil; accept blubber or spermaceti industry before mentioned; prompt on fishing; prompt on oil industry]
Fifteen of Asawa's hanging wire sculptures are on permanent display in this San Francisco museum's tower. Located within Golden Gate Park, this museum's building was designed by Herzog and de Meuron.
de Young Museum [or M.H. de Young Memorial Museum]
A diastereotopic ("die-uh-stereo-topic") pair of geminal hydrogens produces this specific splitting pattern with four peaks instead of the typical three. This pattern is created when two neighbors of a nucleus have different chemical environments, which prevents overlap of their peaks.
doublet of doublets [do not accept or prompt on "doublets"]
A theory named for this device contends that self-inducing convection currents in the outer core generate the Earth's magnetic field. Name this type of generator that uses rotating magnets alongside a commutator to create direct current.
dynamos [accept geodynamo theory; prompt on magnetos]
Harald Hjärne's ("HYAIR-nuh's") award ceremony speech for Tagore ends by quoting Gitanjali 82, which says that time has this quality "in thy hands, my lord." Gitanjali 1 says "Thou hast made me [this], such is thy pleasure."
endless [accept "Time is endless in thy hands, my lord"; accept "Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure"]
VR devices have been used in this type of behavioral therapy to treat PTSD. Another form of this therapy, developed by Joseph Wolpe, might cure a fear of mice by first showing a patient a picture of a mouse, then having the patient hold the mouse.
exposure therapy [or graduated exposure therapy; or systematic desensitization]