Packet 2: Vertebral column, cervical spine, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx, bony thorax, chest, and thoracic viscera

The sternum is classified as an irregular bone. True or false

False (it is a narrow, flat bone)

The condition where the pulpy nucleus of the disk ruptures, or protrudes into the vertebral column is called:

HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus - "slipped disk")

The head of the ribs articulate with the bodies of the __________ vertebrae to form the __________ joints

thoracic; costovertebral

Name the structures associated with the mediastinum:

thymus gland heart and great vessels trachea esophagus

The tubercles of the ribs articulate with the __________ of the thoracic vertebrae

transverse process

The degree of obliquity of the ribs decreases with deep inspiration. True of false

true

Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae?

tubercle

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are referred to as:

zygapophyseal joints

Which joints are the only bony connection between the shoulder girdles and the thorax?

Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)

Identify the labeled structure: 1. spinous process 2. transverse process 3. pedicle 4. body 5. vertebral foramen 6. lamina

Superior view of a thoracic vertebra

The xiphoid process is at the approximate level of:

T9 - T10

Name the two primary curves:

Thoracic curvature (convex) Sacral curvature (convex)

Identify the labeled structure: a. pedicle b. intervertebral disk c. facet d. body e. spinous process f. intervertebral foramen

Thoracic vertebrae- lateral oblique view

True ribs - False ribs - Floating ribs -

True ribs: 1-7 False ribs: 8-10 Floating ribs: 11-12

The terminal bronchioles communicate with:

alveoli

In which direction is the apex of the sacrum directed?

anteriorly and inferiorly

The __________ is the largest artery in the body

aorta

Which part of the coccyx sits inferiorly?

apex

The sacroiliac joint is formed by the articulation of the ilium and what part of the sacrum?

auricular surface

Name the other two parts of the sternum:

body and xiphoid process

Three sections of radiography anatomy in the chest are __________, __________, and __________.

bony thorax, respiratory system proper, mediastinum

Name the hooklike process found on the last tracheal cartilage:

carina

The superior thoracic vertebrae share features of the __________ vertebrae

cervical

Which part of the rib contains the veins and nerves?

costal groove

The axis (C2) has a strong conical process called the:

dens/odontoid

The last five pairs of ribs are considered __________ ribs because they do not attach directly to the sternum

false

The trachea lies posteriorly to the esophagus. True or false

false

The posterolateral margins of each thoracic body have costal facets for articulation with the

head of the ribs

The bony thorax protects important organs such as the __________ and __________.

heart; lungs

The area of the lungs where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves enter:

hilum

The bodies of the thoracic vertebrae __________ in size from the 1st to the 12th vertebrae.

increase

By articulation with the vertebrae above and below, the vertebral notches form:

intervertebral foramina

Name the two type of vertebral articulations:

intervertebral, costovertebral

An abnormal increase in the thoracic curve is termed:

kyphosis

The respiratory system consist of:

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

The last pair of zygapophyseal joints are formed by the articulation of the:

last lumbar segment and first sacral segment

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic vertebrae are best seen with which position?

lateral

The superior processes of the atlas (C1), are shaped to articulate with:

left and right occipital condyles of skull

Vertebral column transmits the weight of the trunk to the __________

lower limbs

The upper (and widest) portion of the sternum is called the __________

manubrium

Which portion of the sternum is the widest?

manubrium

Each lung contains __________ of alveoli.

millions

__________ and __________ are exchanged by diffusion within the walls of the alveoli

oxygen; carbon dioxide

Light, spongy, highly elastic substance.

parenchyma

What is the name of the part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae?

pars interarticularis

What type of articulations are found between the anterior extremities of the ribs and the costal cartilages?

sternochondral

The thorax is formed by:

sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae

The two main parts of typical vertebra:

Body (anterior) Vertebral arch (posterior)

List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebral column Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx Total:

Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 1 Coccyx 1 Total 26

Name the two secondary curves:

Cervical curvature (concave)(lordotic) Lumbar curvature (concave)(lordotic)

Of the five regions, which three regions are considered "true"?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

The ribs increase in size from the 1st to the 12th. True or false

False

The space between the ribs is called the costal cartilage. True or False

False

The intervertebral disks account for approximately __________ of the length of the spine

1/4

How many lobes are round in the right lung?

3

All cervical vertebrae contain __________ foramina

3 [- vertebral foramen - transverse foramen (2) (one in EACH of the transverse process)]

How many vertebrae compose the coccyx?

3-5

The thymus reaches its maximum size __________

40 g at puberty (gradually decreases in size until adulthood)

The trachea extends down to the level of the space between the __________ thoracic vertebrae:

4th and 5th

Which lumbar vertebra is the largest?

5

The cartilage of how many pairs of ribs connect directly to the sternum?

7

What is the approximate length of the sternum?

7 inches

An abnormal increase in the lumbar or cervical curve is termed:

Lordosis

Which ribs are called "floating" ribs?

Pairs 11 and 12

__________ is the exchange of gaseous substances between the air we breathe and the bloodstream.

respiration

Foreign bodies are more likely to pass into which bronchi?

right

Of the five regions, which two regions are called "false"?

sacral and coccygeal

Continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum is called the __________

sacral canal

The anterior ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is termed the __________ of the sacrum

sacral promontory

Vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the __________

sacrum

__________ is formed by the fusion of the five vertebral segments into a curved triangular bone.

sacrum

The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae are __________ than those of thoracic

smaller

The __________ projects posteriorly and interiorly from the junction of the laminae:

spinous process

__________ is characterized by the anterior displacement of one vertebrae over another

spondylolisthesis

Name the two ends of a rib:

sternal and vertebral