PALS
When using a manual defibrillator for cardiac arrest, what is the recommended initial dose?
2 J/kg
When providing fluid resuscitation in children, how should intravenous fluid boluses be given?
20 mL/kg bolus over 5-20 minutes
For fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock, give about _____ of crystalloid for every _____ of blood lost.
3 mL, 1 mL
Which statement concerning asystole is NOT correct?
A flat line on an ECG indicates asystole
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can be caused by all of the following except:
Adenosine
Suitable oxygen delivery to the body tissue is depending on all of the following except
Adequate IV access
Which statement about agonal breathing is correct?
Agonal breathing occurs in early stages of cardiac arrest
Acute community-acquired pneumonia causes include: Streptococcus pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia Chlamydia pneumonia
All of the above
Epinephrine may be used in managing which of the following conditions: Anaphylaxis Asthma Symptomatic bradycardia
All of the above
Group medications used for treatment Dexamethasone Nebulized epinephrine Heliox (Oxygen)
All of the above
Initial management of respiratory distress or failure include: Opening and supporting the airway Assessing oxygenation with a pulse oximeter Suctioning and providing supplemental oxygen
All of the above
Untreated shock can lead to: Cardiopulmonary problems Hypotension Cardiac arrest
All of the above
Which of the following symptoms demonstrate increased work of breathing? Grunting Nasal flaring Use of accessory thoracic muscles
All of the above
Medications that may be used to treat moderate to severe asthma include of the following except
Antibiotics
Exposure in PALS evaluation refers to an assessment for:
Any signs of a problem above
Exposure in PALS evaluations refers to an assessment for: Trauma Burns Fractures
Any signs of a problem above
Which of the following is NOT part of the primary circulatory assessment?
Arterial blood gas analysis
All of the following assessments are included in the initial assessment EXCEPT:
Cardiac arrest
What response is NOT scored by the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)
Cardiac output
Compared to adults, how are children's (under age 10) heart rates different than adults when awake?
Childrens are Higher
All of the following are assessments of primary disability except:
Comprehensive history and physical exam
Restoring the upper airway patency in a child does NOT include:
Cricothyrotomy
The initial assessment consists of assessing all of the following EXCEPT:
Deformity
What item is NOT a part of assessing the initial impression?
Deformity
It is inappropriate to administer one oral dose of ___________ for mild croup
Dexamethasone
Which statement is correct concerning neurological assessment during post-resuscitation management?
Dilated unresponsive pupils, hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory irregularities, or apnea may indicate cerebral herniation.
Pharmacologic agents that may be used in the treatment of shock include all of the following except:
Diltiazem
What is the best vasoactive agent for cold septic shock?
Epinephrine
Analgesics and sedatives should only be used on intubated individuals if they are extremely agitated.
False
Atrial flutter is a very common heart rhythm in children
False
Full neurological recovery is never a challenge after cardiac arrest
False
Full neurological recovery is never a challenge after cardiac arrest.
False
Hypotonic fluids are suggested for volume resuscitation.
False
Immediate intubation is always necessary for proper airway management.
False
Medication administration via ET tube is preferred due to its consistency
False
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of shock
Hypoglycemic shock
Types of shock include all of the following except
Hypothermic shock
What type of shock is caused by fluid loss due to diarrhea?
Hypovolemic
When should vasopressors be administered during the management of septic shock
If the individual is severely hypotensive despite proper fluid management
Common signs of compensated shock include:
Increased heart rate
Which statement regarding compensated versus hypotensive shock is correct?
Individuals with compensated shock may maintain normal blood pressure
What is NOT scored by the GCS
Minute ventilation
If bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute) with a pulse is associated with cardiopulmonary compromise despite effective oxygenation and ventilation, what is the next step in management?
Perform CPR
If at any time you determine that an individual is experiencing a life-threatening emergency, you should support breathing and cardiovascular function immediately by:
Providing high-quality CPR
The purpose of defibrillation is to
Reset the electrical system of the heart allowing a normal rhythm a chance to return
In an individual with ventricular fibrillation (VF), what should occur immediately following a shock?
Resume CPR
Which statement about tachycardia is NOT correct?
Sinus tachycardia is commonly a dangerous rhythm that can quickly deteriorate to cardiac arrest
Which medication is used for treatment of metabolic acidosis?
Sodium bicarbonate
The type of AV block that is characterized by no relationship P waves and QRS complex is:
Third degree
A respiratory rate consistently less than 10 or greater than 60 breaths per minute in a child of any age is abnormal and suggests the presence of a potentially serious problem
True
Albuterol is a common recommendation for treatment of wheezing in a child with infectious pneumonia
True
Albuterol is a common recommendation for treatment of wheezing in a child with infectious pneumonia.
True
Distended neck veins on physical examination may indicate ineffective cardiac function
True
Milrinone has known hypotensive effects that may be exacerbated by hypovolemia
True
Shock may occur with a normal, increased, or decreased systemic arterial pressure
True
Stridor is a sign of
Upper airway obstruction
Which statement concerning ventricular tachycardia is NOT correct?
Ventricular tachycardia is very common in children
All of the following are signs of upper airway obstruction except:
Wheezing
