Parasitology & Mycology

D. ALl of these

A person can acquire toxoplasmosis from A. Pseudocysts in raw meat B. Oocysts in the air C. Cleaning out the cat litter box D. All of these

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by sexual contact. contaminated food. contaminated water. ingestion of cysts of the pathogen. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by sexual contact. contaminated food. contaminated water. ingestion of cysts of the pathogen. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Trichinellosis includes all the following, except the first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain. humans are infected by ingesting encysted larvae. the larvae migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues. infection is associated with ingestion of undercooked pork or bear meat. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Neglected Tropical Diseases are Infecting significant amount of people Difficult to treat and prevent Demonstrating severe symptom Primarily in tropical areas All the above

All the above

Transmission of which organism(s) can occur by ingestion of undercooked meat? Trichuris trichuria Toxoplasma gondii Trichinella spiralis Answers 2 and 3 (B and C).

Answers 2 and 3 (B and C).

You have flown to a sub-tropical climate on a medical mission to help treat parasitic infections in an area of poor sanitation. Many of the individuals have been infected by a helminth, capable of exiting the host through the nose, mouth and anus. You have identified the white creamy worms as: Ascaris lumbricoides Ancyclostoma duodenale Anisakis marina Ancylostoma canium

Ascaris lumbricoides

If you discover following structure in blood smear, the patient may suffer ___ infection Plasmodium falciparum Babesia microti Giardia lamblia Toxoplasma gondii

Babesia microti

The following protozoan discovered in a patient's feces are______ Dientamoeba fragilis cysts Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites Entamoeba hystolytica cysts Entamoeba hystolytica trophozoites

Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites

In the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle, after eggs are ingested, the next stage in the life cycle that must occur before a mature adult can live in the host's intestine is called the: Liver-lung migration Diagnostic stage Method of infection Infective stage

Liver-lung migration

A. Ascaris lumbricoides

Liver-lung migration occurs in ______ infection. A. Ascarsi lumbricoides B. Trichuris trichiura C. Entobius vermicularis D. All of the above

Which is incorrect about malaria? Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human. Trophozoites develop in RBCs. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells. The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites. None of the choices are correct.

Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells

A 10-year-old boy with symptoms of meningitis and a history of swimming in his farm pond was brought to the hospital emergency department. Examination of his CSF revealed motile amoeba measuring 12 µm in diameter. The most likely parasite is: Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites Naeglaria fowleri trophozoites Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites Endolimax nana trophozoites

Naeglaria fowleri trophozoites

E. A,B,C

Protozoa infect cardiovascular, lymphatic systems include A. Plasmodium B. Trypanosoma C. Leishmania D. Giardia (GI tract) E. A,B,C F. All above

False

Protozoan cysts are usually found in human host tissue True/False

False

Protozoan only reproduce sexually True/False

An animal that harbors a parasite that can also infect humans is referred to as a(n): Definitive host Transport host Intermediate host Reservoir host

Reservoir host

B. Leishmaniasis

Sand flies may transmit _____ disease. A. Chagas (reduvid) B. Leishmaniasis C. African sleeping sickness (tsetes fly) D. Malaria (mosquito)

Human asymptomatic carriers are common in elephantiasis. balantidiasis. amebiasis and trichomoniasis. cryptosporidiosis and malaria. trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

amebiasis and trichomoniasis

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT: Multiple Fission Sporogony Multiple Fission Schizogony

Sporogony

Enterobius vermicularis is often fatal in heavy infestations. an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites. common only to the tropics and subtropics. a whipworm. All of the choices are correct.

an intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites.

D. Nervous

Toxoplasmosis affects the ____ system A. lymphatic B. circulatory C. respiratory D. nervous

If you see the following microorganisms in patient's skeletal muscle, the patient suffers __________ infection. Enterobius vermicularis Trichinella spiralis Trichuris trichuria Anisakis marina

Trichinella spiralis

Which of the following infections are not diagnosed by finding eggs or lava in fecal specimens: Necator spp. Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis Trichuris trichiura Q

Trichinella spiralis

Which of the following parasitic diseases is a zoonosis: Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis Strongyloides stercoralis

Trichinella spiralis

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics, except they are multicellular animals. they include tapeworms. they have a definitive host where the adult form lives. they have developmental forms that include cysts. they include roundworms.

they have developmental forms that include cysts.

Which of the follow disease affects fetus development if pregnant women contract the disease for the first time during pregnancy? toxoplasmosis African sleeping sickness giardiasis malaria

toxoplasmosis

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include a circular rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the extremities. loss of hair. a red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer. headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. None of the choices are correct. Q

headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.

Amebiasis is primarily a disease of the conjunctiva of the eye. intestines and often the liver. lung tissue. skin. brain and meninges.

intestines and often the liver.

Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water. True/False

False

Chagas disease is treated with chloroquine. True/False

False

Chiropractic doctors are not required to report patients with malaria. Only primary care physicians do. True/False

False

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates. True/False

False

There are more antibiotics available to treat eukaryotic parasite infection compare to that of bacteria infection because eukaryotic parasite belong to same domain as human. True/False

False

There are more antibiotics available to treat eukaryotic parasite infection compare to that of bacteria infection because eukaryotic parasite belong to same domain as human. True/False

False

E. All of the above

Gastrointestinal diseases may be caused by A. E. hystolytica B. B. coli C. G. intestinalis D. D. fragilis E. all of the above

While on a backpacking trip in Maine, Julie and her friends obtained their drinking water from several different pristine streams, adding one or two drops of bleach to ensure its safety. Several days later Julie began experiencing abdominal distress, specifically cramping, fatty diarrhea, and flatulence. When it didn't clear up within several days, Julie visited her doctor. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of Julie's symptoms? Entamoeba histolytica Schistosoma mansoni Toxoplasma gondii Giardia intestinalis E. coli O157:H7 Q

Giardia intestinalis

The following image is ______________ which may be found in ___________ of patient. Giardia lamblia trophozoites, stomach Giardia lamblia cyst, small intestine Giardia lamblia trophozoite, small intestine Giardia lamblia cysts, liver

Giardia lamblia trophozoite, small intestine

Which of the following disease is transmitted via contaminated water? Chagas' disease Giardiasis African sleeping sickness Leishmaniasis

Giardiasis

Toxoplasma gondii can infect most mammals but can only sexually reproduce in: Cats Pigs Humans Cattle

Cats

Toxoplasma gondii can infect most mammals but can only sexually reproduce in: Cattle Pigs Cats Humans

Cats

Zoonosis is a term used to describe humans' relationships with a(n): Accidental parasite Ectoparasite Endoparasite Facultative parasite

Accidental parasite

Which of the following disease is transmitted via tsetse fly bites? Chagas' disease Giardiasis African sleeping sickness Leishmaniasis

African sleeping sickness

The following is TRUE regarding Dientoamoeba fragilis: No observable flagella but is classified as a flagellate The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament Moves by means of pseudopodia when seen in feces All of the above are true

All of the above are true

Ascaris lumbricoides larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines. is an intestinal roundworm. larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature. spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food. All of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, except Giardiasis. Babesiosis. Balantidiasis. Cyclosporiasis. Cryptosporidiosis.

Babesiosis.

Which of the following regarding the structure/ morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis is TRUE. Possesses a sucking disk concavity on the ventral side to assist with attachment to the mucosa. Often classified as a pseudocyst due to the fact that it possesses no observables flagella. The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament. Can be identified by it's 4 anterior flagella and fifth flagellum that is incorporated within the undulating membrane.

Can be identified by it's 4 anterior flagella and fifth flagellum that is incorporated within the undulating membrane.

Local city water supplies have been sources of parasitic infections. The most common organisms implicated in these events include: Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia Trypanosoma brucei gambience and Entamoeba histolytica Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia and Toxoplasma gondii

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia

Outbreaks of diarrhea have been caused by a parasite that has been associated with raspberries, strawberries, herbs, and baby lettuces. The most likely parasite is: Cryptosporidium parvum Toxoplasma gondii Cyclospora cayetanensis Giardia lamblia

Cyclospora cayetanensis

All following protozoan infect cardiovascular, lymphatic systems EXCEPT Plasmodium species. Trypanosoma species Cyclospora species Leishmania species

Cyclospora species

The diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis infection is accomplished by observing: Eggs in feces Eggs recovered from the perianal region Larva in feces Trophozoites in feces

Eggs recovered from the perianal region

Both B and C

Entamoeba histolytica cysts may be found in A. Blood B. Large intestine C. Feces D. Liver E. both B and C

All of the above

Entamoeba hystolytica may invade the A. Liver B. Larg intestine C. Small intestine D. Lungs E. All of the above

B. Intermediate

Human are _____ host for Plasmodium spp. A. definitive B. Intermediate C. Transport D. accidental

D. Accidental (zoonotic)

Humans are ____ host for Trichinella spirilis A. definitive B. Intermediate C. transport D. accidental

A. Egg

Humans become infected by which stage of the pinworm's lifecycle? A. Egg B. Larva C. Adult D. All stages are infectious

An Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite may be identified by which of the following morphologic features? Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with a central karyosome Ingested WBCs and two nucleoli with central karyosomes Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with an eccentric karyosome Ingested RBCs, a single nucleus, and a large cytoplasmic glycogen vacuole

Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with a central karyosome

B. Intermediate

Insect vectors are _____ host for hemoflagellates A. definitive B. Intermediate C. Transport D. Accidental

Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues. ingesting pseudocysts from contaminated raw or undercooked meat. ingesting or inhaling oocysts from infected cats or cat feces. tachyzoites can cross the placenta. immunocompromised patients often develop a fatal, disseminated infection.

Intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues.

The Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote: Is the intracellular, dividing form that can be found in macrophages or heart muscle Is the non-dividing form found in the rejuviid bug Has a characteristic "C" shape None of the above

Is the intracellular, dividing form that can be found in macrophages or heart muscle

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by: Trypanosoma brucei gambience Leishmania donovani Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania braziliensis

Leishmania donovani

The free-living amoeba associated with meningitis is: Entamoeba coli Dientamoeba fragilis Entamoeba histolytica Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri

Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming? Giardia lamblia Balantidium coli Entamoeba histolytica Toxoplasma gondii Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri

Your patient is experiencing abdominal discomfort approximately 4 weeks after returning from a vacation to the sub-tropics. You obtain a specimen to be examined in the laboratory and discover what appears to be a protozoan parasite with ingested red blood cells within the cytoplasm. It is likely that your patient has been infected by: The aggressive hemoflagellate, Plasmodium falciparum which will ingests old and immature red blood cells. A hookworm, which will puncture small capillaries and feed on blood. Cysts of Entoamoeba histolytica which voraciously feed on red blood cells. None of the above are correct.

None of the above are correct.

Which is not correct about trichinellosis? Numerous cases occur each year in the U.S. A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscles. It can be transmitted by eating undercooked pork. The first symptoms mimic influenza. It can be transmitted by eating bear meat.

Numerous cases occur each year in the U.S.

If you discover following structure in blood smear, the patient may suffer ___ infection Babesia microti Plasmodium faciparum Trichomonas vaginalis Cyclospora cayetanensis

Plasmodium faciparum

Cysts

The infective form of Entamoeba histolytica is A. Trophozoites B. Cysts C. Eggs D. Larva E. All of above

Ground itch is caused by: Hemoflagellates in the bloodstream which induce a hypersensitivity reaction The larvae of hookworms in the epidermis that may die when too large The release of Plasmodium sporozoites by the Anopheles mosquito at the bite site None of the above

The larvae of hookworms in the epidermis that may die when too large

The first stage of the clinical course of Trypanosoma brucei is characterized by: Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain Lung invasion as a result of erosion of liver abscesses Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain The presence of the parasite in peripheral circulation, but not yet in the central nervous system (CNS)

The presence of the parasite in peripheral circulation, but not yet in the central nervous system (CNS)

Which of the following parasitic organisms is considered to be a sexually transmitted disease: Trypanosoma cruzi Dientamoeba fragilis Trichomonas vaginalis Leishmania braziliensis

Trichomonas vaginalis

A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection. True/False

True

In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection. True/False

True

African sleeping sickness is caused by Isospora belli. Plasmodium falciparum. Leishmania brasiliensis. Trypanosoma cruzi. Trypanosoma brucei.

Trypanosoma brucei.

Which of the following causes Chagas' disease Trypanosoma brucei gambience Leishmania donovani Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania braziliensis

Trypanosoma cruzi

C. P. falciparum

Which Plasmodium is the most virulent? A. P. vivax B. P. malariae C. P. falciparum D. P. ovale

CDEF (protozoa, worms, fungi, insects)

Which of the following are included in parasitology study? A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Protozoa D. Worms E. Fungi F. Insects G. CDEF H. All of these

E. A and B

Which of the following cause Meningoencephalitis? A. Naegleria fowleri B. Acanthamoeba C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Dientamoeba fragilis E. A and B. F. All of these

G. C and E

Which of the following cause dysentery? A. N. fowleri B. Acanthamoeba C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Dientamoeba fragilis E. Balantidium coli F. C and B G. C and E H. All of these

F. All of the above

Which of the following diseases are zoonotic? A. Ancyclostoma braziliense B. Ancyclostoma canium C. Anisakis marina D. Trichinella spiralis E. Toxoplasma gondii F. ALl of above

B. Merozoites

Which of the following form is infective for human red blood cell? A. Sporozoites B. Merozoites C. Oocysts D. Hypnozoites

B. Strongyloids stercoralis

Which of the following infection involves autoreinfection? A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. Strongyloides stercoralis C. Enterobius vermicularis D. Ancylostoma duodenale

C. Trichomonas vaginalis

Which of the following is a STD? A. N. fowleri B. B. coli C. T. vaginalis D. T. bucei

A. Amastigote

Which of the following stages lack a flagella? A. Amastigote B. Promastigote C. Epimastigote D. Trypomastigote

A. Amastigote

You may find _______ in macrophages of patients infected with hemoflagellates A. Amastigote B. Promastigote C. Epimastigote D. Trypomastigote

The large intestines of pigs are the primary reservoir of the pathogen that causes amebic meningoencephalitis. balantidiasis. trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis. amebiasis and trichomoniasis. cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis.

balantidiasis.

Amebiasis symptoms include bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. chills, fever, and sweating. fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge.

bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Strongyloides stercoralis rarely causes chronic infection. is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine. is a tapeworm. can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. All of the choices are correct.

can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients.

Diagnosis of giardiasis involves checking __________ in feces. cysts trophozoites eggs larva All of the choices are correct.

cysts

Which of the following disease is transmitted via mosquito bites? cryptosporidiosis African sleeping sickness giardiasis malaria

malaria

Concomitant infection refers to _____ chronic infection involve more than one organs infection with latent satge infection treated with more than one antibiotics one individual infected with more than one pathogens during the same time period

one individual infected with more than one pathogens during the same time period

Chagas disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the phlebotomine (sand) fly. Anopheles mosquito. reduviid, "kissing," bug. hard-bodied tick. tsetse fly. Q

reduviid, "kissing," bug.

Trichinella spiralis is a/an ________ that invades the ________. roundworm, intestine and muscle flatworm, heart ameba, intestine tapeworm, lungs flagellate, large intestine

roundworm, intestine and muscle flatworm, heart

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. chills, fever, and sweating. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. chills, fever, and sweating.

sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.