Penny Abdomen Missed Questions
The diameter of the IVC should never exceed:
2.5cm
The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:
5 years
The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed
5cm
Which of the following laboratory findings elevates first in the presence of acute pancreatitis? A. Amylase B. ALP C. ALT D. Lipase
A. Amylase
Which of the following is associated with Charcot triad? A. Cholangitis B. Cholesterolosis C. Klatskin tumor D. Choledochal cyst
A. Cholangitis (Triad is RUQ pain, jaundice, and fever - indicates Cholangitis)
Which of the following would be the most distal portion of the biliary tree? A. Common bile duct B. Common hepatic duct C. Gallbladder D. Intrahepatic radicles
A. Common bile duct
Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? A. Epididymis B. Testicular artery C. Cremaster muscle D. Lymph nodes
A. Epididymis
All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: A. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals. B. Ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement. C. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful. D. Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids.
A. a ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals
What renal condition is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?
ADPKD
A 32 year old Female with vague abdominal pain and a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening with a comet tail artifact most likely has...
Adenomyomatosis
Which mass-like lesion may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?
Adrenal rests
Which of the following would be the least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant? A. Hematoma B. Biloma C. Ascites D. Urinoma
B. Biloma
Which of the following is associated with hypernatremia? A. Cushing syndrome B. Conn syndrome C. Pheochromocytoma D. Addison disease
B. Conn syndrome
Which of the following would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis? A. Alcohol abuse B. Hepatitis C. Trauma D. Gallstones
B. Hepatitis
What is the appearance of ARPKD?
Bilateral, enlarged echogenic kidneys
Within which parts of the pancreas are muscinous cystadenocarcinomas most often located?
Body and tail
Which of the following disorders is associated with the sonographic triangular cord sign? A. Cholangitis B. Choledocholithiasis C. Biliary Artesia D. Ascariasis
C. Biliary atresia
Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? A. Bowel wall thickening B. Noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance C. Increased peristalsis D. Hyperemic wall
C. increased peristalsis
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: A. The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation B. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus C. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney D. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
C. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
All of the following are true of the spleen except: A. It is the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system B. The primary objective of the spleen is to filter the peripheral blood C. The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border D. The spleen is considered the largest lymphatic organ
C. the spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border
Ascariasis is...
Caused by a parasitic roundworm
The spiral valves of Heister are found within the...
Cystic duct
Which of the following is not located within the mediastinum? A. Heart B. Thymus C. Esophagus D. Lungs
D. Lungs
All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: A. Adrenal adenoma B. Hypertension C. Excessive thirst D. Thinning arms and legs
D. Thinning arms and legs
Coexisting obstruction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the...
Double-duct sign
The portion of the bowel that encompasses the head of the pancreas is the...
Duodenum
Diabetic patients suffering from acute Cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing...
Emphysematous cholecystitis
Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?
Graves disease
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Which part of the pancreas is located right lateral to SMV, anterior to IVC, and inferior to MPV?
Head
The most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the...
Head of the pancreas
What is the most common benign childhood hepatic mass?
Hemangioendothelioma
A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram. An evaluation of the spleen reveals a 1cm, rounded, echogenic mass that does not produce acoustic shadowing. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hemangioma
What would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?
Hypercortisolism
The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with...
Intestinal obstruction
A 45 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Which of the following would be the most likely eitology of the palpable mass?
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatoma
Malignant tumor of the liver
What is the type of obstruction that refers to the bowel being physically blocked by something?
Mechanical
Which of the following is the most common form of salivary gland cancer?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Wilms Tumor, aka...
Nephroblastoma
Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to the portal confluence?
Pancreatic neck
A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Peyronie disease
The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the:
Pheochromocytoma
Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones? A. Phrygian cap B. Pregnancy C. Total parenteral nutrition D. Oral contraceptive use
Phrygian cap
A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology if this mass?
Pilondidal cyst
What is the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material?
Pitting
All of the following are clinical findings of HCC except: A. Reduction in AFP B. Unexplained Weight loss C. Fever D. Cirrhosis
Reduction in AFP
What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body?
Sarcoidosis
Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and...
Seminal vesicles cysts
The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the...
Seminoma
What is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin, and mouth?
Sjogren syndrome
What is the Thompson test?
The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed
What happens to the duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication?
The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of ureterocele
The splenic hamartoma may be discovered more often in individuals with a history of:
Tuberous sclerosis
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, is:
Tuberous sclerosis
Which cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas?
acinar cells
What is the most common cause of ARF?
acute tubular necrosis
Gastric cancer is most often in the form of:
adenocarcinoma
The olive sign is best described as:
an enlarged palpable pyloric sphincter
What is the cause of Cushing disease?
anterior pituitary gland tumor
What is a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?
ascites
All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except: A. Internal calcifications B. Hyperechoic mass C. Cervical node involvement D. Solitary mass
b. hyperechoic mass
Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Retroperitoneal mass C. Infertility D. Palpable extratesticular mass
b. retroperitoneal mass
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a
branchial cleft cyst
Which of the following is not associated with the development of pneumobilia? A. Cholangiopneumonia B. Gastric surgery C. Acute cholecystitis D. Fistula formation
cholangiopneumonia
Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?
cold nodule
What houses the male urethra?
corpus spongiosum
Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: A. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue B. Isoechoic to the surrounding tissue C. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue D. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue
d. anechoic to the surrounding tissue
All of the following are diagnostic findings of a likely benign thyroid nodule except: A. Anechoic nodule B. Eggshell calcification C. Hyperechoic nodule D. Cold nodule
d. cold nodule
With active internal hemorrhage, the patients hematocrit will:
decrease
Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a(n):
deep vein thrombosis
What is the most common cause of CRF?
diabetes mellitus
The most common level for biliary obstruction to occur is the:
distal common bile duct
What type of gland is the thyroid gland?
endocrine
Which segment of the biliary tree tends to dilate first with obstruction? Intrahepatic or extrahepatic?
extrahepatic
hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder
fills with sludge
A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:
focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon
The most common shape of an AAA is:
fusiform
Conn syndrome results from:
high levels of aldosterone
What is associated with E. granulosus?
hydatid liver cyst
The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n):
hyperechoic mass
The spleen is a/an:
intraperitoneal organ
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
longus colli
The replacement of normal air-filled alveoli with fluid, inflammation, blood, or neoplastic cells is referred to as:
lung consolidation
What is included in the clinical findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
migraine medication use
Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen most likely represent:
multiple benign granulomas
A 35 year old male patient presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram with a history of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis. What are you more likely to identify within the spleen?
multiple granulomas
A gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the
pancreas
A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as:
pannus
The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:
peripheral zone
A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply describes:
pulmonary sequestration
Psammoma bodies are
punctate calcific deposits
The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the:
red pulp
Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?
sternocleidomastoid
Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?
strap
Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:
thyroglossal duct cysts
In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:
too few thyroid hormones
The most common location of BPH is the:
transitional zone
What is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?
ureterovesicular junction
What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?
varicocele
The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is:
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is the:
white pulp
Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Right-sided location C. Hepatomegaly D. Renal mass
A. Left-sided location
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: A. No intertesticular flow B. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis C. Reactive hydrocele D. Scrotal wall thickening
A. No intertesticular flow
Which of the following would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis? A. Thrombosis in the splenic vein B. Psuedoanurmsym of the SMA C. Thrombosis of the MPV D. Stenosis of the SMA
A. Thrombosis of the splenic vein
Abnormal lymph nodes typically measure more than:
10mm
Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure:
>2mm
What at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object?
Air
All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except: A. Vomiting B. First-born male infant C. Red currant jelly stools D. Leukocytosis
B. First-born male infant
Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? A. Ureterocele B. Urethritis C. Urolithiasis D. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
B. Urethritis
A 64 year old man presents to the sonography department for a RUQ exam. He is complaining of abdominal pain, weight loss, and pruritus. Sonographically, you visualize an area of dilated ducts that abruptly end. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cholangiocarcinoma
The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with
Cholesterolosis
Which of the following would be the most common cause of obstructive jaundice? A. Klatskin tumor B. Cholangiocarcinoma C. Biliary atresia D. Choledocholithiasis
D. Choledocholithiasis
Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: A. Proteinuria B. Throat infection C. Azotemia D. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypercalcemia
The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is:
Heterogeneous mass with calcifications
The most common location of a varicocele is:
The left side of the scrotum
A 23 year old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. What is associated with male infertility?
Varicocele
What is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?
Wharton duct