Penny Abdomen Missed Questions

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed:

2.5cm

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:

5 years

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed

5cm

Which of the following laboratory findings elevates first in the presence of acute pancreatitis? A. Amylase B. ALP C. ALT D. Lipase

A. Amylase

Which of the following is associated with Charcot triad? A. Cholangitis B. Cholesterolosis C. Klatskin tumor D. Choledochal cyst

A. Cholangitis (Triad is RUQ pain, jaundice, and fever - indicates Cholangitis)

Which of the following would be the most distal portion of the biliary tree? A. Common bile duct B. Common hepatic duct C. Gallbladder D. Intrahepatic radicles

A. Common bile duct

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? A. Epididymis B. Testicular artery C. Cremaster muscle D. Lymph nodes

A. Epididymis

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: A. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals. B. Ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement. C. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful. D. Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids.

A. a ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals

What renal condition is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver?

ADPKD

A 32 year old Female with vague abdominal pain and a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening with a comet tail artifact most likely has...

Adenomyomatosis

Which mass-like lesion may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?

Adrenal rests

Which of the following would be the least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant? A. Hematoma B. Biloma C. Ascites D. Urinoma

B. Biloma

Which of the following is associated with hypernatremia? A. Cushing syndrome B. Conn syndrome C. Pheochromocytoma D. Addison disease

B. Conn syndrome

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis? A. Alcohol abuse B. Hepatitis C. Trauma D. Gallstones

B. Hepatitis

What is the appearance of ARPKD?

Bilateral, enlarged echogenic kidneys

Within which parts of the pancreas are muscinous cystadenocarcinomas most often located?

Body and tail

Which of the following disorders is associated with the sonographic triangular cord sign? A. Cholangitis B. Choledocholithiasis C. Biliary Artesia D. Ascariasis

C. Biliary atresia

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? A. Bowel wall thickening B. Noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance C. Increased peristalsis D. Hyperemic wall

C. increased peristalsis

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: A. The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation B. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus C. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney D. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

C. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

All of the following are true of the spleen except: A. It is the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system B. The primary objective of the spleen is to filter the peripheral blood C. The spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border D. The spleen is considered the largest lymphatic organ

C. the spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border

Ascariasis is...

Caused by a parasitic roundworm

The spiral valves of Heister are found within the...

Cystic duct

Which of the following is not located within the mediastinum? A. Heart B. Thymus C. Esophagus D. Lungs

D. Lungs

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: A. Adrenal adenoma B. Hypertension C. Excessive thirst D. Thinning arms and legs

D. Thinning arms and legs

Coexisting obstruction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the...

Double-duct sign

The portion of the bowel that encompasses the head of the pancreas is the...

Duodenum

Diabetic patients suffering from acute Cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing...

Emphysematous cholecystitis

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Which part of the pancreas is located right lateral to SMV, anterior to IVC, and inferior to MPV?

Head

The most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the...

Head of the pancreas

What is the most common benign childhood hepatic mass?

Hemangioendothelioma

A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram. An evaluation of the spleen reveals a 1cm, rounded, echogenic mass that does not produce acoustic shadowing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hemangioma

What would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?

Hypercortisolism

The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with...

Intestinal obstruction

A 45 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Which of the following would be the most likely eitology of the palpable mass?

Lymphadenopathy

Hepatoma

Malignant tumor of the liver

What is the type of obstruction that refers to the bowel being physically blocked by something?

Mechanical

Which of the following is the most common form of salivary gland cancer?

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Wilms Tumor, aka...

Nephroblastoma

Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to the portal confluence?

Pancreatic neck

A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Peyronie disease

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the:

Pheochromocytoma

Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones? A. Phrygian cap B. Pregnancy C. Total parenteral nutrition D. Oral contraceptive use

Phrygian cap

A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology if this mass?

Pilondidal cyst

What is the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material?

Pitting

All of the following are clinical findings of HCC except: A. Reduction in AFP B. Unexplained Weight loss C. Fever D. Cirrhosis

Reduction in AFP

What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body?

Sarcoidosis

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and...

Seminal vesicles cysts

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the...

Seminoma

What is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin, and mouth?

Sjogren syndrome

What is the Thompson test?

The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

What happens to the duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication?

The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of ureterocele

The splenic hamartoma may be discovered more often in individuals with a history of:

Tuberous sclerosis

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, is:

Tuberous sclerosis

Which cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas?

acinar cells

What is the most common cause of ARF?

acute tubular necrosis

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of:

adenocarcinoma

The olive sign is best described as:

an enlarged palpable pyloric sphincter

What is the cause of Cushing disease?

anterior pituitary gland tumor

What is a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?

ascites

All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except: A. Internal calcifications B. Hyperechoic mass C. Cervical node involvement D. Solitary mass

b. hyperechoic mass

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Retroperitoneal mass C. Infertility D. Palpable extratesticular mass

b. retroperitoneal mass

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a

branchial cleft cyst

Which of the following is not associated with the development of pneumobilia? A. Cholangiopneumonia B. Gastric surgery C. Acute cholecystitis D. Fistula formation

cholangiopneumonia

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

cold nodule

What houses the male urethra?

corpus spongiosum

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: A. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue B. Isoechoic to the surrounding tissue C. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue D. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

d. anechoic to the surrounding tissue

All of the following are diagnostic findings of a likely benign thyroid nodule except: A. Anechoic nodule B. Eggshell calcification C. Hyperechoic nodule D. Cold nodule

d. cold nodule

With active internal hemorrhage, the patients hematocrit will:

decrease

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a(n):

deep vein thrombosis

What is the most common cause of CRF?

diabetes mellitus

The most common level for biliary obstruction to occur is the:

distal common bile duct

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

endocrine

Which segment of the biliary tree tends to dilate first with obstruction? Intrahepatic or extrahepatic?

extrahepatic

hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder

fills with sludge

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

The most common shape of an AAA is:

fusiform

Conn syndrome results from:

high levels of aldosterone

What is associated with E. granulosus?

hydatid liver cyst

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n):

hyperechoic mass

The spleen is a/an:

intraperitoneal organ

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

longus colli

The replacement of normal air-filled alveoli with fluid, inflammation, blood, or neoplastic cells is referred to as:

lung consolidation

What is included in the clinical findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis?

migraine medication use

Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen most likely represent:

multiple benign granulomas

A 35 year old male patient presents to the sonography department for an abdominal sonogram with a history of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis. What are you more likely to identify within the spleen?

multiple granulomas

A gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the

pancreas

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as:

pannus

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:

peripheral zone

A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply describes:

pulmonary sequestration

Psammoma bodies are

punctate calcific deposits

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the:

red pulp

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

sternocleidomastoid

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

strap

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

thyroglossal duct cysts

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

too few thyroid hormones

The most common location of BPH is the:

transitional zone

What is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?

ureterovesicular junction

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

varicocele

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is:

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is the:

white pulp

Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following except: A. Left-sided location B. Right-sided location C. Hepatomegaly D. Renal mass

A. Left-sided location

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: A. No intertesticular flow B. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis C. Reactive hydrocele D. Scrotal wall thickening

A. No intertesticular flow

Which of the following would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis? A. Thrombosis in the splenic vein B. Psuedoanurmsym of the SMA C. Thrombosis of the MPV D. Stenosis of the SMA

A. Thrombosis of the splenic vein

Abnormal lymph nodes typically measure more than:

10mm

Dilated veins of a varicocele will measure:

>2mm

What at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object?

Air

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except: A. Vomiting B. First-born male infant C. Red currant jelly stools D. Leukocytosis

B. First-born male infant

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? A. Ureterocele B. Urethritis C. Urolithiasis D. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

B. Urethritis

A 64 year old man presents to the sonography department for a RUQ exam. He is complaining of abdominal pain, weight loss, and pruritus. Sonographically, you visualize an area of dilated ducts that abruptly end. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Cholangiocarcinoma

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with

Cholesterolosis

Which of the following would be the most common cause of obstructive jaundice? A. Klatskin tumor B. Cholangiocarcinoma C. Biliary atresia D. Choledocholithiasis

D. Choledocholithiasis

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: A. Proteinuria B. Throat infection C. Azotemia D. Hypercalcemia

D. Hypercalcemia

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is:

Heterogeneous mass with calcifications

The most common location of a varicocele is:

The left side of the scrotum

A 23 year old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. What is associated with male infertility?

Varicocele

What is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?

Wharton duct