passpoint neurological
The nurse is reinforcing teaching about aspirin therapy with a client diagnosed with transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Which statement made by the client indicates understanding?
"Aspirin will help prevent me from having a stroke." Explanation: Aspirin is taken prophylactically to prevent cerebral infarction secondary to embolism and thrombosis. Headache is not common in TIAs. Aspirin can increase the chances of intracranial hemorrhage, especially if the dose is excessive. Aspirin can help reduce specific types of pain, but will not reduce the risk of having severe pain
When providing discharge teaching for a client with multiple sclerosis (MS), the nurse should include which instruction?
"Avoid hot baths and showers." Explanation: A client with MS should avoid hot baths and showers because these may exacerbate the disease. The nurse should encourage daytime naps because fatigue is a common symptom of MS. A client with MS doesn't require food or fluid restrictions.
A client at the eye clinic reports difficulty seeing at night. Which nutritional deficiency should the nurse be sure the client is monitored for?
vitamin A Explanation: Night blindness (nyctalopia) may be caused from a vitamin A deficiency or dysfunctional rod receptors. None of the other deficiencies leads to nyctalopia.
A nurse is educating the parents of a 1-year-old infant with otitis media. Which statement regarding predisposing factors for otitis media would be most accurate for the nurse to make?
"Eustachian tubes are short, wide, and straight and lie in a horizontal plane." Explanation: In an infant or child, the eustachian tubes are short, wide, and straight and lie in a horizontal plane, allowing them to be more easily blocked by conditions such as large adenoids and infections. Until the eustachian tubes change in size and angle, children are more susceptible to otitis media. Cartilage lining is underdeveloped, making the tubes more distensible and more likely to open inappropriately. The usual lying-down position of infants contributes to the pooling of fluid, such as formula in the pharyngeal cavity. Immature humoral defense mechanisms increase the risk of infection.
A client with new-onset seizures of unknown cause is started on phenytoin, 750 mg IV now and 100 mg P.O. t.i.d. Which statement best describes the purpose of the loading dose?
to more quickly attain therapeutic levels Explanation: A loading dose of phenytoin and other drugs is given to reach therapeutic levels more quickly; maintenance dosing follows. A loading dose of phenytoin can be oral or parenteral. Surgical excision of an epileptic focus is considered when seizures aren't controlled with anticonvulsant therapy. Phenytoin doesn't reduce secretions.
