PATH 370 - In Class Quiz 4 (ch. 27, 28, 29, 31, 33)

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by a. severe hypotension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. bilateral kidney stones. d. acute tubular necrosis.

c. bilateral kidney stones.

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is a. hypertension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. chronic pyelonephritis. d. polycystic kidney disease.

a. hypertension.

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of a. hyperparathyroidism. b. hypercalcemia. c. excess active vitamin D. d. phosphorous deficiency.

a. hyperparathyroidism.

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in a. a 70-year-old patient with heart failure. b. a 50-year-old patient post gallbladder surgery. c. a 12-year-old patient with recurrent bladder infections. d. a 30-year-old patient with appendicitis.

a. a 70-year-old patient with heart failure.

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is a. acute glomerulonephritis. b. polycystic kidney disease. c. cystitis. d. renal insufficiency.

a. acute glomerulonephritis.

The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n) a. elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate. b. middle-aged woman with bladder infection. c. young child with reflux at the ureterovesical junction. d. patient who has both hypertension and diabetes.

a. elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.

Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes a. fluid administration. b. potassium supplementation. c. fluid restriction. d. protein restriction.

a. fluid administration.

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by a. hypercalciuria. b. hypoparathyroidism. c. low urine pH. d. protein intake.

a. hypercalciuria.

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a. ischemic conditions. b. cytotoxic agents. c. immune reaction. d. prolonged postrenal kidney injury.

a. ischemic conditions.

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is a. serum creatinine. b. serum potassium. c. blood urea nitrogen. d. mental status change.

a. serum creatinine.

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by a. severe hypotension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. bilateral kidney stones. d. acute tubular necrosis.

a. severe hypotension.

The physiology that explains the intermittent nature of pain caused by a kidney stone is that a. ureters use peristalsis and gravity to move urine. b. ureters insert into the bladder at an angle. c. in men, the prostate gland surrounds the urethra. d. in men, the urethra is longer than in women.

a. ureters use peristalsis and gravity to move urine.

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux. b. nephrotic syndrome. c. respiratory disease. d. glomerulonephritis

a. urinary retention and reflux

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." d. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."

b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored."

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing a. hydronephrosis. b. acute tubular necrosis. c. nephrosis. d. renal inflammation.

b. acute tubular necrosis.

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because a. hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. b. albumin is excreted in the urine. c. albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. d. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome.

b. albumin is excreted in the urine.

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain due to a. associated infections. b. associated dermatomes. c. muscle tension. d. anxiety.

b. associated dermatomes.

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is a. acute glomerulonephritis. b. crescentic glomerulonephritis. c. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. d. chronic glomerulonephritis.

b. crescentic glomerulonephritis.

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called a. nephritic. b. nephralgia. c. nephrotic. d. nephronitis.

b. nephralgia.

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is a. clot. b. pelvic tumor. c. neurogenic bladder. d. papillary necrosis.

b. pelvic tumor.

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a. anuria. b. proteinuria. c. red blood cell casts in the urine. d. foul-smelling urine.

b. proteinuria.

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is a. oliguria. b. renal colic. c. urge incontinence. d. an abdominal mass.

b. renal colic.

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. pneumonia. b. throat infection. c. endocarditis. d. urinary tract infection

b. throat infection.

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by a. chronic loss of blood in the urine. b. poor appetite, with lack of iron intake. c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin. d. increased secretion of aldosterone.

c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin.

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease? a. hypokalemia. b. polyuria and nocturia. c. uremia. d. hematuria

c. uremia.

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia. b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. c. an anaphylactic reaction. d. an immune complex reaction.

d. an immune complex reaction.

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is a. urine obstruction. b. systemic bacteremia. c. urethral catheterization. d. infection by E. coli.

d. infection by E. coli.

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience a. oliguria and sodium retention. b. infections and sepsis. c. magnesium and phosphorus loss in urine. d. polyuria and sodium wasting.

d. polyuria and sodium wasting.

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a. hematuria. b. bacteriuria. c. glycosuria. d. porteinuria.

d. porteinuria.

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves a. reconstruction of the basement membrane. b. blocking the tubule lumens by dead cells. c. making the glomeruli patent again. d. regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.

d. regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.