Patho Exam 3

When a 3-day-old full-term infant has an elevated bilirubin level of 18 mg/dL (307.87 μmol/L), the nurse will expect to support which intervention? Phototherapy Decreasing or holding breast-feeding Exchange blood transfusion Retesting again in 4 hours

Phototherapy

A client tells the nurse that the doctor told her she has too many red blood cells accompanied by elevated white cells and platelet counts. The nurse recognizes this as: Polycythemia vera Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Hemolytic anemia

Polycythemia vera

The client explains to her new provider that she receives periodic phlebotomies to decrease her red blood cell mass. The provider believes the client may have: Polycythemia vera Sickle cell disease Beta-thalassemia Megaloblastic anemia

Polycythemia vera will reduce blood viscosity

The nurse is preparing a client with suspected leukemia for a bone marrow and biopsy. What preferred site will the nurse be sure is accessible for the physician? Clavicle Cervical spinous process Anterior femur Posterior iliac crest

Posterior iliac crest

A 69-year-old client who is obese and has a diagnosis of angina pectoris has been prescribed clopidogrel by the primary health care provider. The client asks, "Why do I need this medication? It won't help my chest pain." Which response by the nurse is the best explanation? Prevents the blood cells from forming a clot in your heart vessels Activates plasminogen, which converts to plasmin to digest clots in your heart vessels Inhibits the intrinsic clotting pathway to keep red blood cells from clumping together in the heart vessels Inactivates calcium ions, thereby preventing blood clotting

Prevents the blood cells from forming a clot in your heart vessels

When an Rh-negative mother has been sensitized and is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, what happens to the fetus? Bilirubin deficiency Nothing, this is normal Plasma volume depletion Profound red cell hemolysis

Profound red cell hemolysis

Heparin is an anticoagulant given by injection to prevent the formation of blood clots. How does heparin work?

Promotes the inactivation of clotting factors

Heparin is an anticoagulant given by injection to prevent the formation of blood clots. How does heparin work? Binds to factor X Promotes the inactivation of clotting factors Binds to factor Xa Promotes the inactivation of factor VIII

Promotes the inactivation of clotting factors

A client has been diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse correlates this diagnosis with which laboratory value? Reduction of white blood cells Relative polycythemia Increased hemoglobin counts Decreased inflammatory cytokines

Reduction of WBCs

The anemic client is receiving erythropoietin. If there is a marked increase in red blood cell production, which lab result would increase? Reticulocytes Neutrophils Platelets Lymphocytes

Reticulocytes

The practitioner carefully monitors his client who exhibits hemoglobin S (HbS) genes. The practitioner know that the client is predisposed to life-threatening infection due to damage by HbS to which organ? Spleen Lungs Heart Pancreas

Spleen

When red blood cells age, which organ is responsible for their destruction? Spleen Liver Kidneys Red bone marrow

Spleen

When it is determined that a client's red blood cells (RBCs) have a biconcave shape, what will be the nurse's reaction? The nurse will be pleased, as that shape allows for increased oxygen diffusion. The nurse will be concerned, as this is an indication of sickle cell anemia. The nurse will immediately notify the client's health care provider of this serious finding. The nurse will arrange for bedside oxygen for the client to use as needed.

The nurse will be pleased, as that shape allows for increased oxygen diffusion.

A client has an impaired platelet function that may have developed from inheritance, drugs, disease, or extracorporeal circulation. The health care provider would document this as:

Thrombocytopathy

A client was started on 5000 units of heparin twice daily. For which immune response-associated health problem should the nurse monitor this client? Antiphospholipid syndrome Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) von Willebrand disease Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia

A nurse is treating a client with aplastic anemia. Due to the replacement of normal bone marrow with malignant cells, the nurse teaches the client to prevent scratches, scrapes, and cuts. What root cause likely underlies the client's increased risk for hemorrhage?

Thrombocytopenia

A normally healthy client is diagnosed with polycythemia vera. The nurse should prioritize assessments aimed at the early identification of which complication associated with this diagnosis? Orthostatic hypotension Hyperventilation Vasculitis Thromboembolism

Thromboembolism

Thalassemia can be classed as major or minor. If therapy for thalassemia major is not started in infants who present with this disease, severe growth retardation will occur. At 6 months of age, which therapy must be started? Transfusion Infusion Vitamin Water

Transfusion

An infant from parents of Mediterranean decent has been diagnosed with a severe form of β-thalassemia anemia. The nurse caring for this infant knows that the infant will most likely receive which medical treatment? Transfusion therapy Iron sulfate supplements Stem cell transplant Warfarin, a blood thinner to decrease clot formation

Transfusion therapy

A client diagnosed with autosomal dominant von Willebrand factor disease (vWF) is experiencing mild to moderate bleeding. The health care provider would classify the diagnosis as: Type 2 Type 1 Type 3 Type 4

Type 2

What is the first stage of hemostasis?

Vessel spasm

The nurse is caring for a client who is a strict vegetarian; the client is at greatest risk for the development of: Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia Blood loss anemia Folic acid deficiency anemia Microcytic anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A client with an apparent clotting disorder is admitted to hospital. His health record reveals that he has been treated for complications of chronic alcoholism for the past 10 years. The nurse should suspect what cause of his clotting disorder? Von Willebrand disease Hemophilia Vitamin K deficiency Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Vitamin K deficiency

To form a platelet plug, platelets must adhere to the vessel inner layer. For this to occur, which protein molecule is required?

Von Willebrand factor

To form a platelet plug, platelets must adhere to the vessel inner layer. For this to occur, which protein molecule is required? Von Willebrand factor Plasminogen Lipoprotein Thromboxane A2

Von Willebrand factor

A nurse is caring for a client on a cardiac step-down unit who is recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI) and is getting ready to be discharged. The nurse is reviewing the physician's discharge instructions with the client when the client asks why aspirin is ordered every day and at such a low dose. The most accurate response by the nurse is that the purpose of the daily aspirin is to: ease any chest pain that may occur. prevent arterial thrombi formation. prevent venous thrombi formation. enhance blood flow to the myocardium.

prevent arterial thrombi formation.

A 25-year-old female client with primary antiphospholipid syndrome is discussing the possibility of becoming pregnant. The nurse shares which possible complication(s) that can occur as a result of this syndrome? Select all that apply. spontaneous miscarriage premature birth prolonged labor gestational diabetes placental insufficiency

spontaneous miscarriage premature birth placental insufficiency

A 42-year-old male client recently diagnosed with liver cancer is noted as at high risk for bleeding abnormalities. The nurse recognizes this risk as a result of:

the reduction of clotting factors synthesized in the liver.

A nurse assessing a client with an acute exacerbation of polycythemia vera notes coolness to the right leg and foot, pale color, and an absent right pedal pulse. Based on these findings the nurse suspects that the client has developed which complication? thrombosis in the right leg infection in the right leg compartment syndrome in the right leg edema in the right leg

thrombosis in the right leg

All cells of the body age and are replaced in a natural order. When RBCs age, they are destroyed in the spleen. During this process, the iron from their hemoglobin is released into the circulation and returned: to the bone marrow for incorporation into new RBCs. to the liver to bind with oxygen. to the lungs to bind with oxygen. to the muscles to be stored for strength.

to the bone marrow for incorporation into new RBCs.

Many different proteins, enzymes, and hormones are involved in maintaining hemostasis. Which protein is required for platelet adhesion?

von Willebrand factor

The dietary student is studying folic acid deficiency. The faculty member knows the student is ready to teach clients about this topic when the student makes which statement? "The 30-year-old client who is trying to become pregnant should evaluate her folic acid intake." "The client should increase his intake of cooked, green, leafy vegetables." "The client should have at least 200 micrograms in her daily diet." "Folate deficiency is not common in clients with neoplastic disease."

"The 30-year-old client who is trying to become pregnant should evaluate her folic acid intake."

The pathophysiology student is studying erythropoiesis. Which statement demonstrates understanding of this process? "Erythropoiesis refers to the production of red and white blood cells." "In a 30-year-old, red blood cell production takes place in the femur." "In a 4-year-old, red blood cells are produced mainly in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis." "The reticulocyte count serves as an index of erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow."

"The reticulocyte count serves as an index of erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow."

A nurse is teaching parents expecting their first child about the benefits of umbilical cord blood donation. The nurse determines teaching was effective based on which statement? "Umbilical cord blood can provide stem cells for transplantation." "Donated cord blood has stem cells that can be used for cloning experimentation." "Umbilical cord blood has stem cells that can generate red blood cells for transfusion." "Stem cells from umbilical cord blood can only be used on infants and children under the age of 5."

"Umbilical cord blood can provide stem cells for transplantation."

In a client with DIC, microemboli form, causing obstruction of blood vessels and tissue hypoxia. Common clinical signs may be due to what? Select all that apply. Circulatory failure Immunologic failure Renal failure Right ventricular failure Respiratory failure

-circulatory failure -renal failure -respiratory failure

A client comes to the clinic reporting a productive cough, fever, and malaise for the past week. A diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia is established. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse knows which feature(s) of the immune system have been initiated? Select all that apply. natural killer cells are activated increased numbers of neutrophils are released large amounts of IgE antibodies are produced complement proteins are activated antigens are formed from bacteria

-complement proteins are activated -antigens are formed from bacteria -natural killer cells are activated -increased numbers of neutrophils are released

An older adult client arrives with garbled speech, unilateral facial drooping, and weakness and unfortunately dies. Laboratory work reveals hematocrit of 54% (0.54). Which complication of polycythemia could most likely be associated with this client's death? Anaphylactic reaction Cerebral thrombosis Infection and sepsis Acute leukemia

Cerebral thrombosis

Which client likely has the highest risk of developing an acquired hypocoagulation disorder and vitamin K deficiency? -Client with a diagnosis of liver failure secondary to alcohol use disorder -Client with chronic renal failure as a result of type 1 diabetes mellitus -Client who is immunocompromised as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer -Client with dehydration and hypokalemia resulting from Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea

Client with a diagnosis of liver failure secondary to alcohol use disorder

A client has been placed on sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim as treatment for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for 10 days. After taking the medication for 8 days, the client comes to the health care provider's office complaining of multiple nosebleeds over the past day. Laboratory work shows a platelet count of 80,000/μL. The nurse practitioner suspects which condition?

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and started on intravenous heparin therapy. Seven days later, the client's lab values identify a rapid decrease in platelets. The health care provider recognizes this as: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Drug-induced thrombocytopenia Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia

During a discussion about the first stage of hemostasis, a group of nursing students note that endothelial injury initiates release of which substance that promotes vasoconstriction?

Endothelin 1

The microbiology technician explains to the student that which blood cell is the most common? Erythrocyte Platelet Neutrophil Lymphocyte

Erythrocyte

Which trend in the hematologic status of a 6-week-old infant (born at 32 weeks' gestation) most clearly warrants medical intervention? Decreasing red blood cell counts Increasing HgA levels Decreasing mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Extremely low hematocrit

Extremely low hematocrit

There are two pathways that can be activated by the coagulation process. One pathway begins when factor XII is activated. The other pathway begins when there is trauma to a blood vessel. What are these pathways?

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

Hemophilia A is a hereditary blood disorder caused by inadequate activity or absence of which blood component?

Factor VIII

A client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which the health care providers think was initiated by the intrinsic pathway, requiring which substance to begin the step-wise coagulation cascade? Protein C Thrombin Factor XII Tissue factor

Factor XII

The provider notes that the client's hemoglobin is 8.2 g/dL (82 g/L). Which supplement will the provider recommend to the client? Ferrous sulfate Magnesium oxide Potassium chloride Calcium carbonate

Ferrous Sulfate

The nurse is caring for a postsurgical client who is recovering from knee replacement surgery secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. When planning the client's care, the nurse should include what action? Passive range of motion exercises to the nonsurgical joints to prevent hemorrhage. Frequent assessment for signs of thrombosis or hemorrhage. Administration of vitamin K injections as ordered. Administration of a platelet transfusion, if deemed necessary.

Frequent assessment for signs of thrombosis or hemorrhage.

Which substance, when deficient, results in a diagnosis of anemia? Hemoglobin Blood plasma Platelets Folic acid

Hemoglobin

The client is an average-sized adult and has abnormal microcytic hypochromic red blood cells due to a long-term, chronic disease. Which complete blood count (CBC) result is characteristic of this type of anemia? Hematocrit 44% (0.44) Reticulocytes 1.5% (0.015) Band cells 700/µL (0.7 ×109/L) Hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL (78 g/L)

Hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL

The emergency department nurse is concerned that the client's snake bite may trigger disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). If this should occur, which clinical manifestations would be seen?

Hemorrhage

A nurse is caring for a client receiving heparin therapy. Five days after the start of therapy the nurse notices a sudden decrease in the platelet count. Which complication of heparin therapy can cause platelets to decrease?

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A nurse is monitoring a client with anemia and low oxygen levels. The nurse knows that which condition stimulates the secretion of erythropoietin? Low blood pressure Tachycardia Inflammation Hypoxia

Hypoxia

The client comes to the emergency department reporting fever, nausea and vomiting for three days. He tells the practitioner that he has not been able to eat or drink anything. Which lab results would the practitioner expect to find? Increased hematocrit Decreased erythrocytes Increased ferritin levels Decreased white blood count

Increased hematocrit hematocrit rises with dehydration

The nurse is assessing lab values of a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The nurse would anticipate which abnormal laboratory result?

Increased prothrombin time (PT)

Following a lecture on hemostasis, a nursing student accidently cuts her hand while preparing supper for her family. She watches the laceration very closely. Sure enough, the first thing she notes is:

Initially, it takes a few seconds for blood to appear as a result of vessel spasm.

A client has been admitted for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The client has not responded to corticosteroid treatment. The priority nursing intervention for this client would include which treatment measure?

Insert an intravenous catheter, so immune globulin can be administered in a timely manner.

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with anemia and notes that the client's skin and mucous membranes are pale. The nurse interprets this as: Insufficient hemoglobin Tissue hypoxia to the brain Changes in blood viscosity Presence of systolic murmur

Insufficient hemoglobin

The rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on availability of which substance? Iron Glucose Oxygen Calcium

Iron

A 15-year-old male client comes to the emergency department reporting fatigue and a rapid heartbeat and deni. In conversation with the parent, the nurse learns that the boy has grown 2 in (5 cm) in the previous 5 months. What is the first condition the health care team should attempt to rule out? Sickle cell disease Iron-deficiency anemia Thalassemia major Aplastic anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

The nurse is educating a pregnant client about the importance of dietary folic acid to prevent anemia. Which food source will the nurse encourage because it is high in folic acid? Kale Eggs Cottage cheese Carrots

Kale

A client is experiencing fatigue and laboratory results reveal: Hct 40% (0.40); Hgb 8 g/dL (80 g/L); WBC 8000 (8 x 109/L); and platelets 175,000/ µL (175 ×109/L). The nurse would interpret these results as indicative of which diagnosis? High platelets/thrombocytosis Low white blood cell (WBC) count/granulocytopenia Low hemoglobin/anemia High hematocrit/polycythemia

Low hemoglobin/anemia

The nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory data showing an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and a normal mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The client most likely has which type of anemia? Megaloblastic anemia Hemolytic anemia Sickle cell anemia Iron deficiency anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

The client is being crossmatched for a blood transfusion. The lab technologist notes that the client has neither A nor B antigens. Which type of blood should the client receive? O A B AB

O

A 40-year-old client has been admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit after having an anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse is reviewing modifiable risk factors with the client to avoid the redevelopment of thromboembolic complications, possibly leading to a second MI. Which of the following increases this risk? Oral contraceptives Caffeine intake Hypoglycemic states Factor V Leiden mutation

Oral contraceptives

A client is brought to the physician's office with a raised, red macular rash on the trunk and arms accompanied by a fever. A diagnosis of measles is made. Which type of immunity does this disease process provide? A. Passive artificial immunity B. Active natural immunity C. Active artificial immunity D. Passive natural immunity

B. Active natural immunity

An important function of the thymus is: A. to serve as a center for antibody production by immune cells. B. the production of mature, immunocompetent T lymphocytes. C. removal of foreign material from lymph before it enters the bloodstream. D. to filter antigens from the blood and respond to systemic infections.

B. the production of mature, immunocompetent T lymphocytes.

Pernicious anemia is thought to be an autoimmune disease that destroys the gastric mucosa. This results in chronic atrophic gastritis and the production of antibodies that interfere with which vitamin's ability to bind to intrinsic factor? Folate B12 Vitamin C B6

B12

A client who takes daily sodium warfarin states a desire to start exercising daily. What is the best advice for the nurse to give the client?

"Exercise will be beneficial to you, just be careful not to injury yourself or fall."

The nurse is caring for of a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the mother states: "I must stop breast-feeding my baby because of the anemia." "I need to decrease my baby's intake of whole milk to provide the best nutrition." "I need to feed my baby cereals with fortified iron." "I know this anemic condition can be resolved with good nutrition."

"I must stop breast-feeding my baby because of the anemia."

A 23-year-old female client has been diagnosed with von Willebrand disease following a long history of "heavy periods" and occasional nosebleeds. Which of the client's statements demonstrates a sound understanding of the new diagnosis?

"I'll make sure to take acetaminophen instead of aspirin when I get aches and pains."

A woman who has given birth 12 hours ago is displaying signs and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The client's husband is confused as to why a disease of excessive coagulation can result in bleeding. Which of the nurse's explanations best characterizes DIC? "So much clotting takes place that there are no available clotting components left and bleeding ensues." "Massive clotting causes irritation, friction, and bleeding in the small blood vessels." "Excessive activation of clotting causes an overload of vital organs, resulting in bleeding." "These same hormones and bacteria that cause clotting also cause bleeding."

"So much clotting takes place that there are no available clotting components left and bleeding ensues."

The nurse is assessing an 83-year-old adult client for signs and symptoms of anemia. What normal, age-related change increases this client's risk for anemia? Up to 20% of the RBCs in older adults are incapable of carrying oxygen. Aplastic anemia is common in older adults and the risks increase with each decade. Blood cells are not replaced as quickly as they are in younger clients. Gastrointestinal "microbleeds" are common after age 75.

Blood cells are not replaces as quickly as they are in younger clients

The client reports he has been noticing small amounts of blood in his stool for the last several weeks. The provider knows the client's red cell mass may reach which value without the occurrence of signs and symptoms? 50% 40% 70% 20%

50%

The nursing is reviewing assessment data of four clients. Which client is at greatest risk for developing pernicious anemia? A client who has undergone partial gastrectomy A client diagnosed with a neoplastic disorder A client of Italian heritage who had a colonoscopy A client who is recovering from a laparoscopic surgical procedure

A client who has undergone partial gastrectomy

A nurse is planning to teach a parent group about the spread of infection, the importance of vaccines, and active immunity. Which statements should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Active immunity is long-lasting and can improve on repeated exposures to an antigen. B. Active immunity can be acquired through the process of vaccination or from environmental exposure to an antigen. C. Active immunity can be passed from mother to fetus in order to provide temporary immune protection to a newborn. D. Immunization with IgG antibodies will provide long-term immunity against many infectious diseases. E. Active immunity allows the host's own immune system to develop an immunologic response.

A. Active immunity is long-lasting and can improve on repeated exposures to an antigen. B. Active immunity can be acquired through the process of vaccination or from environmental exposure to an antigen. E. Active immunity allows the host's own immune system to develop an immunologic response.

To form a platelet plug, platelets are attracted to the damaged vessel. What then occurs within the blood vessel?

Adhesion of the platelets

A client with a diagnosis of hemophilia A has been admitted with bilateral knee pain. The nurse should anticipate performing what intervention during the client's treatment? -Administration of factor VIII and implementation of fall prevention measures -Protective isolation and daily administration of subcutaneous vitamin K to prevent bleeding -Passive range of motion exercises and transfusion of platelets -Administration of corticosteroids and desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

Administration of factor VIII and implementation of fall prevention measures

Anticoagulant drugs prevent thromboembolic disorders. How does warfarin, one of the anticoagulant drugs, act on the body?

Alters vitamin K, reducing its ability to participate in the coagulation of the blood

A nurse is preparing her client for a blood transfusion. She knows that a client with type A blood is said to have which type of antibodies? B A A and B Neither A nor B

B

For which health problem is stem cell transplantation likely to be of therapeutic benefit? Aplastic anemia alpha-thalassemia Anemia resulting from a chronic disease Secondary polycythemia

Aplastic Anemia

How does low-dose aspirin therapy impact clot formation? Aspirin is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Aspirin acts as a clot buster by damaging fibrin strands. Aspirin has a negative effect on the platelet's adhesion abilities. Aspirin increases capillary permeability.

Aspirin is a platelet aggregation inhibitor.

A client with infectious mononucleosis asks the nurse why the lymph nodes are enlarged. Which statement is the nurse's appropriate response? A. "Your lymph nodes are blocked and need to be drained." B. "Your lymph nodes multiply to fight infection." C. "Your lymph nodes are infected and should be removed." D. "Your lymph nodes trap and destroy viruses."

D. "Your lymph nodes trap and destroy viruses."

A client had been exposed to a particular antigen and now experiences a repeat exposure. What stimulates a quicker immune response? A. antibodies B. macrophages C. immunity D. memory T cells

D. memory T cells

Increased platelet function, and consequently hypercoagulability, can be caused by which physiologic process? Factor V mutation Platelet insensitivity Damage to the vascular endothelium Decreased platelet numbers

Damage to the vascular membrane

Bilirubin is measured in the blood and reported on the laboratory results using which terms? Conjugated Soluble and insoluble Positive Direct and indirect

Direct & indirect

A nurse is caring for a client receiving heparin therapy who has developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Which nursing intervention does the nurse anticipate?

Discontinuation of heparin therapy

A nurse is caring for a client receiving heparin therapy who has developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Which nursing intervention does the nurse anticipate? Discontinuation of heparin therapy Administration of platelets Switching the client to warfarin therapy Monitoring the client's blood pressure every 2 hours

Discontinuation of heparin therapy

The process of clot retraction squeezes serum from the clot, thereby joining the edges of the broken vessel. Through the action of actin and myosin, filaments in platelets contribute to clot retraction. Failure of clot retraction is indicative of: absence of factor Xa. a low platelet count. an overabundance of factor Xa. a high platelet count.

a low platelet count.

A client suffered a laceration in his workshop and lost a significant amount of blood. The clots that formed have begun to retract. The process of clot dissolution has begun, which starts with:

activation of plasminogen.

A 10-month-old infant has begun to take his first steps and his mother has brought him for assessment because of swelling in his ankles and knees. The mother also states that he was eager to walk but has now regressed and cries when she tries to encourage it. The clinician should:

assess the child for signs and symptoms of hemophilia A.

A client with iron-deficiency anemia reports feeling "tired all of the time." What does the nurse understand may be the cause of the fatigue that the client is experiencing? A decrease in lactic acid Alteration in carbohydrate metabolism Chronic blood loss with inadequate iron available for recycling Increased diffusion of electrolytes

chronic blood loss with inadequate iron available for recylcling

A postpartum client develops uncontrolled postpartum bleeding, oozing from IV sites, a blood pressure of 82/40 mm Hg, and respiratory distress. Which complication does the nurse suspect is occurring? disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) thrombocytopathia immune thrombocytopenic purpura septic shock

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

The pathologic effects of the thalassemias are primarily due to which pathophysiologic process? Impaired hemoglobin synthesis Impaired folic acid absorption Erythropoietin deficiency Loss of iron

impaired hemoglobin synthesis

A female client comes to the clinic with symptoms of fatigue and heavy menses over the past 6 months. Laboratory tests reveal a microcytic hypochromic anemia. Based on these results, the nurse anticipates teaching the client about which type of anemia? iron-deficiency anemia aplastic anemia sickle-cell anemia anemia related to kidney disease

iron-deficiency anemia

A 40-year-old client is admitted to the hospital after experiencing 3 days of extreme vomiting. The doctor reviews the lab results and notes that the hemoglobin and hematocrit are elevated. What is the likely cause of these abnormal lab findings? Manifestation of dehydration Increased production of red cells by the body Extreme blood loss Normal consequence of aging

manifestation of dehydration

The client with chronic kidney disease and heart failure is weak and dyspneic. Laboratory work reveals a hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dl (65 g/l). Which type of blood product will nurse expect the health care provider to order? packed red blood cells whole blood albumin plasma

packed red blood cells