Patho Quiz
Which statement is the most important for a nurse to make to a patient who is taking methimazole?
You need to notify your doctor if you have a sore throat and fever."
The posterior pituitary gland secretes:
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
A characteristic of pituitary adenomas would include that they:
arise from the anterior pituitary.
A patient has been given instructions about levothyroxine [Synthroid]. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of these instructions?
"I'll take this medication in the morning so as not to interfere with sleep."
A patient with Graves' disease is treated with iodine-131 therapy. Which statement by the patient would indicate understanding of the treatment's effects?
"I'll tell my doctor if I have fatigue, hair loss, or cold intolerance."
A patient is receiving desmopressin [DDAVP] for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Which instruction is the priority for a nurse to give the patient?
"Reduce your water intake to prevent water intoxication."
The nurse is teaching the patient about oral steroid therapy. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
"When I am traveling for work I will take lower doses."
The healthcare provider orders octreotide [Sandostatin LAR] 250 mcg IM now. The available medication is octreotide [Sandostatin LAR] 1000 mcg/mL. The nurse plans to administer how much?
0.25 mL
The healthcare provider orders hydrocortisone sodium succinate [Solu-Cortef] 500 mg IV now. The available medication is hydrocortisone sodium succinate [Solu-Cortef] 1000 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse administer?
0.5 mL
The healthcare provider orders 150 mcg of levothyroxine [Synthroid] PO every morning. The medication available is levothyroxine [Synthroid] 75-mcg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer?
2
A nurse should consider which diagnostic test a priority to obtain before a patient receives iodine-131?
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test
A patient experiences nausea, vomiting, loss of body hair, fatigue, weakness, and hypoglycemia. The hormone deficiency the patient is most likely experiencing is that of:
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are products of which structure?
Anterior pituitary gland
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient who has Addison's disease and is taking hydrocortisone [Cortef]. Which of these outcomes should receive priority in the plan?
At times of stress, the patient increases the glucocorticoid dose
A patient in cardiac arrest receives vasopressin [Pitressin] during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). An increase in which finding would indicate a desired effect of the medication?
Blood pressure
A nurse administers dexamethasone [Decadron], 1 mg, at 11:00 PM to a patient who has suspected adrenal dysfunction. The nurse obtains blood for which of these laboratory tests at 8:00 AM the next morning?
Cortisol
Which term describes "obvious changes in cell function that result from stimulation by a particular hormone"?
Direct effects
A patient who has Cushing's syndrome is taking ketoconazole [Nizoral] as an adjunct treatment to brain radiation. A nurse should expect the patient to have which of these therapeutic responses?
Enhanced radiation effect to the brain
A pediatric patient has gigantism caused by excess growth hormone (GH). Which finding would indicate to the nurse that the patient has developed an additional complication related to this condition?
Enlarged heart on chest x-ray
Which finding in a patient taking levothyroxine [Synthroid] and warfarin [Coumadin] would require follow-up by a nurse?
Excessive bruising
The nurse is planning care for a patient with signs of acute adrenal insufficiency. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Fluid volume deficit
Which nursing diagnosis should be the priority for a patient who is receiving desmopressin [DDAVP]?
Fluid volume imbalance
Two siblings are diagnosed with a thyroid disorder due to destruction of thyroid tissue by lymphocytes and circulating thyroid autoantibodies. This pathology is likely the result of:
Hashimoto disease
Which symptom would a patient diagnosed with pheochromocytoma also experience?
Headaches
A patient develops severe dehydration and hyperglycemia in the absence of ketosis. Which of the following conditions does this patient have?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)
A nurse is caring for a patient with decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The nurse knows the patient is likely suffering from what?
Hypothyroidism
Which statements about hydrocortisone are correct? (Select all that apply.)
It is a synthetic steroid identical to cortisol. It is a preferred drug for adrenocortical insufficiency It has glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions
An adult patient who has GH deficiency is receiving somatropin [Nutropin]. An increase in which finding would indicate to the nurse that the patient is improving?
Lean body mass
Which statements about levothyroxine [Synthroid] are correct? (Select all that apply.)
Levothyroxine can be given by IV but is usually taken orally. Levothyroxine brands should not be changed if possible. Levothyroxine can affect the metabolism of other medications
The effects of glucocorticoids includes: (select all that apply)
Metabolic anti-inflammatory growth suppression
A patient is taking fludrocortisone [Florinef]. A nurse should recognize that the patient is at risk for developing an electrolyte imbalance if the patient reports which symptom?
Muscle weakness
When assessing a patient who has Cushing's syndrome, a nurse associates which clinical manifestations with this disorder? (Select all that apply.)
Osteoporosis Moon face Glycosuria Mood swings
The patient states that when he takes hydrocortisone 24 mg in the morning, he is very tired by mid-afternoon. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
You can take 16 mg in the morning and 8 mg in the afternoon."
Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary?
Prolactin
Which outcome should a nurse establish for a patient who has acromegaly and is receiving octreotide [Sandostatin]?
Softening of facial features
A patient experiences retinopathy due to diabetes. There is venous dilation, microaneurysm formation, and blot hemorrhages. Which stage of retinopathy is this patient experiencing?
Stage I
Which manifestations should a nurse investigate first when monitoring a patient who is taking levothyroxine [Synthroid]?
Tachycardia
The patient reports that she had to switch pharmacies to save money. She noticed that her "thyroid pill" looks different. The nurse anticipates that the healthcare provider will order what?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which manifestation would the nurse most clearly associate with a tumor of the hypothalamus?
Unstable body temperature
A patient who has diabetes insipidus is receiving desmopressin [DDAVP]. Which laboratory test should a nurse obtain to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication?
Urine specific gravity
A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and is unable to produce insulin. The pancreatic cells that are most likely damaged are the:
beta.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) may result from: (select all that apply)
ectopic production of ADH by tumors pulmonary disorders like asthma. central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis. psychiatric disease treated with antidepressants or antipsychotics.
A symptom of prolactinoma includes:
galactorrhea
Abnormalities in endocrine function may be caused by a(n): (select all that apply)
glandular dysfunction. altered metabolism of the hormones. faulty feedback systems. hormone production by nonendocrine tissues.
A characteristic of a hormone includes: (select all that apply)
having specific rates and rhythms of secretion. affecting only cells with appropriate receptors being excreted by the kidneys or metabolized by liver.
If the outer two layers of the adrenal cortex are removed, the patient will experience:
hyperkalemia.
A symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is:
hyponatremia (dilutional)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a result of:
increased fat metabilization
Mediation used to treat thyrotoxic crisis includes:
iodine
Medication used to treat thyrotoxic crisis includes:
iodine
Which is true regarding acromegaly? It:
is the result of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Myxedema coma is generally associated with:
lactic acidosis
Which is a characteristic of the hypothalamus? It is:
made up of neurosecretory neurons that secrete releasing hormones.
The posterior pituitary is composed of the: (select all that apply)
median eminence stalk infundibular process
Risk factors for insulin resistance include: (select all that apply)
obesity inactivity age medications
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitay
oxytocin
a patient with visual changes beginning in one eye then progress to the second eye could be experiencing:
pituitary adenoma
A newly diagnosed diabetic patient will exhibit symptoms of: (select all that apply)
polydipsia polyphagia weight loss
It is true that neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI): (select all that apply)
results from low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). occurs with organic lesion of the hypothalamus or pituitary. is caused by low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which is a characteristic of the parathyroid gland? It:
secretes the most important factor in Ca++ regulation.
When a patient is diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma, patient education concerning the disease should include information that:
thyroid carcinoma the most common endocrine malignancy
