Patient Management 1

Which is the *Acceptable CDC water quality* in a dental office? <250 CFU/mL <500 CFU/mL <125 CFU/mL <700 CFU/mL

* < 500 CFU/mL* is the acceptable CDC Water Quality in a dental office

*OSHA standard* for *MERCURY* is 1. 1mg per cubic meter for 8 hr work shift 2. 0.1 mg cubic meter for 4 hr work shift 3. 0.5 mg cubic meter for 8 hr work shift 4. 0.05 mg cubic meter for 4 hr work shift

*0.05mg Cubic Meter* for *4 hour work shift* is the SOHA standard for MERCURY

Most epidemiologic studies indicate that gingivitis in children is relatively common A strong positive association between specific nutritional deficiencies and the presence of periodontal disease in children and adults has been demonstrated. 1. both r true 2. both r false 3. 1st true, 2nd false 4. 1st false , 2nd true

*1st statement True* the *Second statement is FALSE* note: there is *NO research* that states Nutritional deficiency will lead to gingivitis

Dental waterline should be flushed at beginning of day for 1.30 sec 2.45 sec 3.60 sec

*30 Seconds*

*5 year survival rate* of *OROPHARYNGEAL cancer* is 1-25% 2-50% 3-60% 4-75%

*50%* is the survival rate of OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

The following were the scores for six dental students in their restorative dentistry exam : 56, 64, 68,46, 82,86. Therefore the median is_____________ 68 64 67 40 66

*66* because its in the middle

*Percentage* of USA with *Community water fluoridation* a. 40% b. 60% c. 80%

*80%* (or *74%*) note: in Mosbys: pg. 220 it states it is *74*

how does parent of *special needs* child feel most of the time? a.Hopeless b.depressed c.agitated

*Agitated*

If a dentist is stuck with a needle while treating an *HIV-infected patient*, which should he perform? a.Stop work and apply hypochlorite 1:10 to the finger for 5 minutes b.Stop work, compress the affected area, and apply hypochlorite c.Antiretroviral therapy d.Stop work, compress the affected area, and wash with soap and water

*Anti-Retroviral Therapy*

*persistent* and *repetitions questions* asked by an 8 years old patient during treatment are ? a. attempted to delay treatment b. medication of hyperactivity c. sign that child may be autistic d. expression of the child curiosity about the treatment.

*Attempted Delayed Treatment*

Providing and explaining the informed consent to the patient in understandable terms is considered a duty of: 1. The office receptionist 2. Dental assistant 3. Resident 4. Attending dentist

*Attending Dentist*

One of your patient is having a dental problem that is not under your capability and you are *referring that patient to a specialist* ,this type of behavior comes under which of the following codes? 1)autonomy 2)beneficience 3)veracity 4)nomaleficience

*BENEFICIENCE* under the ADA the dentist should DO NO HARM. stated that they should Refer

Which is the best question to ask a slightly nervous child? 1.Are you worried about pain? 2.Are you nervous? 3."Why can't you be quiet?" 4."Can you tell me what is bothering you?" Are you worried about the needle?"

*Can you Tell me what is bothering you, are you worried about the needle*?

Percentage of *DFS* is Higher in which group: -Caucasians -Hispanics -Blacks -Asians

*Caucasians* or *Whites* note: mosbys: Whites have signigicantly higher coronal DFS compared with nonwhites. Twice as much as African americans

Which of the following may be used to disinfect *gutta percha points*? 1)Glass bead 2)Autoclave 3)Chemical solutions 4)Dry heat

*Chemical Solutions* will be used to Disinfect Gutta Percha Points

On a *Prepayment basis*, dental patients receive care at *specified facilities* from a limited number of dentists. This *practice plan* is classified as which of the following? -Closed panel -Open panel -Group practice -Solo practice

*Closed Panel* means choices of Dental Professionals is *Limited*

*network model* is often used in 1. D-IPA 2. D-HMO 3. D-PPO

*D-IPA* is the *Independent Practice Association* uses the *Netowork Model*

Which federal agency protects the health of Americans and provides essential human services? -NIH -HRSA -DHHS -AHRQ -None of the above

*DHHS* Department of Human Health Services provides Help to Americans

According to ADA publication entitled principles of ethics and code of professional conduct, adentist can announce specialization in which of the following? a. implantology b. hospital dentistry c. aesthetic dentistry d. dental public health e. geriatric dentistry

*Dental Public Health*

A moderately *mentally challenged 5-year-old child* becomes *physically combative*. The *parents are unable to calm the child*. Which action should the dentist take? -Force the nitrous oxide nosepiece ---over the child's mouth and nose. -Hand over mouth exercise (HOME). -Discuss the situation with the parents. -Firm voice control.

*Discuss the Situation with the Parents* if becomes combative

In the section of a scientific aritcle,the researcher interprets and explains the *RESULTS* were obtained in? 1)results 2)summary and conclusion 3) discussion 4)abstract 5)none of the above

*Discussion*

Which is the most important feature of *Systematic Desensitization*? -Muscle relaxation -Diaphragmatic breathing -Cognitive restructuring -Exposure -Education

*EXPOSURE* *Systemic Desensitization* - requires *Exposing patients to a stimulus* and increasing the stimulus

*HIPAA* was designed to A) ensure the security and privacy of health information B) provide insurance coverage for providers C) increase hospital testing ability D) encourage employees to stay in their jobs to retain insurance coverage

*Ensure the security and privacy of HEALTH Information*

Which is *NOT* a part of *classical conditioning*: 1. Acquisition 2. Equilibration 3. Discrimination 4. Generalization 5. Extinction 6. Spontaneous recovery

*Equilibration* is not part of Classical Conditioning

Which of the following is the principal *nonverbal cue* that two or more people can use to regulate *Verbal Communication*? -eye contact -gentle touch -facial expressions

*Eye contact*

what do we watch in a patient during dental dental treatment to find out if he's in pain?? 1) saliva 2) hair 3) lips 4) eyes 5) eye brows

*Eyes*

Test result which erroneously *assigns an individual to a specific diagnostic or reference group*, due particularly to *insufficiently exact methods* of testing is known as: A false negative test A true negative test A false positive test A true positive test

*False Positive Test*

A patient has difficulty inhibiting the *gag reflex* during *x-ray procedures*. The patient is asked to take an x-ray packets home and practice holding the packet in his mouth for increasingly longer periods. Which technique is being used? -Graded exposure -Modeling -Reinforcement -Behavioral control -Systematic desensitization

*Graded Exposure*

A student performs a complicated symphony, and he becomes *LESS ANXIOUS each time he performs.* Which phenomenon is this? -Systematic desensitization -Habituation -Covert conditioning -Cognitive restructuring -Psychoeducation

*Habituation* Habituation: is the Decrease in Response that occurs as a result of repeated or prolonged exposure to a conditioned stimulus

*Ryan white care act* provides dental care to *HIV + / AIDS* individual. They get their funds via: 1. NIH 2. AHRO 3. HRSA 4. NIDCR

*Health Resource Services Agency* the *HRSA* or *HRSA* provides funds to HIV/AIDS patients

if there is an article and if you want to understand the definition of *Dependent* and *independent*, which part of the article you look: -Introduction -Method -Body -Result -Summary

*Introduction* -educate the reader regarding the history of the problem.

A patient after extraction says *"Thank you ,that wasnt as bad as i expected*, but my sister told me that the *first night after having a tooth pulled is very painful* What if the medication u gave me isnt strong enough!? Choose the most appropriate answer. 1)Did she make you feel worried about that? 2)It sounds like you are worried that you might not have enough pain relief when ur home. 3)I understand your concern 4)Dont worry i'll give you plenty of pain medication 5)it sounds like your sister had a unusually bad experiance.Dont let other worry you,you'll be just fine.

*It Sounds like you are worried that you might not have enough pain relief when you are home* is the correct response in this situation

which of the following MOST accurately explains how *biofeedback* works a. it reduced cognitive dissonance b. it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system c. it relax and to some extent hypnotizes the patient d. it distracts and engages the patient in an active coping task. e. it enables the patient to gain control of certain physiological function

*It enables the patient to GAIN CONTROL of certain Physiological functions* this is what *Biofeedback* does

Through the *bloodborne pathogen standard*, the *occupational safety and health administration* directs activity for each of the following except one. Which one is the *exception*? a. Using barrier techniques b. Using material safety data sheets c. Obtaining hepatitis B vaccines d. Communicating hazards to employees e. Performing housekeeping

*Material Safety Data Sheets* - are from the Manufacturer

The following component of a scientific article provides the reader with *DETAILED information* regarding the *STUDY DESIGN*: A. Introduction B. Background C. Literature review D. Methods E. Abstract

*Methods* METHODS sectio organizes the research article and allows the reader to assess the validity of the study and the reliability of the measures. .

*Restoring a carious tooth* relieved the toothache in a patient which further *motivated* him to perform *BETTER oral health care*. This is a type of 1. Positive reinforcement 2. Negative reinforcement 3. Positive punishment 4. Negative punishment

*NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT* When a Painful experience makes you change your behavior * Negative reinforcement* involves the taking away of an * unwanted stimulus* in order to achieve desirable behavior. For example, when a child has a toothache, the parent may take the child to a dentist, which is sometimes a terrifying experience for the child. After the dentist takes care of the tooth ache, it may encourage regular dental visits, which is a healthy behavior.

information about subjects in a study included their *ethnicity*. what *level of measurement* is *ethnicity*? 1. ordinal 2. nominal 3. ratio 4. Interval

*Nominal* notes: 1. *Nominal* Genotype of names example: Gender, Race, .. 2. Ordinal: Gingival INdex 3. Interval: Celsius temperature 4. Ratio: BP, Pulse, Height

While extracting a maxillary molar, you lose a root down the maxillary sinus which cannot be retracted at the moment. You *do not inform* the patient of the incident. Which code of ethical principle did you break? 1. Beneficence 2. Non malifecence 3. Patient Autonomy 4. Veracity 5. Justice

*Non-Malieficence*? -which is do No harm notes: -*Autonomy*: the dentist has a duty to respect the patient's rights to self determination & Confidentiality. -*Nonmaleficence*: *Do no harm*, dentist must refrain from harming the patient. -*Justice* -Denitst has right to Treat People Fairly

Which of the following computer databases contain references to *dental literature electronically* ? 1)LEXUS 2)OVOID-MEDLINE 3)Dental Abstracts 4)Index to dental Literature

*Ovoid-medline* database is a set of *Dental Literature electronically*

Which of the following is a *social enforcer* for a *child*? a. Dentist provides toothbrush kit b. Allows child to watch his favorite tv show c. Provide the child with stickers of his best cartoons d. Pat on the back of the child's shoulder

*Pat on the back of the Childs shoulder* is a *Social Enforcer*

In pursuit of what the dentist believes is best for the patient, the dentist attempts to *control patient behavior*. This is known as: a. Autonomy b. Competence c. Maleficence d. Paternalism

*Paternalism*

In assessing patient's *dental fears*, the dentist should use each of the following factors *except one*. Which one is the *exception*? a. Verbal statements b. Physiological responses c. Behavior d. Personality

*Personality*

HOME is an example of: 1. Positive reinforcement 2. Negative reinforcement 3. Positive punishment 4. Negative punishment

*Positive Punishment* when you *ADD* something due to a behavior

Which is *NOT correct* about *stress*? a. Predictability-less predictability causes more stress. b. Controllability - less controllability causes the more stress. c. Familiarity-less familiarity causes more stress. d. Positive situations are less stressful than negative situations. e. Imminence-more imminent situations are more stressful.

*Positive Situations* are *LESS STRESSFUL* than *Negative Situations* this is NOT true they are both stressful.

The *measure* of the *quality of care provided* in a particular setting is called: Quality assurance Quality evaluation Quality assessment Quality inspection

*Quality Assessment* - is the Measure of the Quality of care provided in a particular setting

A patient says that, *"Even if there is some pain, it will be brief. I have effective methods of coping."* The *patient REMINDS himself of this during dental procedures*. This patient's statement exemplifies which strategy? -Self-efficacy induction -Relaxation statement -Rational response -Imagery -Systematic desensitization

*Rationale Response*

On the basis of diagnostic test results, a dentist classifies a group of patients as being *Free From the Disease*. These results possess high a. Sensitivity b. Specificity c. Generalizability d. Repeatability

*Specificity*

Which term listed below measures the proportion of those *without disease* who are correctly identified by a *negative test*: -Specificity -Sensitivity -Reliabilty

*Specificity* are *Free* from the disease

*outliers* control? -mean -median -mode -Standard deviation

*Standard deviation* is controlled by *outliers* The MOST Common method of DISPERSION in the oral hygiene research the rperesents the range of data: is *Standard Deviation*

Stress and illness are often related. The best description of their relationship is which of the following? a. Stress is primary cause of illness b. Illness is adaptation to stress c. Stress is a psychological reaction d. They often occur together but are casually unrelated e. Stress is contributory to illness and illness is usually stressful

*Stress is contributory to illness and illness is usually stressful*

The *substitution* of a *relaxation response* for an *anxiety response* using a relaxation strategy such as *diaphragmatic breathing* when one is exposed to a feared stimuli is called? 1)Progressive muscle stimulation 2)Habituation 3)Flooding 4)Systematic desensitization 5)Biofeedback

*Systemic Desensitization*

A 38-year-old man is *fearful of injections*. First, you *show him the syringe*. You talk about the characteristics of the needle. You then place the needle in his mouth with the *cap on* and *simulate the procedure* with the cap on. You then simulate the procedure with the cap off. Eventually, you proceed with the injection. What method is being used to reduce fever? 1.Cognitive control 2.Systematic desensitization 3.Habituation 4.Flooding 5.Behavior modification

*Systemic Desensitization*? what is the difference between flooding and systemic desensitlization? Ans. Systemic desensitization uses a hierarchy of slowly increasing the anxiety provoking stimuli like from least anxiety provoking to most allowing the pt to use his coping skills. In flooding there is a intense prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus at a time wherein the pt uses coping skills to deal with the exposure. In simple language systemic desensitization is step by step increase stimulus And In flooding, it is everything at a single step

Most Appropriate test to determine the Differences between two means? -CHI SQUARE TEST -T TEST -BOTH

*T-Test* is the *difference* between *Two means*

Which of the following exhibits the MOST personal behavior by the dentist A. leaning toward the patient B. facing directly toward the patient C. being seated 2 feet from the patient D. touching the patient gently on the arm

*Touching the patient on the ARM*

Researches showed to remove plaque from the resident's teeth more effectively with mechanical toothbrushes than with manual ones. What is the *independent variable* in this study? 1) The gingival health of the residents 2) The amount of plaque present on the resident's teeth 3) The type of toothbrush used 4) Time of day that brushing took place 5) How long teeth were brushed

*Type of toothbrush USED*

Which of the following are necessary for a test to be accurate? 1)specificity 2)reliability 3)validity 4)sensitivity

*Validity*

When a patient *expresses anger* about a *physician's colleague*, which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response? a. Why are you so aggravated over something so trivial? b. Before I ask any questions, please calm down. c. What concerns do you have about how you were treated? d. Why don't we go talk to Dr. X about your anger?

*What Concerns do you have about how you were treated*

In an experiment comparing the effectiveness of *new flouride gel* verses an *older flouride gel*, a *null hypothesis* is *REJECTED* when: 1) a chi square is zero 2) a chi square is high 3) a chi square is low 4) the experimental and control groups have similar results

a CHI Square is *HIGH* note: If you have HIGHER CHI-SQUARE, there is a high likely chance of your *P-Value* being less than 0.05, so in that case you *REJECT your NULL HYpothesis*

*Contaminate sharps* must be handled in such ways *except* for a.The container must be labeled b.The container has a metal case c.The container has to be non puncturable d.The container must be closable.

the *Container must have a metal case* this is not true, some Sharps containers are made of plastic.

The most important concept of *C.E.A. Winslow's* definition of public health is: -To encourage mental and physical efficiency -Promotion through organized community effort -Individuals acting alone can solve any problem -The science and art of preventing disease

the *Science & Art of Preventing Disease* *C.E.A Winslow*, Characterized Public health practice as the science and art of *Disease prevention*, Prolonging life, and promoting health and well-being through organized community effort.