PBS Unit 4 Chapter Study Guide
the heart is made of muscle and has _____________ chambers
4
which of the following connections is correct? A. P wave = ventricular contraction B. QRS = ventricular contraction C. T wave = atrial contraction D. P wave = ventricular repolarization
B
test that measures the electrical activity of the heart
EKG
the genotype most associated with all mutated LDL receptors is _________
FF
explain why an astronaut, after 3 weeks in space, might experience fatigue and weakness for a short time upon returning to earth. you should focus on blood pressure in your answer.
No gravity = low blood pressure, nothing to pull blood through to your feet and arms
what does an EKG actually measure? What can that tell a cardiologist (in general)?
The functioning of your heart contractions, atria and ventricles open and close.
the purpose of PCR is to _____________
amplify amount of DNA
a(n) _____________ is an imaging test that uses dye and x-rays to view your body's blood vessels
angiogram
a tiny balloon inserted to keep a passageway open into a blood vessel is called a(n) ____________
angioplasty
In the EKG to the right, the P wave is completely absent. What is not happening in the heart?
atria are NOT contracting
arteries carry blood ________ from the heart while veins carry blood _______ the heart
away / into
Rheumatic fever is a bacterial disease that can result in degeneration of heart valves that would cause?
backflow of blood
the study of the heart and its actions and diseases is called
cardiology
metabolic syndrome is marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of ___________ and ______________.
cardiovascular disease / Type 2 Diabetes
the effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure would be
decreased flow, increase pressure
pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is relaxed
diastolic
which of the following molecules is not a lipid?
glucose
the number of beats (contractions of the heart muscle) in one minute
heart rate
which of the following is NOT true of cholesterol?
helps produce bile
which of the following associations is correct?
high LDL - high risk for heart disease
to prevent fainting, as a person moves from a prone (lying down) to a standing position, blood pressure will _________
increase quickly
the wall of the _________ is thicker because is has to pump blood to the whole body
left ventricle
what characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?
length of fragments
Cholesterol is synthesized in the _________ and absorbed in the ____________
liver / small intestines
which of the following procedures is NOT used to treat an occluded blood vessel?
mitral valve replacement
the scientific term for a heart attack is ______________
myocardial infarction
what property of DNA causes it to migrate to the opposite pole of the electrophoresis apparatus?
negative phosphate group
the left side of the heart contains ____________ blood and the right side contains __________ blood.
oxygenated / deoxygenated
the heart has two pumps. the ________ circuit pumps blood to the lungs and the ___________ circuit pumps blood to the body
pulmonary / systemic
all arteries carry oxygenated blood except the __________
pulmonary artery
which structure would normally contain deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
the blood from the left ventricle travels through the ___________ valve and then to the _________
semilunar - aortic / aorta
the pacemaker of the heart is the ____________
sino atrial node
when compared to arteries, veins generally:
smaller with thin walls
What are two causes of blood pressure changes that might occur in a person within a given day?
stress, exercise, laying down, standing up
a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by a blood clot in the brain is called a ________
stroke
Starting with the vena cava, list the structures in order in the blood would meet during its travel through the heart (include valve, lungs and body extremities)
superior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta - body
pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is pumping
systolic
Explain two things that can lead to a change in heart rate, including effect each has on heart rate.
temperature: cold = slows down / hot = speeds up exercise: increases muscle demand and heart rate
this structure of the heart is responsible for preventing blood from flowing in the wrong direction
valves
a coronary bypass is a surgical bypass operation performed to divert blood around an obstruction in a coronary artery. One end of the bypass connects into the coronary artery past the obstruction. Where does the other end connect?
vena cava
an abnormal T Wave on an EKG could represent problems with:
ventricle repolarization
too much fat in the __________ area increases the risk of heart and blood vessel disease and diabetes
waist