PBS Unit 4 Chapter Study Guide

the heart is made of muscle and has _____________ chambers

4

which of the following connections is correct? A. P wave = ventricular contraction B. QRS = ventricular contraction C. T wave = atrial contraction D. P wave = ventricular repolarization

B

test that measures the electrical activity of the heart

EKG

the genotype most associated with all mutated LDL receptors is _________

FF

explain why an astronaut, after 3 weeks in space, might experience fatigue and weakness for a short time upon returning to earth. you should focus on blood pressure in your answer.

No gravity = low blood pressure, nothing to pull blood through to your feet and arms

what does an EKG actually measure? What can that tell a cardiologist (in general)?

The functioning of your heart contractions, atria and ventricles open and close.

the purpose of PCR is to _____________

amplify amount of DNA

a(n) _____________ is an imaging test that uses dye and x-rays to view your body's blood vessels

angiogram

a tiny balloon inserted to keep a passageway open into a blood vessel is called a(n) ____________

angioplasty

In the EKG to the right, the P wave is completely absent. What is not happening in the heart?

atria are NOT contracting

arteries carry blood ________ from the heart while veins carry blood _______ the heart

away / into

Rheumatic fever is a bacterial disease that can result in degeneration of heart valves that would cause?

backflow of blood

the study of the heart and its actions and diseases is called

cardiology

metabolic syndrome is marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of ___________ and ______________.

cardiovascular disease / Type 2 Diabetes

the effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure would be

decreased flow, increase pressure

pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is relaxed

diastolic

which of the following molecules is not a lipid?

glucose

the number of beats (contractions of the heart muscle) in one minute

heart rate

which of the following is NOT true of cholesterol?

helps produce bile

which of the following associations is correct?

high LDL - high risk for heart disease

to prevent fainting, as a person moves from a prone (lying down) to a standing position, blood pressure will _________

increase quickly

the wall of the _________ is thicker because is has to pump blood to the whole body

left ventricle

what characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?

length of fragments

Cholesterol is synthesized in the _________ and absorbed in the ____________

liver / small intestines

which of the following procedures is NOT used to treat an occluded blood vessel?

mitral valve replacement

the scientific term for a heart attack is ______________

myocardial infarction

what property of DNA causes it to migrate to the opposite pole of the electrophoresis apparatus?

negative phosphate group

the left side of the heart contains ____________ blood and the right side contains __________ blood.

oxygenated / deoxygenated

the heart has two pumps. the ________ circuit pumps blood to the lungs and the ___________ circuit pumps blood to the body

pulmonary / systemic

all arteries carry oxygenated blood except the __________

pulmonary artery

which structure would normally contain deoxygenated blood?

pulmonary vein

the blood from the left ventricle travels through the ___________ valve and then to the _________

semilunar - aortic / aorta

the pacemaker of the heart is the ____________

sino atrial node

when compared to arteries, veins generally:

smaller with thin walls

What are two causes of blood pressure changes that might occur in a person within a given day?

stress, exercise, laying down, standing up

a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by a blood clot in the brain is called a ________

stroke

Starting with the vena cava, list the structures in order in the blood would meet during its travel through the heart (include valve, lungs and body extremities)

superior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta - body

pressure exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels when the heart is pumping

systolic

Explain two things that can lead to a change in heart rate, including effect each has on heart rate.

temperature: cold = slows down / hot = speeds up exercise: increases muscle demand and heart rate

this structure of the heart is responsible for preventing blood from flowing in the wrong direction

valves

a coronary bypass is a surgical bypass operation performed to divert blood around an obstruction in a coronary artery. One end of the bypass connects into the coronary artery past the obstruction. Where does the other end connect?

vena cava

an abnormal T Wave on an EKG could represent problems with:

ventricle repolarization

too much fat in the __________ area increases the risk of heart and blood vessel disease and diabetes

waist