PCB4708L 04-02

What does the production of glycogen from a meal ensure?

That a supply of glucose will be available for several hours after a meal

What happens when the glucose levels in plasma fall below a certain level?

alpha cells of the pancreas are stimulated to release glucagon

What secretes insulin?

beta cells of pancreas

Which of the following statements is true? a. plasma glucose levels are controlled by the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon b. plasma glucose can be converted into glycogen stores in liver and muscle cells c. glucose is the primary fuel for nerve cell metabolism d. all of these statements are true.

d. All of these statements are true.

Which of the following statements is false? a. insulin is a hormone secreted form the beta cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas b. insulin promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen c. insulin decreases plasma glucose levels d. insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.

d. Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.

What does FPG stand for?

fasting plasma glucose

In either case of diabetes...

glucose remains in bloodstream and the body's cells can't take it up to serve as the primary fuel for metabolism

A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform him that

he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by his cells.

To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample

heparin is added to prevent blood clots.

Glucagon

hormone that opposes insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Insulin

hormone that promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glucose

To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise.

Glucose standard curve

point of reference for converting optical density readings.

A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin

A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin

A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that

the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger.

What FPG is normal?

Less than 110 mg/dl

In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample increases.

optical density increases

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

pancreas produces sufficient insulin but the body fails to respond to it

A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform her that

she has developed diabetes.

What FPG is considered borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake?

110-126 mg/dl

How much glucose consumed during a meal is stored as glycogen?

75%

What FPG is considered diabetic?

> or equal to 126 mg/dl

How can glucose be stored?

As glycogen in liver and muscle cells

What is the primary fuel for nerve cell metabolism?

Glucose

What are plasma glucose levels controlled by?

The opposing actions of insulin and glucagon