peace and conflict unit & Chapter 8

Financial freezes

Action the pressure shareholders with minor amount of stock to sell their share

Feminine peace

Active participation a woman in the full reflection of woman's needs in the process of conflict resolution leading to the creation of sustainable peace

Nuclear deterrence

Nuclear weapons are intended to the deter other countries from attacking due to the fear of nuclear retaliation that will lead to the mutual assured destruction of both countries

South Sudan

on 8 July 2011, the Security Council determined that the situation faced by South Sudan continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region and established the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan.

Rwanda

placed on Ugandan side of the Ugandan/Rwandan border to make sure no military assistance made it into Rwanda. 1993-1999. in 1994, peacekeeping numbers went from 2,548 to 270, yet still was able to help plenty of rwandise.

Positive peace

presence of social justice and equality, and the absence of structural or indirect violence

Bosnia

successful termination on Dec. 31, 2002. Helped provide law enforcement., police reform, humanitarian aid, refugees, human rights, infrastructure,

Balance of power

term used to dress power configuration among states

Secondary parties

those who have a less direct stake but can affect the outcome by supporting or repudiating actions of the first parties

Primary parties

those who have decision-making power and must be involved in any negotiation.

Religious

two groups the have contradicting faiths or belifes

Ethnic

when a conflict arrises due to differences in cultural belif

Intrastate with foreign involvment

when one or both sides receive support from other governments

Ideological

when two or more groups disagree on world views through, verbal, mental or physical ways

Sierra Leone

1999, mission assigned to work with gov. to implement Lome Peace Agreement: disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration plan. Was successfully ended in 2005, succeeded by a new mission.

Demonstrations

A public meeting or gathering where people protest against something they do not believe in

Trade limitations

An artificial restriction on the trade of goods and service between two countries

Intrastate War

Conflict between the state and one or more nonstate groups

Interstate War

Conflict between two or more states

Conflict

Conflict is the dynamic process of actual or perceived opposition between individuals or groups. This could be opposition over positions, interests or values. Most theorists would distinguish between non-violent and violent conflict. In this distinction, non-violent conflict can be a useful mechanism for social change and transformation, while violent conflict is harmful and requires conflict resolution.

Why is conflict not necessarily bad?

Conflict itself is not an inherently negative, as through conflict, positive change and transformation may occur. What is important is that conflict is handled nonviolently and constructively.

East timor

Following the induction of East Timor into Indonesia, then the release of the territory. The UN peacekeeping was in place to help facilitate the creation of a political body in East Timor, as well as providing humanitarian aid and keeping violence to a minimum.

#7 How can a sates political and/ or economic instability lead to war?

If a state has extremely low political/economic stability, than that may allow other countries to find that time to take control of that nation

#10 What is military-industrial complex theory of war? How valid is that theory?

In some situations it has been proven valid however it is simply just a theory it is powerful interest groups that vested interest in ever more military spending and in war itself.

#4 How can misperceptions affect conflict? Give an example.

Misperception can affect conflicts because governments might present the purpose for going to war... image and make it seem necessary when really it's only for political objectives example World War I.

#5 Explain how nationalism has contributed to war.

Nationalism and has contributed to war because it can spark a war within a country.

#1 Are violence and war part of human nature?

No because according to the idea of behaviorism people are not born with violent nature's I want to go to war but rather teams them over time based off of what is around them.

Non-violence

Non-violence is the practice of advocating one's own or others' rights without physically harming the opponent. It often involves actively opposing the system that is deemed to be unjust, through for example boycotts, demonstrations and civil disobedience. Theorists argue that non-violence can often draw attention to a conflict situation and that it could provide a fertile basis for post-conflict transformation.

Peace

Peace is often defined as both the absence of conflict and violence as well as a state of harmonious relations. Many also refer to peace as a personal state of non-conflict, particularly with oneself and with one's relationship to others. Peace is the ultimate goal of many organizations that monitor and regulate social relationships.

Civil disobedience

Peaceful protest against governmental action they are against

Election observers

Processes by which parties independent organization witness electoral process

Weapon embargoes

Prohibition of sanctions against export of weapons

NATO involvement

Promotes democratic values peaceful disputes security and military alliance

Religion and peacebuilding

Refers to the study of religion's role in the development of peace. "peace through religion alone." "peace without religion." "peace with religion."

#16 What are security communities? How do they affect conflict and war?

Security committees are on alliance of countries dedicated to the collective security they tried to observe conflict and war

Cyprus

Set up to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot communities. After hostilities of 1974, the mission helps supervise ceasefire lines, maintain buffer zone, and humanitarian aid, since there has been no political settlement yet.

#2 What is Social Darwinism, and how has it affected attitudes toward war and peace?

Social Darwinism is the species triggered in wars remain stronger conquer the weaker.

#9 How is a sates level of economic development related to it's propensity for war?

Studies show that countries with lesser economic development tend to wage war

Peace as a balance of power

Term used to label various power configurations among states

Genocide

The murder of a large group of people because of authenticity religion or nationality

Terrorism

The use of violence if you do achieve to produce a political goal

#15 Do alliances make war more or less likely? Explain

They're sold to make warm more likely however a study shows wars were just as common minute she or not in alliance war involved although it didn't say being in alliance made smaller powers more likely to go to war.

Arms proferlition

This breadmaker weapons and technology to nations not recognized by the nuclear nonproliferation Treaty. Also refers to the spread of rearmaent of weapons in a country

Violence

Violence is often defined as physical or psychological force afflicted upon another being. In the context of global politics, it could be seen as anything someone does that prevents others from reaching their full potential. This broader definition would encompass unequal distribution of power that excludes entire groups from accessing resources essential for improved living standards or well-being, and discriminatory practices that exclude entire groups of people from accessing certain resources.

Johan Galling conflict triangle

Visible= Direct violence, Invisible= cultural and structural violence

Guerilla warfare

Where a small insurgency group fight against a government that has large resources

UN peace enforcment

With consent of main parties in the conflict UN enforcement was carried out

Economic

about water and how there wasn't enough in Afghanistan

Negative peace

absence of violence

Cultural violence

any aspect of culture which can be used to justify structural violence

MAD

basic of the american soviet security community

Intrastate

between a government and non government parties

Extra-systemic

between a state a non-state group outside its territory

Interstate

between two or more governemnts

Failed state war

criminal group waged when a state isn't capable of governing

Territorial

disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more territorial enities

Darfur

established on 31 July 2007, UNAMID has the protection of civilians as its core mandate, but is also tasked with contributing to security for humanitarian assistance, monitoring and verifying implementation of agreements, assisting an inclusive political process, contributing to the promotion of human rights and the rule of law, and monitoring and reporting on the situation along the borders with Chad and the Central African Republic

Just war theory

idea that wars are justified

Structural violence

indirect violence, result of social structures or institutions that prevent people from meeting the basic needs and accessing their basic human rights