peace and conflict unit & Chapter 8
Financial freezes
Action the pressure shareholders with minor amount of stock to sell their share
Feminine peace
Active participation a woman in the full reflection of woman's needs in the process of conflict resolution leading to the creation of sustainable peace
Nuclear deterrence
Nuclear weapons are intended to the deter other countries from attacking due to the fear of nuclear retaliation that will lead to the mutual assured destruction of both countries
South Sudan
on 8 July 2011, the Security Council determined that the situation faced by South Sudan continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region and established the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan.
Rwanda
placed on Ugandan side of the Ugandan/Rwandan border to make sure no military assistance made it into Rwanda. 1993-1999. in 1994, peacekeeping numbers went from 2,548 to 270, yet still was able to help plenty of rwandise.
Positive peace
presence of social justice and equality, and the absence of structural or indirect violence
Bosnia
successful termination on Dec. 31, 2002. Helped provide law enforcement., police reform, humanitarian aid, refugees, human rights, infrastructure,
Balance of power
term used to dress power configuration among states
Secondary parties
those who have a less direct stake but can affect the outcome by supporting or repudiating actions of the first parties
Primary parties
those who have decision-making power and must be involved in any negotiation.
Religious
two groups the have contradicting faiths or belifes
Ethnic
when a conflict arrises due to differences in cultural belif
Intrastate with foreign involvment
when one or both sides receive support from other governments
Ideological
when two or more groups disagree on world views through, verbal, mental or physical ways
Sierra Leone
1999, mission assigned to work with gov. to implement Lome Peace Agreement: disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration plan. Was successfully ended in 2005, succeeded by a new mission.
Demonstrations
A public meeting or gathering where people protest against something they do not believe in
Trade limitations
An artificial restriction on the trade of goods and service between two countries
Intrastate War
Conflict between the state and one or more nonstate groups
Interstate War
Conflict between two or more states
Conflict
Conflict is the dynamic process of actual or perceived opposition between individuals or groups. This could be opposition over positions, interests or values. Most theorists would distinguish between non-violent and violent conflict. In this distinction, non-violent conflict can be a useful mechanism for social change and transformation, while violent conflict is harmful and requires conflict resolution.
Why is conflict not necessarily bad?
Conflict itself is not an inherently negative, as through conflict, positive change and transformation may occur. What is important is that conflict is handled nonviolently and constructively.
East timor
Following the induction of East Timor into Indonesia, then the release of the territory. The UN peacekeeping was in place to help facilitate the creation of a political body in East Timor, as well as providing humanitarian aid and keeping violence to a minimum.
#7 How can a sates political and/ or economic instability lead to war?
If a state has extremely low political/economic stability, than that may allow other countries to find that time to take control of that nation
#10 What is military-industrial complex theory of war? How valid is that theory?
In some situations it has been proven valid however it is simply just a theory it is powerful interest groups that vested interest in ever more military spending and in war itself.
#4 How can misperceptions affect conflict? Give an example.
Misperception can affect conflicts because governments might present the purpose for going to war... image and make it seem necessary when really it's only for political objectives example World War I.
#5 Explain how nationalism has contributed to war.
Nationalism and has contributed to war because it can spark a war within a country.
#1 Are violence and war part of human nature?
No because according to the idea of behaviorism people are not born with violent nature's I want to go to war but rather teams them over time based off of what is around them.
Non-violence
Non-violence is the practice of advocating one's own or others' rights without physically harming the opponent. It often involves actively opposing the system that is deemed to be unjust, through for example boycotts, demonstrations and civil disobedience. Theorists argue that non-violence can often draw attention to a conflict situation and that it could provide a fertile basis for post-conflict transformation.
Peace
Peace is often defined as both the absence of conflict and violence as well as a state of harmonious relations. Many also refer to peace as a personal state of non-conflict, particularly with oneself and with one's relationship to others. Peace is the ultimate goal of many organizations that monitor and regulate social relationships.
Civil disobedience
Peaceful protest against governmental action they are against
Election observers
Processes by which parties independent organization witness electoral process
Weapon embargoes
Prohibition of sanctions against export of weapons
NATO involvement
Promotes democratic values peaceful disputes security and military alliance
Religion and peacebuilding
Refers to the study of religion's role in the development of peace. "peace through religion alone." "peace without religion." "peace with religion."
#16 What are security communities? How do they affect conflict and war?
Security committees are on alliance of countries dedicated to the collective security they tried to observe conflict and war
Cyprus
Set up to prevent further fighting between the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot communities. After hostilities of 1974, the mission helps supervise ceasefire lines, maintain buffer zone, and humanitarian aid, since there has been no political settlement yet.
#2 What is Social Darwinism, and how has it affected attitudes toward war and peace?
Social Darwinism is the species triggered in wars remain stronger conquer the weaker.
#9 How is a sates level of economic development related to it's propensity for war?
Studies show that countries with lesser economic development tend to wage war
Peace as a balance of power
Term used to label various power configurations among states
Genocide
The murder of a large group of people because of authenticity religion or nationality
Terrorism
The use of violence if you do achieve to produce a political goal
#15 Do alliances make war more or less likely? Explain
They're sold to make warm more likely however a study shows wars were just as common minute she or not in alliance war involved although it didn't say being in alliance made smaller powers more likely to go to war.
Arms proferlition
This breadmaker weapons and technology to nations not recognized by the nuclear nonproliferation Treaty. Also refers to the spread of rearmaent of weapons in a country
Violence
Violence is often defined as physical or psychological force afflicted upon another being. In the context of global politics, it could be seen as anything someone does that prevents others from reaching their full potential. This broader definition would encompass unequal distribution of power that excludes entire groups from accessing resources essential for improved living standards or well-being, and discriminatory practices that exclude entire groups of people from accessing certain resources.
Johan Galling conflict triangle
Visible= Direct violence, Invisible= cultural and structural violence
Guerilla warfare
Where a small insurgency group fight against a government that has large resources
UN peace enforcment
With consent of main parties in the conflict UN enforcement was carried out
Economic
about water and how there wasn't enough in Afghanistan
Negative peace
absence of violence
Cultural violence
any aspect of culture which can be used to justify structural violence
MAD
basic of the american soviet security community
Intrastate
between a government and non government parties
Extra-systemic
between a state a non-state group outside its territory
Interstate
between two or more governemnts
Failed state war
criminal group waged when a state isn't capable of governing
Territorial
disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more territorial enities
Darfur
established on 31 July 2007, UNAMID has the protection of civilians as its core mandate, but is also tasked with contributing to security for humanitarian assistance, monitoring and verifying implementation of agreements, assisting an inclusive political process, contributing to the promotion of human rights and the rule of law, and monitoring and reporting on the situation along the borders with Chad and the Central African Republic
Just war theory
idea that wars are justified
Structural violence
indirect violence, result of social structures or institutions that prevent people from meeting the basic needs and accessing their basic human rights