pect module 1 prek-4
What is 150% of 0.024? A. 0.036 B. 0.018 C. 0.18 D. 0.3
A. 0.036
A third-grade teacher develops an assessment for a particular unit prior to writing up the daily lesson plans for the unit. The most important advantage of this approach is that it helps the teacher: A. align daily lessons and activities with the targeted learning outcomes. B. develop an assessment to match state standards. C. ensure that the assessment will be accessible for all students. D. improve presentation skills for delivering instruction.
A. align daily lessons and activities with the targeted learning outcomes.
Which of the following is a content area in early childhood development? A. Aesthetics. B. Scaffolding learning. C. Establishing learning centers. D. Encouraging play.
A. Aesthetics.
A kindergarten teacher works with two students who are English language learners who have no prior exposure to English. She exposes them to natural English in meaningful contexts but does not push them to contribute to discussions. She allows them to respond to questions nonverbally or with one word answers. The teacher's actions best demonstrate her awareness that second-language learners often: A. go through a silent period during which they produce very little oral language. B. experience first-language interference that hinders their ability to speak a new language. C. develop expressive language skills before they develop receptive language skills. D. have limited experience speaking their first language for communicative purposes.
A. go through a silent period during which they produce very little oral language.
Which of the following characteristics would indicate atypical cognitive development in a four-year-old child? A. having difficulty matching a toy car to a picture of a car B. naming only four colors correctly C. counting accurately to ten but no further D. engaging only occasionally in fantasy play
A. having difficulty matching a toy car to a picture of a car
A kindergarten teacher is planning to read aloud a picture book to the class. One of the students in the class has a visual impairment that severely limits vision to several inches. Which of the following accommodations would best help this student participate in this activity? A. providing an individual copy of the book to the student to look at B. arranging for the student to listen to a recording of the story at a later time C. obtaining a large print copy of the book to read aloud to the class D. sitting in front of a well-lit window while reading
A. providing an individual copy of the book to the student to look at
Jenny has difficulty with holding her bladder. She takes medication and needs frequent trips to the restroom. Her mother wants to make sure that her issues are dealt with fairly when she begins school. Which of the following might be enacted in Jenny's case? A. Due process B. Section 504 f the Rehabilitation Act C. An IEP D. LRE
B. Section 504 f the Rehabilitation Act
A characteristic of living organisms that distinguishes them from nonliving things is that living organisms: A. change in shape over time. B. have a carbon-based chemistry. C. are made up of cells. D. are capable of performing work.
C. are made up of cells.
In preschool, play is a primary learning tool. It is the child's work. Which of the following is a process of play? A. Observing B. Exploring C. Hypothesizing D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A typical 4 year old child is able to do all but which of the following? A. Follow three-part directions. B. Talk about her experiences. C. Understand time concepts. D. Define words.
D. Define words.
What is Not an aspect of the "whole child" according to Steiner? A. Mental. B. Physical. C. Spiritual. D. Play.
D. Play.
Ms. Lyons informally and systematically observes each child in her prekindergarten class. She focuses her attention on one student and notes patterns or changes. She uses the information gathered to help with problem behaviors and to understand the student. A benefit to this type of observation is: A. the teacher can simply look at a child and make a few notes. B. the children already have a relationship with the teacher doing the assessment. C. the teacher does not need training to do the assessment. D. the children are minimally aware that their behavior is being observed.
D. the children are minimally aware that their behavior is being observed.
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences focuses primarily on which of the following aspects of education? A. the key role of environment in promoting children's learning B. the use of scaffolding techniques to help children learn C. the active involvement of children in learning activities D. the various ways in which children think and learn
D. the various ways in which children think and learn
Which of the following equations represents a linear function? A. y=2/x B. y=x^3 C. y=(x^2)+4 D. y=3x+3
D. y=3x+3
If N represents the set of natural numbers, W represents the set of whole numbers, and Z represents the set of integers, which of the following Venn Diagrams (sets of parenthesis) represents the relationship between the three sets of numbers? A. {Z [N (W)]} B. {W [Z (N)]} C. {N [Z (W)]} D. {Z [W (N)]}
D. {Z [W (N)]}
A geographer would most likely use the concept of "interdependence" to analyze which of the following subjects? A. economic relations between Mexico and Canada B. the causes of global warming C. ethnic and religious divisions in the world D. the movement of tectonic plates
A. economic relations between Mexico and Canada
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of science? A. Scientific investigations are based on observations and questions. B. Scientific models are developed before starting an experiment. C. Scientific theories that have been accepted are deemed absolute truths. D. Scientific results not supporting a hypothesis should be ignored.
A. Scientific investigations are based on observations and questions.
Children who demonstrate typical language development most often begin using two-word utterances between the ages of: A. 6 to 9 months. B. 12 to 15 months. C. 18 to 24 months. D. 30 to 36 months.
C. 18 to 24 months.
A new teacher regularly writes in a teaching journal. In addition to considering the success of his lessons, the teacher reflects on his interactions with students and on how his thoughts and actions during these interactions were culturallymotivated. This strategy best demonstrates the teacher's awareness of which of the following principles? A. Personal values and beliefs can influence a teacher's communication practices. B. High expectations for all students can promote their academic performance. C. Social identity and peer pressure can affect students' classroom behavior. D. Effective conflict-resolution skills can help a teacher prevent classroom conflicts.
A. Personal values and beliefs can influence a teacher's communication practices.
Teachers who have a goal of providing equitable instruction to diverse groups of students should begin by considering which of the following questions? A. Do I allow differences in culture, language, and behavior to shape my perceptions about students' motivation and ability to learn? B. How frequently do I interact with individual students to make sure that I am meeting their learning needs? C. Am I consistent in providing an equal amount of time to each student, regardless of culture, language, and behavior? D. Have I clearly communicated my belief that my students are capable of mastering the targeted concepts and skills?
A. Do I allow differences in culture, language, and behavior to shape my perceptions about students' motivation and ability to learn?
Which of the following recommendations from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) applies to early childhood experiences with technology? A. Technology tools can be effective for dual language learners by providing access to a family's home language and culture while supporting English language learning. B. Technology tools can replace the need for direct instruction for English language learning. C. Technology tools can provide access to information for all families, which facilitates immersion in everyday learning. D. Technology tools are becoming the most developmentally appropriate practice for teaching basic skills in the preschool classroom.
A. Technology tools can be effective for dual language learners by providing access to a family's home language and culture while supporting English language learning.
A kindergarten teacher observes two children playing together. The children are attempting to use blocks and other play materials to build a bridge for their toy cars. The first bridge that they build collapses when they begin to roll the toy cars across it. Which of the following teacher questions would best promote the development of the students' reasoning and problem-solving skills? A. Why do you think the bridge fell over? How can you build the bridge differently? B. What if you pretended that your cars could fly? Would you still need to build a bridge? C. What different objects did you use to make your bridge? How are they different? D. Can you picture a real bridge in your mind? Did your bridge look like a real bridge?
A. Why do you think the bridge fell over? How can you build the bridge differently?
A preschool teacher with a diverse group of learners makes a point of including visuals, toys, and other materials that reflect the background of each student in the class. In addition, the teacher makes a special effort to read books that reflect each student's culture and language. This teacher understands that: A. a child's listening comprehension is increased when content is familiar and reflects cultural experience. B. children will react more positively to each other when they feel represented in the literature of the class. C. a child's behavior often improves when immersed in a variety of cultural values and viewpoints. D. children feel more comfortable talking to the teacher when there is a shared subject or vocabulary.
A. a child's listening comprehension is increased when content is familiar and reflects cultural experience.
A prekindergarten teacher would like to teach a unit on seasons to her four-year-old students. She plans to access the children's prior knowledge of the weather to activate their interest in this topic. Which of the following strategies would be the most effective for this purpose? A. asking the children questions during circle time and discussing the topic as a group B. giving the children graphic organizers to complete in order to assess what they know C. placing the children into groups of cooperative learners and having them share ideas with one another D. sending a note home to families and asking them to discuss the seasons at home
A. asking the children questions during circle time and discussing the topic as a group
Which of the following is considered a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) for prekindergarten children? A. building upon what the child already knows B. using a prepackaged curriculum C. having rules and regulations posted in the classroom D. utilizing pretest scores to drive instruction
A. building upon what the child already knows
An prekindergarten teacher is preparing a lesson for her class about where milk comes from. She is organizing a field trip to a local dairy farm with a follow-up trip to the school cafeteria to see a delivery of milk. During this time she will also transform the classroom centers with activities and supplies that reflect what the children saw on the field trips. Which of the following learning theories is this teacher modeling? A. constructivist learning theory B. behaviorist learning theory C. social cognitive learning theory D. cognitive learning theory
A. constructivist learning theory
A student with multiple disabilities will be enrolling in an elementary school. In regard to educating this student, school staff should be aware of their legal responsibility to: A. deliver instruction and services to the student in the least restrictive environment appropriate for meeting his or her needs. B. incorporate into the student's school day ongoing opportunities to interact with similarly disabled peers or adults. C. revise the student's Individualized Education Plan (IEP) each grading period in response to his or her classroom performance. D. provide the student with instruction that enables him or her to perform at grade level in the basic skill areas of reading and mathematics.
A. deliver instruction and services to the student in the least restrictive environment appropriate for meeting his or her needs.
A preschool student has been receiving special education services and will continue to receive services in kindergarten. An IEP meeting is being planned for the student's transition to kindergarten. Which of the following roles is most appropriate for the general education kindergarten teacher to play in this IEP meeting? A. developing appropriate academic interventions and strategies to meet curricular goals B. writing reports documenting the decisions of the team C. determining which special education services the student is eligible to receive D. facilitating the discussion of the participants
A. developing appropriate academic interventions and strategies to meet curricular goals
A PreK-4 teacher can best create a culturally inclusive classroom environment for all students by regularly: A. encouraging students to share information about their cultures with the class. B. celebrating a variety of cultural holidays from around the world with students. C. placing students from similar cultural backgrounds together for small-group activities. D. providing students and their families with information about community cultural events.
A. encouraging students to share information about their cultures with the class.
Since the middle of the twentieth century, some efforts have been made by the federal government to end discrimination against ethnic minorities int eh public schools. This undertaking best illustrates which of the following principles of democratic government in the United States? A. equal protection of the law B. limited government C. freedom of expression D. popular sovereignty
A. equal protection of the law
Which of the following sentences contains a metaphor? A. When I wear those tennis shoes, I feel like a 10-year-old kid again. B. The harvest moon was a jack-o'-lantern smiling in the october sky. C. Autumn leaves blew across the yard like giant pieces of confetti. D. The evening brought with it a sweet scent of lavender and wood smoke.
B. The harvest moon was a jack-o'-lantern smiling in the october sky.
A fourth-grade teacher makes a point of welcoming individual students as they arrive each day and takes time to talk with students about their interests and activities on a regular basis. The most important benefit of this practice is that it allows the teacher to: A. establish a pattern of positive interaction with students. B. implement consistent classroom procedures. C. integrate informal social interaction into the daily routine. D. model effective communication skills for students.
A. establish a pattern of positive interaction with students.
Sarah is a five-year-old child who lives with her mother and one younger brother. Sarah's mother is unemployed and without extended family nearby. The family recently moved to a homeless shelter after losing their apartment. There is no predictable schedule for their days or nights. As a result of this situation, Sarah would most likely: A. experience adverse effects on her concentration and memory. B. have a greater chance of developing certain disorders such as asthma. C. experience an increase in her resilience and determination to succeed. D. have a greater understanding of the range of human emotions.
A. experience adverse effects on her concentration and memory.
A fourth-grade teacher uses a variety of techniques, including questioning and journal prompts, to check for students' understanding of content-area instruction.Which of the following outcomes is likely to be the most important benefit of this strategy? A. helping the teacher identify areas where students may need additional reinforcement B. improving students' overall performance on standardized assessments C. allowing the teacher to spend less time creating and grading student assessments D. encouraging students to view learning as a process and become lifelong learners
A. helping the teacher identify areas where students may need additional reinforcement
Using spreadsheet software to maintain students' performance data is likely to provide a teacher with the most support in which of the following areas? A. identifying specific gaps in students' learning B. providing students with accurate and timely feedback C. designing activities to address individual learning needs D. determining an appropriate sequence of instruction
A. identifying specific gaps in students' learning
A new elementary teacher is planning a lesson to introduce a science concept to a class that includes students who are English language learners with varying levels of English language proficiency. The teacher can best help ensure that the lesson will be responsive to the needs of the students who are English language learners by including which of the following steps in the planning process? A. identifying ways for students to use various hands-on materials and activities to reinforce and apply the targeted concept B. developing several written practice exercises that reinforce the targeted concept for the students who are English language learners to complete for homework C. reviewing content covered in science texts across grade levels that is relevant to the targeted concept D. asking the students who are English language learners to identify strategies they believe will be most effective in helping them learn the targeted concept
A. identifying ways for students to use various hands-on materials and activities to reinforce and apply the targeted concept
A new third-grade teacher believes that too much instructional time is being used each day to pass out students' graded work, so the teacher decides to put graded papers in a basket for students to pick up on their own throughout the day. This action is considered inappropriate primarily because it: A. infringes on the students' right to privacy. B. requires the students to assume responsibility for an administrative task. C. diminishes the students' sense of accountability. D. provides students with delayed feedback regarding their performance.
A. infringes on the students' right to privacy.
At the beginning of the school year, a kindergarten teacher requests that parents/guardians write a brief summary of their children's summer, including recently learned skills, day or extended trips, special events, and basic daily activities. The teacher could make the most effective use of this information by: A. linking the children's summer experiences and activities to instructional activities to support building prior knowledge. B. providing an opportunity to share experiences with parents/guardians as a means of establishing a personal connection. C. writing a summary of each child's summer activities to include in the first weekly class newsletter. D. using the parents'/guardians' accounts of the summer events to teach students how to summarize events.
A. linking the children's summer experiences and activities to instructional activities to support building prior knowledge.
Which of the following is an essential component of a formative assessment? A. monitoring and adjusting a teaching strategy during the learning process based on individual student progress B. the production of behavioral and academic progress reports that incorporate parental or caregiver insights C. identifying and summarizing an individual student's strengths and needs at the end of a unit or semester D. the development of a timeline designating tasks that will be accomplished by a particular student in a given period of time
A. monitoring and adjusting a teaching strategy during the learning process based on individual student progress
A fourth-grade classroom is equipped with an audience response system in which students respond to questions by clicking on a personal remote control. Students' responses are displayed immediately on a presentation computer. This type of response system can be used most effectively for which of the following purposes? A. monitoring students' understanding of key concepts B. diagnosing specific student learning needs C. placing students in instructional groups D. accommodating individual student learning preferences
A. monitoring students' understanding of key concepts
Which of the following accommodations to a content-area reading assignment best provides universal access for all learners? A. providing digital textbooks with features such as images, text-to-speech, videos, and modifiable text B. reading aloud the text to students as they follow along in their textbooks and asking frequent questions C. offering after-school peer tutoring for students who need extra help reading the content D. providing a list of vocabulary words and definitions to students in advance of the reading
A. providing digital textbooks with features such as images, text-to-speech, videos, and modifiable text
When children are placed very close together during group activities, what is a common problem? A. They listen more attentively to the group leader's directions. B. They tend to concentrate more easily on activities. C. They tend to pay more attention to the group leader. D. They tend to pay more attention to protecting personal space.
D. They tend to pay more attention to protecting personal space.
Scaffolding is likely to be most effective in promoting student learning when: A. the teacher uses scaffolding techniques that are tailored to each student's specific needs. B. students are able to play a role in determining which scaffolding techniques will be used. C. the teacher explains to students how particular scaffolding techniques will be used before applying them. D. students have had ample prior experience with the scaffolding techniques that will be used.
A. the teacher uses scaffolding techniques that are tailored to each student's specific needs.
Which of the following skills is typically the last to emerge for students who are English language learners? A. understanding academic language B. questioning to check for understanding C. self-correcting spoken errors D. following verbal instructions
A. understanding academic language
A recently hired prekindergarten teacher who is new to the area can best prepare to be an effective advocate for students by taking which of the following actions? A. developing a strong, positive relationship with an assigned mentor B. learning about the characteristics and needs of families within the community C. researching advocacy activities undertaken in similar districts in recent years D. engaging in reflection and self-assessment to identify professional strengths and challenges
B. learning about the characteristics and needs of families within the community
A fourth-grade teacher is establishing student learning goals for an upcoming science unit. Data from which of the following sources would be most helpful to the teacher in this process? A. a student interest survey about unit content B. a comprehension quiz on a science-related informational passage C. an ungraded pre-assessment of unit content D. a student self-assessment of science skills and abilities
C. an ungraded pre-assessment of unit content
In a PreK-4 program that practices a philosophy of inclusion for students with disabilities, a fundamental responsibility for teachers is to ensure that students with disabilities: A. are subject to the same evaluative criteria as their nondisabled peers. B. have opportunities to interact with others who have similar disabilities. C. are active participants in all class activities. D. have peer helpers available to assist with social challenges in the classroom.
C. are active participants in all class activities.
Teaching students that concrete objects can be used to represent the real thing indicates that a lesson is using which of the following scientific instructional themes. A. Systems B. Models C. Constancy and Change D. Scale
B. Models
Three or four phases of cardiac rehabilitation may be conducted for patients having suffered a myocardial infarction. At which phase would exercise physiologists most likely begin performing cardiac rehabilitation exercises? A. Phase I B. Phase II C. Phase III D. Phase IV
B. Phase II
Teachers often have students share what they write with a group or a partner. What is the best reason for having students share writing pieces? A. So that students can help each other edit taking the burden from the teacher. B. Students will help each other by responding as readers or listeners. C. The partner is a different audience each time a piece is read. D. Different topics will be addressed as partners see what others are writing.
B. Students will help each other by responding as readers or listeners.
One of the most important responsibilities of a teacher is the construction of valid and reliable tests. Which of the following is not one of the basic principles of test construction? A. Construct a blueprint that reflects the objectives of the content to be learned. B. Include only students who have mastered the set of criteria necessary for the test. C. Be sure that tests reflect the emphasis given to various objectives during instruction of knowledge and/or skills. D. Follow best testing procedures for the area of knowledge or the skill the student is expected to acquire.
B. Include only students who have mastered the set of criteria necessary for the test.
Which of the following measuring activities would be introduced last in a second grade classroom? A. Measuring a desk using paper clips B. Measuring a desk using a meter stick C. Measuring a carpet using your feet D. Measuring the length of a desk using unit squares
B. Measuring a desk using a meter stick
A class includes a student with physical and cognitive disabilities that affect various aspects of the student's functioning. In planning a small-group activity for the class, the teacher should consider which of the following questions first in regard to the student? A. Does the student generally exhibit a preference for individual activities over group activities? B. What steps can I take to facilitate the student's fullest possible participation in the activity? C. Which classmates would likely be most willing to include the student in their group during the activity? D. Are there alternative activities I can arrange for the student that would address the same instructional goal?
B. What steps can I take to facilitate the student's fullest possible participation in the activity?
According to privacy rights guidelines, a teacher could appropriately share a student's school records with which of the following individuals? A. a teacher who taught the student two years ago and wishes to check on the student's academic progress B. a school counselor who believes the student would benefit from participating in upcoming small-group counseling sessions C. a college professor who has received a substantial grant to conduct research on factors that influence young children's learning D. a school nurse who knows the student outside of school and is a long-time friend of the student's family
B. a school counselor who believes the student would benefit from participating in upcoming small-group counseling sessions
Mrs. Purpose is using a list of words with her phonemic awareness group. She wants the group to hear the difference in word endings. Which set of words would be most effective for this activity? A. hat, cat, sat B. cab, cat, cap C. Color, hammer, car D. cart, cattle, story
B. cab, cat, cap
Which of the following statements best describes a major role of assessment anchors in the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA)? A. providing uniform rules for the types of tests that are allowed to be administered to students in preparing for the PSSA B. clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support students' learning of essential skills and knowledge C. defining the diverse range of tasks that underlie the educational goals assessed on the PSSA at different grade levels D. providing a conversion tool for converting a particular student's PSSA score into a grade-level equivalent
B. clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support students' learning of essential skills and knowledge
Which of the following musical instruments is part of the percussion section of an orchestra? A. bassoon B. cymbals C. double bass D. harp
B. cymbals
Research demonstrates that parents/guardians can provide optimal stimulation for cognitive growth in their infants by: A. exposing them early to words, numbers, shapes, and colors B. developing a strong emotional relationship C. introducing them to a variety of adults and children of varying ages D. providing visually appealing objects in the baby's crib
B. developing a strong emotional relationship
Federal law allows schools to disclose information in a student's educational records without parental consent to which of the following individuals? A. representatives of community agencies that provide services to the school B. educators with legitimate educational interest in the student C. staff at postsecondary institutions who are conducting educational research D. teachers who provide instruction to the student's sibling(s)
B. educators with legitimate educational interest in the student
Josiah is a five-year-old kindergarten student. Transitions between activities are difficult for him. He often reacts to them angrily, yelling or crying and refusing to stop what he is doing. Josiah's kindergarten teacher has been helping him develop effective transitioning skills, and his parents have been reinforcing these skills at home. Which of the following additional strategies would likely be most effective for the teacher to use to help Josiah with this issue? A. permitting Josiah to choose between activities when he transitions cooperatively B. establishing a cue to alert Josiah a few minutes before transition times C. reminding Josiah each morning that he should expect transitions throughout the day D. imposing negative consequences whenever Josiah resists making transitions
B. establishing a cue to alert Josiah a few minutes before transition times
A kindergarten teacher frequently uses home-school notebooks to communicate with families about their children's progress. For example, the teacher and family of one student recently used such a notebook to keep one another informed about the student's progress in mastering specific self-help skills. This approach is likely to be most effective in promoting which of the following outcomes? A. fostering in students a sense of responsibility with regard to their own learning B. establishing partnerships with families in the assessment of their children's learning and development C. helping build caring and friendly relationships between the teacher and students D. enhancing families' ability to reinforce at home what their children are learning in school
B. establishing partnerships with families in the assessment of their children's learning and development
Which of the following social or emotional milestones typically happens last in young children? A. playing peek-a-boo with others B. exhibiting anxiety when separated from primary caregiver C. showing pleasure in response to social stimulation D. paying attention to one's own name
B. exhibiting anxiety when separated from primary caregiver
A fourth-grade class includes a number of students who are English language learners. The teacher is designing formative assessment to measure students' understanding of a specific science concept. When developing this assessment, the teacher can use Pennsylvania's Language Proficiency Standards for English Language Learners PreK-12 (ELPS) most effectively to: A. identify the particular supports that individual students are likely to require during the assessment. B. help ensure that the language function of the assessment is appropriate for the students' level of English language proficiency. C. make adaptations to the core content assessed that are appropriate for the students' academic levels. D. determine whether students have achieved the necessary level of English language proficiency to participate in the assessment.
B. help ensure that the language function of the assessment is appropriate for the students' level of English language proficiency.
A team of prekindergarten teachers has secured funding from a federal grant to acquire a curriculum that integrates technology to improve student access to instruction.The team decides to form an advisory committee, which will include an administrator as well as several general education teachers, special education teachers, and parents/guardians. The team plans to meet regularly to provide feedback on the curriculum as well as on its implementation. The greatest benefit of this practice is: A. encouraging parents/guardians to share accountability in student achievement of curriculum objectives. B. promoting a collaborative approach to identify and problem-solve potential areas of curriculum difficulties. C. improving parents'/guardians' ability to generalize best practices introduced by the curriculum at home. D. offering vertical planning time to align curriculum objectives with state learning standards.
B. promoting a collaborative approach to identify and problem-solve potential areas of curriculum difficulties.
A prekindergarten teacher wants to create a classroom environment that stimulates and reinforces children's motivation to learn. Which of the following strategies would best support the achievement of this goal? A. offering stickers or other favored items as rewards for independent creative work B. providing a variety of appealing, age-appropriate materials and time to explore them C. creating a wall chart on which each child's accomplishments and successes are listed D. responding to all children's products and efforts with lavish praise and approbation
B. providing a variety of appealing, age-appropriate materials and time to explore them
A kindergarten teacher who wants to provide a positive social context for learning decides that one way to do this is to ensure educational equity for all students. The teacher can best promote such equity by: A. using similar instructional methods and materials for all students. B. providing all students with support in meeting high standards of achievement. C. offering all students choices regarding their own learning activities. D. creating a program in which the families of all students are encouraged to participate
B. providing all students with support in meeting high standards of achievement.
A prekindergarten student with dyspraxia would likely have the most difficulty with which of the following activities? A. sitting in a circle listening to a book being read B. putting a puzzle together or working with small objects C. retelling a story in front of the class D. drinking from a cup without spilling
B. putting a puzzle together or working with small objects
Which of the following preconditions is most essential to effective collaboration among a group of teachers with diverse philosophies and teaching styles? A. arranging for a school administrator to participate in their planning activities and mediate as needed B. recognizing that they have a common goal of educating the students entrusted to their care C. providing one another with background information on the students in their classes D. identifying a leader who will be responsible for leading discussions and recording decisions
B. recognizing that they have a common goal of educating the students entrusted to their care
Giving students in the elementary grades regular opportunities to participate in rule-based games is likely to be most effective in promoting students' development in which of the following areas? A. self-assessment skills B. social problem-solving skills C. metacognitive skills D. abstract reasoning skills
B. social problem-solving skills
Which of the following assessment practices would be considered ethical? A. obtaining actual test items to use as examples when preparing students for a standardized assessment B. using ongoing informal assessments of students' learning to guide the instructional process C. determining assessment accommodations for individual students based on their classroom performance D. posting standardized assessment results that include students' identifying information on a class Web page
B. using ongoing informal assessments of students' learning to guide the instructional process
Jessica, a 6 month old baby in the infant room, has been losing weight, is irritable and has been tired and sleepy everyday she is at the center. On top of that, Jessica does not smile or make any type of social response to her caretakers and she is showing indicators that she is delayed in motor development. Lastly, Jessica does not appear to have a bond with anyone that cares for her, even her mother. What is the developmental concern that may be happening with Jessica? A. Going through a growth spurt B. Jessica is exhibiting signs that she has a developmental disorder like autism C. Jessica is showing signs that she is failing to thrive D. Jessica is showing symptoms of a slow to warm up child
C. Jessica is showing signs that she is failing to thrive
The art teacher at your school uses criterion testing. Her scoring of projects is pass/fail. Her criterion for this project is below. Which student would not pass?The student will be able to use clay to construct a container. A. Tanya uses the clay to make a toothbrush holder. B. Tony uses the clay to construct a pencil case. C. Tamera uses the clay to make a snake. D. Tera uses the clay to make a mug.
C. Tamera uses the clay to make a snake.
An IEP annual review meeting has been scheduled for a second-grade student who is currently placed in a general education classroom full time. Which of the following elements of the review is most likely to be provided by the student's general education teacher? A. a recommendation for additional diagnostic testing for the student B. an explanation of the student's standardized test scores C. a description of the present level of performance the student has achieved D. an overview of the nature of the student's special needs
C. a description of the present level of performance the student has achieved
A kindergarten student, who is typically easygoing and friendly, has begun acting out in class and being verbally aggressive toward peers. The teacher is consulting with the school counselor about these recent changes in the student's behavior. This consultation is likely to be most productive if the teacher begins by providing the counselor with which of the following pieces of information? A. notes from the parents describing the student's behavior at home B. results from the student's most recent standardized assessments C. a description of the student's behavior and strategies the teacher has implemented D. the complete educational history and attendance records for the student
C. a description of the student's behavior and strategies the teacher has implemented
Several children who have Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) will attend a kindergarten class in the upcoming year. To help implement the IEPs, several specialists will provide services in the classroom environment. The most effective first step for the kindergarten teacher to take in building a collaborative relationship with the specialists would be to: A. suggest using a single method of problem solving. B. propose that intervention ideas be reached by consensus. C. arrange a regular time for sharing information. D. assume primary responsibility for decision making.
C. arrange a regular time for sharing information.
A kindergarten teacher's weekly newsletter includes information about community programs and special events that are designed specifically for children. This practice is likely to be most effective in helping the teacher achieve which of the following goals? A. reinforcing to families the importance of their children's regular participation in enrichment activities B. promoting families' recognition of the teacher's knowledge and expertise C. connecting families with resources to help promote their children's learning and development D. providing the foundation for a positive relationship between school and home
C. connecting families with resources to help promote their children's learning and development
Marcus is a four-year-old boy who is new to Ms. Klein's preschool class. Marcus often sits and observes other children playing with the blocks and other toys, but does not usually engage in the activities himself. Ms. Klein wants to help Marcus develop motivation to play with the toys in the classroom. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for Ms. Klein to try first? A. asking Marcus which are his favorite blocks and encouraging him to focus on building with those B. giving Marcus some blocks to take home with him and requesting that he show his parents how he plays with the blocks at school C. demonstrating to Marcus a few different ways the blocks can be used to create different structures and showing him how to try some himself D. introducing a reward chart and giving Marcus a sticker on his chart each time he plays with the blocks
C. demonstrating to Marcus a few different ways the blocks can be used to create different structures and showing him how to try some himself
An elementary teacher intends to involve students in a project that will require them to use information obtained from their own family members to write a family history. The goals of the project include helping students understand societal change over time and improving students' writing skills. While planning the project, the teacher realizes that some students in the class will have difficulty with the project because they do not live with their family or would have difficulty obtaining the required information for other reasons. The teacher can best show responsiveness to this type of student diversity by taking which of the following actions? A. making the project an optional, extra-credit activity for any students in the class who are interested in participating B. encouraging students who have no available family members to work with classmates who do so that all students can complete the project C. designing a different project for the class that achieves the same learning objectives while giving all students an equal opportunity to participate D. giving students who are unable to complete a family-based project the option of using library research for their projects instead
C. designing a different project for the class that achieves the same learning objectives while giving all students an equal opportunity to participate
PreK-4 teachers have the goal of being culturally competent educators who use an understanding of diversity among young children to plan developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate instruction that meets the needs of all their students. The most important first step for the teachers to take in achieving this goal is to: A. use the Internet and other resources to gather basic information about various world cultures. B. survey students' families to determine what they perceive their role to be in their children's learning. C. examine their own cultures and beliefs and their impact on interactions with students. D. observe individual students in self-selected activities to determine their preferred learning styles.
C. examine their own cultures and beliefs and their impact on interactions with students.
A new teacher's meetings with an assigned mentor are likely to be most productive if the new teacher: A. obtains information from the mentor about the topics to be addressed prior to each meeting. B. documents what occurs at each meeting and then periodically reviews the documentation. C. prepares for each meeting by identifying particular classroom concerns to discuss. D. begins each meeting by summarizing learning goals addressed in class since the last meeting.
C. prepares for each meeting by identifying particular classroom concerns to discuss.
In choosing a professional development activity from among various options, a teacher's first consideration should be to determine which option is most likely to: A. be relevant to teaching across a range of subject areas and grade levels. B. offer participants an opportunity to network with educators from other schools. C. provide research-based information relevant to current instructional issues or needs. D. reflect the ideas of individuals who represent varied backgrounds and points of view.
C. provide research-based information relevant to current instructional issues or needs.
Which of the following instructional approaches is recommended for students who need Tier 2 assistance according to assessment results determined by Response to Instruction and Intervention (Rtll) procedures? A. focusing on strategies for breaking difficult problems into manageable parts B. focusing on one-on-one instruction and considering special education services C. providing systematic and explicit instruction with guided practice and corrective feedback D. providing students with multiple opportunities to solve open-ended and nonstandard problems
C. providing systematic and explicit instruction with guided practice and corrective feedback
As second-grade students are learning a new science concept, the teacher helps them acquire knowledge and skills that they could not acquire on their own by using prompts, giving suggestions, providing feedback, and modeling activities. In this situation, which of the following strategies is the teacher primarily using to foster students' cognitive development? A. modeling B. cooperative learning C. scaffolding D. inquiry learning
C. scaffolding
In addition to immunization records, what pre-primary screening and assessment information may be gathered during a child's nursery school, child care, or Head Start years? A. The child's attention span, attention to detail, and hobby interests. B. The child's music, performance, or artistic talent. C. The child's sensitivity to family, pets, and strangers. D. The child's language, motor, and social skills development.
D. The child's language, motor, and social skills development.
A second-grade class includes two students who have language delays and who tend to speak to peers and adults only when necessary. Which of the following teacher strategies would be most effective for increasing the students' use of oral language in the classroom? A. posting a chart for each of the two students that tallies the number of times each of them communicates with others during the day B. scheduling a daily morning meeting that includes time for students to voluntarily share personal experiences with one another C. setting up small-group activities on a regular basis that require students to talk to one another in order to complete assignments D. meeting with the two students individually at the end of the day to ask them questions related to the day's lessons and activities
C. setting up small-group activities on a regular basis that require students to talk to one another in order to complete assignments
In which of the following ways would it be most helpful for parents/guardians to participate in the assessment process of a four-year-old child? A. selecting the appropriate venue in which to perform the assessment as well as the materials that would work best with their child B. preteaching the skills needed for the assessment to shorten the time involved in the process for both the team and the child C. sharing insights into the child's developmental background as well as any cultural differences that could inform the assessment process D. developing a time line for the assessment process that fits well with the whole family's home, school, and work schedules
C. sharing insights into the child's developmental background as well as any cultural differences that could inform the assessment process
Four-year-old Jonas has recently joined Ms. Townsend's prekindergarten class. Jonas and his family moved from another country and he speaks very little English. Ms. Townsend's class has been learning to count to 10. Which of the following activities would be the most effective for Ms. Townsend to use to help Jonas learn this skill? A. reading books about counting during circle time and pausing to count items in the story B. adding authentic props (e.g., telephone) to the dramatic play area to familiarize children with numerals C. singing counting songs and encouraging Jonas to repeat the counting aloud D. providing opportunities for Jonas to demonstrate one-to-one correspondence, such as during snack time
C. singing counting songs and encouraging Jonas to repeat the counting aloud
A teacher learns that the district is considering requiring all first-grade students to engage in academic testing that the teacher believes is developmentally inappropriate. In this situation, the teacher can best serve as an advocate for students by taking which of the following actions first? A. discussing the issue with students' families B. offering to help a local reporter write a story on the issue C. talking to the school principal about the issue D. posting research on the issue on the school's Web site
C. talking to the school principal about the issue
A librarian reads to six-year-olds about two friends who argue and end up in a minor fight. Saying that arguments are normal, the librarian helps the group discuss ways to prevent arguments from becoming fights. An excerpt of the list is shown below. *Do not yell or hit. *Listen to the other person. *State the main problem. *Work out an agreement. This activity is particularly important for introducing children to which of the following types of life skills? A. using active listening skills to clarify a speaker's intent B. developing resistance skills to maintain personal safety C. using social skills to resolve conflicts constructively D. developing assertiveness skills to resist negative peer pressure
C. using social skills to resolve conflicts constructively
During an upcoming open house, a prekindergarten teacher plans to give a brief presentation to parents/guardians about ways to promote their children's language development. Which of the following recommendations would be most appropriate for the teacher to include in this presentation? A. "Be sure that vou establish and maintain eve contact with vour children whenever vou speak with them." B. "If your child points to an object that he or she wants, say the name of the object and require your child to say the word in order to be given the object." C. "Ask your children simple yes or no questions during conversations to make sure they understand what you are saying." D. "Talk to your child throughout the day and encourage him or her to participate in conversations with familv members as much as possible."
D. "Talk to your child throughout the day and encourage him or her to participate in conversations with familv members as much as possible."
According to the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Code of Ethical Conduct, which of the following statements best reflects a primary ethical responsibility of PreK-4 teachers in regard to student assessment? A. Students should only be assessed in comparison to peers with a similar academic profile. B. Standardized achievement measures, which include normative assessment, should focus most on showing students' performance in relation to their previous performance. C. Students' grade-level curriculum should be modified based only on most current projective achievement results. D. Appropriate assessment systems, which include multiple sources of information, should provide information about students' learning and development.
D. Appropriate assessment systems, which include multiple sources of information, should provide information about students' learning and development.
A teacher assesses a child using a running record. She notes that the student's prosody need to improve. What is prosody? A. Speed of reading B. Accuracy of reading C. Comprehension level D. Cadence and expression
D. Cadence and expression
According to Linnea Ehri's Phases of Word Recognition Development, at which phase would a student rely less on individual letter sounds and more on multi-letter patterns within words? A. Partial Alphabetic B. Automatic C. Full Alphabetic D. Consolidated Alphabetic
D. Consolidated Alphabetic
Which of the following statements accurately describes a central principle of the family systems theory? A. Families' internal dynamics are directly influenced by the community environment. B. Patterns of interaction within families remain consistent over time. C. Families evolve through predictable and identifiable developmental stages. D. Individual family members are mutually influenced by and dependent on one another.
D. Individual family members are mutually influenced by and dependent on one another.
For a beginning reader to succeed in recognizing the meaning of a word the reader has just decoded, which of the following must be true? A. The word rhymes with one or more high-frequency words. B. The word appears in a text that is of interest to the reader. C. The word is one that the reader can spell. D. The word is already part of the reader's oral vocabulary.
D. The word is already part of the reader's oral vocabulary.
During a routine parent-teacher conference, a student's parent confides to the teacher about a recent job loss. The single parent, with an infant and toddler at home, explains that child care, health insurance, and housing are no longeraffordable. In this situation, the teacher's most important priority should be to: A. reassure the parent that the teacher is always available to listen and offer support. B. urge the parent to inform friends and relatives of the circumstances and seek their support. C. solicit donations from school staff to provide the parent with short-term support. D. connect the parent to available support services in the community.
D. connect the parent to available support services in the community.
A prekindergarten teacher wants to establish a classroom environment in which spontaneous play is encouraged and play is recognized and valued as meaningful learning. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective for the teacher to use to achieve this goal? A. modeling the correct way to play with new toys and games when introducing them to the classroom B. asking students to bring in their favorite playthings from home to share with their classmates during show-and-tell C. designing assessments that ask students to demonstrate content knowledge through play activities D. ensuring that a variety of materials are available in the classroom for students to try out and explore during playtime
D. ensuring that a variety of materials are available in the classroom for students to try out and explore during playtime
A third-grade student has been having difficulty keeping up with assignments, finishing and turning in homework, and studying for tests. The third-grade teacher has met with the student's parents, who agree that their child would benefit from extra help in several areas. Together, the teacher and the parents identify supports for the student that will be implemented at home and at school. Which of the following additional steps should the teacher take to facilitate the parents' involvement in addressing their child's challenges? A. asking the parents to take responsibility for explaining to their child the supports that will be implemented B. recommending that the parents investigate private tutoring for their child should the supports prove unsuccessful C. suggesting that the parents visit the classroom to observe their child during various instructional periods D. establishing a dialogue journal to communicate with the parents about their child's progress and any issues that arise
D. establishing a dialogue journal to communicate with the parents about their child's progress and any issues that arise
In support of a school-wide initiative to enhance the learning environment for students with disabilities, fourth-grade teachers will be participating in regular meetings with special education professionals. The primary focus of these meetings should be to: A. identify innovative techniques that can be implemented to meet the needs of students with disabilities. B. analyze the classroom performance of students with disabilities and agree on revisions to make to the students' IEPs. C. determine the most appropriate instructional settings for students with disabilities. D. examine the effectiveness of current practices in meeting the needs of students with disabilities and make adjustments as needed.
D. examine the effectiveness of current practices in meeting the needs of students with disabilities and make adjustments as needed.
After reviewing midyear testing data, a fourth-grade teacher is concerned about an increase in achievement differences between groups of students in the class. In attempting to address this issue, the teacher should begin by: A. determining the percentage of students in the class who currently achieve at or above grade level. B. identifying those students in the class who tend to remain on-task during instructional activities. C. asking other teachers at the school whether they are seeing similar trends in their classes. D. examining personal attitudes, expectations, and practices regarding learning for all students in the class.
D. examining personal attitudes, expectations, and practices regarding learning for all students in the class.
A student who is an English language learner who qualifies for migrant education services joins a second-grade class partly into the school year. The teacher is preparing to administer a variety of informal assessments to the student. Which of the following teacher goals should be the main focus of these assessments? A. evaluating whether the student demonstrates any signs of a disability B. determining the student's general level of English language proficiency C. measuring the student's language proficiency and literacy level in the home language D. identifying any specific weaknesses in the student's academic knowledge and skills
D. identifying any specific weaknesses in the student's academic knowledge and skills
The development of object permanence during the sensorimotor stage is significant because it demonstrates that the child can: A. filter out all but the essential sensory information of a physical item and then select a response. B. begin to feel more relaxed and secure when away from his or her primary caregivers. C. recognize the ability to make things happen by eliciting a consistent response from a caregiver. D. maintain a symbolic representation of an item in memory even when it is out of sight.
D. maintain a symbolic representation of an item in memory even when it is out of sight.
A first-grade teacher uses a language experience approach with beginning-level students who are English language learners. A student dictates a story based on personal experience to the teacher who writes the story verbatim. The teacher then leads the student in various reading and language activities using the dictated text. A primary benefit of this approach is that it helps the student: A. access important content-area vocabulary. B. develop phonemic awareness in English. C. achieve grade-level reading and writing standards. D. make connections between oral and written English.
D. make connections between oral and written English.
The most important reason for using varied assessment methods and formats with young children is that such an approach: A. allows teachers to make accurate predictions about children's future academic performance. B. helps motivate children to become actively engaged in learning. C. promotes teachers' objectivity and fairness in evaluating children's performance. D. provides children with multiple avenues to demonstrate their learning.
D. provides children with multiple avenues to demonstrate their learning.
Teachers have an ethical responsibility to: A. provide each student with opportunities to learn alongside peers with similar backgrounds. B. show flexibility in defining standards for academic performance. C. use personal preferences when determining classroom behavior expectations. D. respond to the needs of all students.
D. respond to the needs of all students.
A second-grade teacher is reading a story aloud to a class that includes several students who are English language learners. Throughout the reading, the teacher pauses to verify students' comprehension. The teacher encourages all students tospeak and participate in discussions during and after the reading. Which of the following types of feedback from the teacher would provide meaningful English language input to the students who are English language learners during the discussions? A. repeating what students say to model correct pronunciation B. posing literal questions that elicit one- or two-word answers C. giving simple explanations about basic grammar rules and syntax D. responding to the intent and content of the students' utterances
D. responding to the intent and content of the students' utterances
At the end of the school year, a kindergarten teacher assesses each of her students. She asks each student questions and has them do a series of academic tasks. The kindergarten teacher will use the results of the assessment to gain an understanding of each student's strengths and weaknesses and pass this information on to next year's teacher and the student's parents/guardians. This type of testing is limiting in its scope because: A. skills tested by a familiar teacher often get unreliable results. B. the techniques used for oral-response tests are not always well developed. C. it is time consuming for the teacher and hard for a five-year-old to complete. D. skills are tested in isolation and may not be indicators of final performance.
D. skills are tested in isolation and may not be indicators of final performance.
According to convergent research, which of the following factors has been shown to have the greatest effect on a child's language development? A. the age at which the child starts attending preschool or prekindergarten B. the number of family members living at home with the child C. the quality and diversity of books and toys the child is exposed to D. the amount of verbal input the child receives from caregivers and others
D. the amount of verbal input the child receives from caregivers and others
