Peds EAQs preschoolers
Which are resources that enable the family of a preschool-age client to develop and adapt to stressors? Select all that apply. 1. Education 2. Communication 3. Problem solving 4. Prior experiences 5. Adequate finances
1, 4, 5, Education, prior experiences, and adequate finances are all resources that enable families to develop and adapt to stressors. While effective communication and problem-solving enables families to develop and adapt to stressors, these are not considered resources.
How can a nurse best meet a preschooler's developmental needs just before a physical examination. 1 By allowing the child to handle the examination equipment Incorrect 2 By explaining to the child what will happen during the examination 3 By arranging for a peer who has had the same examination to talk to the child 4 By requesting that one of the parents stay with the child during the examination
1, Handling the equipment permits the child to investigate and become familiar with the instruments to be used. An explanation is beyond the comprehension of the average 4-year-old and will do little to ease anxiety. Another child's explanation is beyond the ability of a 4-year-old to understand and will do little to reduce anxiety. Having a parent present is supportive; however, the child should be given an opportunity to handle the equipment before the procedure, whether or not a parent is present.
A nurse is planning to foster independence in a group of 4-year-old children. What self-care skill does the nurse expect 4-year-olds to be capable of performing? 1 Parting and combing hair 2 Putting on a shirt and buttoning it 3 Cutting meat with a fork and knife 4
2. Slipping into shoes and tying shoelaces Four-year-old children can put on a shirt and can fasten it if the buttons are large. Four-year-olds will be able to comb, but not part, their hair. Four-year-olds can handle a fork and spoon, but cannot hold the meat with the fork while cutting it with the knife; children are usually 7 years old before this task is managed. Four-year-olds old can put on shoes, but are usually unable to tie them until age 5. Test-Taking Tip: Do not panic while taking an exam! Panic will only increase your anxiety. Stop for a moment, close your eyes, take a few deep breaths, and resume review of the question.
The student nurse is learning about cognitive development in preschoolers. Which is characteristic of cognition in 4-year-olds? 1 Beginning to question what parents think 2 Egocentricity in thought and behavior 3 Phase of intuitive thought 4 Beginning ability to view concepts from another perspective
3, A 4-year-old child is in the phase of intuitive thought. A 3-year-old child is egocentric in thought and behavior. A 5-year-old child begins to question what parents think by comparing them with age-mates and other adults. A 3-year-old has beginning ability to view concepts from another perspective.
A nurse is obtaining a health history from the parents of a preschooler with celiac disease. What characteristic does the nurse expect when the parents describe their child's stools? 1. Large, frothy, green 2. Small, pale, mucoid 3. Large, pale, foul-smelling 4. Moderate, green, foul-smelling
3, Children with celiac disease have a gluten-induced enteropathy and are unable to absorb fats from the intestinal tract, resulting in the typical characteristics of their stools. The stools are large and fatty or frothy, not mucoid. Although the stools are large and frothy, they are pale because of their high fat content. The stools are large and foul-smelling and have little color. STUDY TIP: Record the information you find to be most difficult to remember on 3" × 5" cards and carry them with you in your pocket or purse. When you are waiting in traffic or for an appointment, just pull out the cards and review again. This "found" time may add points to your test scores that you have lost in the past.
A nurse is planning to teach the parents of a preschool child with recently diagnosed cystic fibrosis why the child has respiratory problems. What should the nurse remember about the underlying pathophysiology? 1 Airway irritability causes spasms. 2 Lung parenchyma becomes inflamed. 3 Excessively thick mucus obstructs airways. 4 Endocrine glands secrete surplus hormones.
3, Dysfunction of the exocrine glands leads to the secretion of mucus that is thicker and more tenacious than normal. The characteristics of this mucus cause it to pool in the lungs and make expectoration difficult. In addition to airway obstruction, children with cystic fibrosis are more likely to have respiratory infections. Airway irritability is associated with hyperactive airway disease. Inflamed lung parenchyma is associated with pneumonia; this a secondary complication related to stasis of secretions. The endocrine glands are not directly affected in cystic fibrosis.
Which factors influence vocabulary, speech, and comprehension in preschoolers? Select all that apply. Correct 1 Environment Incorrect 2 Health status 3 Temperament Correct 4 Cognitive ability 5 Physical development
Environment and cognitive ability influence vocabulary, speech, and comprehension in preschoolers. Health status and physical development influence a child's school readiness. Temperament influences a child's social development and interactions.
Which psychosocial change is least likely to be seen in preschoolers? 1 Preschoolers suck their thumbs during stress. 2 Preschoolers feel guilty for behaving inappropriately. 3 Preschoolers feel happy if there is a newborn in the family. 4
Preschoolers are curious to know more about surroundings. Sources of stress for preschoolers can include changes in caregiving arrangements, the birth of a sibling, and parental marital distress. Hence, preschoolers are less likely to feel happy with the birth of a new baby in the family. Preschoolers may revert to bedwetting or thumb sucking during times of stress. Guilt arises in children when they believe that they have not behaved correctly. Preschoolers tend to be curious about their environment.
What is the average height of a four-year-old child? 1 2 feet, 10 inches (86.6 cm) 2 3 feet, 1.5 inches (95 cm) Correct 3 3 feet, 4.5 inches (103 cm) 4 3 feet, 7.5 inches (110 cm)
The average height of a four-year-old child is 3 feet, 4.5 inches (103 cm). The average height of a two-year-old child is 2 feet, 10 inches (86.6 cm). The average height of a three-year-old child is 3 feet, 1.5 inches (95 cm). The average height of a five-year-old child is 3 feet, 7.5 inches (110 cm).
The preschool-age client is learning sociocultural mores. What should this imply to the nurse regarding this client? Correct 1 The child is developing a conscience. 2 The child is learning about gender roles. 3 The child is developing a sense of security. 4
The child is learning about the political process. Learning the sociocultural mores of the family implies that the child is developing a conscience. This does not imply that the child is learning gender roles, developing a sense of security, or learning about the political process.
At which age may the eruption of permanent dentition begin? 1 Two years 2 Three years 3 Four years 4 Five years
The eruption of permanent dentition may begin at the age of five years, not two years, three years, or four years.
The nurse is instructing a parent on how to promote safety in a preschooler. What statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching? Correct 1 "I should restrict my child from learning to swim." 2 "I should restrict my child from running in parking lots." 3 "I should stop my child from running after a ball in the streets." 4 "I should stop my child from playing around any used refrigerator."
The parent need not restrict the preschooler from trying to swim. The parent may teach the child to swim, but it should be done under supervision. A parent should restrict the child from walking alone in parking lots and running after a ball or toy because pedestrian accidents involving young children are common. The parent should not allow the child to play with a used refrigerator. If a child cannot exit from a used refrigerator, asphyxiation can occur.