Peds Final

Carolyn is a 5 year old with a cardian disorder. She has trouble playing with her peers at day care. Whch client factors may be interferring with her play

endurance

What is the term for the subtle tone changes a child makes in response to shifts in center of mass, so he can remain upright?

equilibrium reactions

How is a child determined to be eligible for birth to 3 services

eval

Which statement is not true concerning maturation

everyone develops the same

•An infant's first sucking pattern is called suckling. Which of the following movements of the tongue are characteristic of this pattern of sucking?

extension retraction

COTAs can become certified in the administration and interpretation of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).

false

Heat as a modality is generally used at the end of the treatment session to relax the muscles.

false

Ultrasound is a commonly used PAM in the treatment of pediatric hand injuries.

false

What do boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy commonly develop

fatty tissue

Anticipatory strategy that is observed in postural adjustment before voluntary movements is called

feed forward

_________ refers to the anticipatory strategies that are observed in the postural adjustment that the individual makes before voluntary movements

feed forward

Philip is a 5-month-old infant showing righting reactions. He is capable of lifting his head when in supine position. When he is pulled to a sitting position, he can maintain his head in alignment with his body without the initial head lag. As Philip's occupational therapist, which of the following do you think is Philip's righting reaction?

flexion reaction

If a child has a cold, you should limit activities that requiring blowing (bubbles, etc) because

fluids and air back up in the Eustachian tube and the ear drum could possibly burst

Charlene, the COTA, talks with 11-year-old Bob about strategies that may help him in the classroom and at home. Why does Charlene choose to do this?

for carry over

Bob a 5 year old boy is unable to dress himself and cannot write his name or count to 10. Bob has a longish face with a high forehead and prominant jaw. he has lax joints and stands with flat feet

fragile x

This is a sex linked hereditary disorder that almost always occurs in boys and is characterized by prolonged clotting times and abnormal or excessive bleeding

fragile x

John's mother is worried by the fact that John falls down when he tries to catch a ball thrown at him. He just loses his balance and falls. Otherwise, he can sit, stand, and walk well. In which of the following areas do you think John has a problem?

in anticipatory postural control

Which of the following statements describes the etiology of Gullain barre syndrome

immune system attacks the nerves

Which sitting position is most helpful for writing?

in a chair with a back with feet on the floor

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

mean median and mode mostly median

Which provision of the individuals with disabilities education act gives children with disabilities the right to be educated with their non disabled peers

ADA

Children with this disorder exhibit inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity

ADHD and ADD

Danny is a 14 year old. He requires extensive help for all ADLs he is able to communicate his wants and needs by answering yes no questions

ID

What is the most significant effect of lead poisoning

ID

_____ is the legislation that requires schools to provide free appropriate public education to all children from birth to 21 years

IDEA

This disorder occurs frequently in premature infants who are born with a deficiancy of sufactant

IRDS

Which form of juvenile rheumatoid arthitis can involve the organs as well as the joints

Systemic - Stills disease

T/F Equilibrium reactions are designed to correct displacements, whereas protective reactions are designed to protect a child from a fall

True

Which readiness skills do children entering preschool programs need

attention, bowel bladder

Andrew tends to sit in a posterior pelvic tilt, although this may prevent him from achieving other milestones. What is the term to describe the tendency to stay in the patterns of the status quo?

attractor state

Tiffany is a 10-year-old girl who got in trouble in class for talking during free writing time. When confronted, she told the teacher that she did not intentionally speak out loud, but it made the writing easier. What kind of learner is Tiffany?

auditory

Gayle colors using a variety of markers with ease. In what stage of motor learning is she?

autonomous

The occupational therapist works to improve 2-year-old Kyle's hand strength in hopes that this will allow him to manipulate objects better in play. What type of approach is the therapist using?

bottom up

Hydrocephalus

build of fluids in cavities of the brain

A child with ____ usually has the characteristic features of shortened limbs and fingers, slanted eye skin fold over nasal corners straight line across hand mental retardation and floppy muscle tone

downs

What is the parents and childs right to bring legal action against a school called

due process

Which term reflects a learning disability in writing

dyslexic

Which of the following is not considered an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)?

eating and feeding

What must the OT practitioner never do when a child is having a seizure

place anything in the mouth

The OT practitioner played a dress-up game in therapy to work on the child's goal to put on a shirt independently. What does this session illustrate?

play as the tool

Which task represents an informal education activity

playing a game

Anitra is a 2-year-old with low muscle tone, flat emotions, and frequent lethargy. The COTA who treats her has difficulty gaining Anitra's attention when trying to engage her in movement activities. What handling technique can facilitate increased tone, alertness, and activity level?

positioning her on the lap and bouncing her up and down

Charlie, a 10-year-old boy, is unable to ride a bicycle. He has poor balance and low muscle tone throughout and does not cross midline. His teacher reports that he sits slouched in his seat and has difficulty reading across the page. Charlie has difficulty copying words from the board. Which type of deficit do these findings represent?

postural occular

_______________ is the natural movement of the child's center of gravity within a base of support in any upright position.

postural sway

One strategy for developing appropriate social skills focuses on a child's special interest or favorite character. This is

power cards

Which of the following is used to help children identify which topics or activities are appropriate to discuss or to do with different people and in various settings?

privacy circle

Lisa is an 8-year-old girl who bumps into things frequently, bears down hard on her pencil at school, and stands very close to her friends. Lisa gets in trouble in school because she is always "talking herself through" her handwriting homework. Lisa likes to play rough at home and is frequently called a bully by her younger brother. What type of dysfunction does this scenario depict?

proprioception

Many children with this condition seek firm pressure to their skin, or joint compression and traction. A child may also use too much or too little force in activities such as writing or clapping. They may also misjudge personal space and bump into other people or objects. What is this condition called?

proprioception

Frank is unable to extend his hand quickly enough to prevent him from falling. With what reaction is he having difficulty

protective

A child is running trips and falls forward on outstretched hands this is called

protective extension

Molly moves from sit to stand and raises her arms over her head to reach for a toy on the top shelf. Which statement describes how she has changed her center of mass and balance?

raised her center of mass, resulting in less stable balance

Which type of practice is best for transfer of learning?

random

What is sensory integration?

refers to the way the nervous system receives messages from the senses and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses

What are the reactions called that bring the body back to midline position and the head in vertical position (e.g., when an infant is tilted to the side and brings his head back to the middle)?

righting

An object may be moved end over end, such as in turning a coin or a peg over or in turning a pencil over to use the eraser in this type of in-hand manipulation.

rotation

Mike and Scott are wrestling in the water. Mike flips Scott, who goes under water. Scott gets up laughing and pushes Mike. In which type of play are they engaged

rough and tumble

Which of the following types of supervision involves direct contact at the worksite at least every 2 weeks

routine

It is bedtime for 10-year-old Johnny. After lying down for about 5 minutes, he gets out of bed and repeatedly throws himself on the bed while grunting and holding his stomach. He continues in this behavior for about 8 minutes then climbs back into bed. After approximately 3 minutes, Johnny gets back out of bed and resumes throwing himself onto it. Which of the following approaches should be a first-line strategy for addressing the behavior?

rule out sickness or pain

Arthur is a 4-year-old with Down syndrome who is beginning to work on bilateral midline hand skills. His low muscle tone causes him to fatigue quickly when working against gravity. What is a good positioning choice to help Arthur's fine motor play?

seated in a chair with good support to the trunk

Which objective addresses playfulness as the intended outcome?

the child will share toys with another child at least twice during a 15 minute play session

WHat is an important message to convey to families when first meeting them

their goals matter

WHich statement is not true concerning primitive reflex

they DO integrate if typical development

What statement most closely describes the principle of neurodevelopmental treatment?

through repetition of movement children develop improved neural pathways to help them move

Involvement of the ____________ has a more significant effect on hand function development than impairment of any other digit

thumb

Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient recovering from servere burn

tight skin

Why is it important for a COTA to understand the basic problems commonly seen in a specific diagnosis

to implement functional tx

** end of test 1 Why is early identification of developmental delay important

to recognize need for services asap

Which pencil grip is considered the most mature?

tripod

Bilateral hand skills development is later than unilateral development b/c there are greater attention and planning demands required for bilateral skills.

true

Newborn movement is characterized by phyiological flexion

true

Sufficient strength is necessary to initiate all types of grasp patterns and to maintain these patterns during carrying.

true

T/F The development of motor skills in infants can be accelerated by training, practice, and experience

true

Tactile stimulation that is self-applied is tolerated better than tactile stimulation that is therapist-applied

true

The ability to imitate a vertical line develops before the ability to imitate a horizontal line.

true

When applying coban wrap to control edema, it should be applied distally to proximally on the digit.

true

When referring to grasp, ulnar is power side and Radial is precision side

true

Children leanr to finger feed use a pincer grasp and creep simultaneously when is this an example of

typical development sequencing

Which of the following is a remediation strategy that would help a child with motor planning deficit dress?

use a strategy of practice, repetition, and simple directions

Which strategy to help with dressing is not appropriate for a child with sensory processing issues?

use detergent with a strong fragrance

Which solution may help Kylee, a 7-year-old girl who has difficulty spacing her words?

use stickers or something to physically make a space

Useful techniques to help special children tolerate hair care do not include which one of the following?

using a quick light touch

The COTA, Marvin, is working with 3-year-old Harvey on his prewriting skills. Which skill would be the easiest for Harvey to accomplish?

vertical and horizontal lines and circles

Which system detects head position and movement as well as gravity and pertains to the inner ear receptors, the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs?

vestibular

What are the means of establishing service competency

video, co treatment, observation

Jill is a 4 year old who has been having difficulty focusing on her toys. She tends to hold objects close to her face and is having difficulty with fine motor skills. Based on this info what would most likely be going on

visual motor

The most appropriate handling techniques used with childrn who have spastic CP to decrease overall tone would be

warmth and deep pressure

Which activity would best work on Stewart's poor shoulder co-contraction and endurance?

weight bearing - wheel barrow walking

What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?

weight shift

Which of the following activities is an activity that requires weight bearing on the hands?

wheel barrow walking

Blocking exercises are useful when a child demonstrates difficulty with

when the patient demonstrates difficulty with PIP and/or DIP flexion and/or extension.

How is are results on a standardized assessment best reported to parents and teachers

without judgement - actual scores

A possible intervention for students who have tremors when writing is:

wrist weights

Drinking skills

•In America, use of a cup is sometimes introduced as early as 6 months of age•Skills in drinking from a cup do not emerge until about 12 months of age.•24 months - use of small cup without lid, however, spillage occurs •Drinking with straw emerges at about 2 years of age

Kyphosis

hunchback

_____ is a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of CSF within the ventricles of the brain

hydro cephelas

____ is the term used to describe rigid high tone

hypertonicity

_____ is demonstrated when a child uses his or her arms to crawl up the thighs to a standing position from a kneeling position

low tone

Which of the following often mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis because of the arthritis like symptoms in the large joints

lyhme disease

Polydactyl

many fingers

______ this condition is similar to autism however there are no significant delays in language skills

aspergers

Which sequence describes the profession of play according to Reily

- Exploratory behaviors, competency, and achievement

At what age do children typically scribble on paper?

10-13 months

By what age do children generally learn to use a spoon?

18 months

In which period other than fetal growth is physical growth most rapid

1st year

At what age is toileting training for daytime bladder control typically completed

3

What is the length of typical prenatal period

34-36 weeks

a mature dynamic tripod grasp is normally developed by

5

At what age do children copy a triangle and print their own name?

5-6 years

The average weight of a full term neonate is

7 lbs 2 oz 19-22 inches

Which IQ score is considred to be within normal limits

85-115

At what age do children demonstrate adult speed in writing?

9th grade

Which of the following is often used up to 40 hours per week and helps children perform socially significant behaviors through a reinforcement training technique?

ABA

Videofluoroscopic Swallow study

Also referred to as a modified barium swallow.•This is used to analyze the swallow mechanism and is particularly important for children who aspirate or are at high risk for aspiration.•The purpose of VFSS is to id whether the child aspirates and how the child swallows liquids and different textures in different positions.

Which frame of reference assesses ROM muscle strength and endurance

Biomechanical

A general term used to describe a variety of postural control and movement disorders that result from a lesion to the CNS

CP

______ is a group of motor disorders caused by a lesion or damage in the brain either prenatally or perinatilly or postnatally

CP

What is the most important aspect of legibility?

Clear enough to read • Letter formation • Alignment • Spacing • Size • Slang • Readability Formula: Total number of readable words = 4 = 50%

This surveillance and monitoring instrument is employed by professionals or trained paraprofessionals to determine if a child's development is within the normal range:

Denver developmental

The most effective intervention(s) to reduce edema is/are

Effective strategies - positioning -keep arm/hand above heart - AROM - grasping and releasing activities Other - Compressive wraps - Coban wrapped distally to proximal on a digit - Retrograde massage - moving distal to proximal

Which sequence of scissors skills is correct?

Holding the scissors Using the assist hand Paper-scissors relationship Cutting action

In which category of intelletual disability does Jonathans IQ test results of 60 place him

Mild

Joey is a 18 year old and intellectually disabled. He completed the seventh grade and is going to start vocational training in the fall

Mild

During an intitial interview parents describe their child as having severe difficulty in communicating and interacting with others. the COTA also observes that the child exhibits many repetitive and ritualistic behaviors. The behaviors described are most likely associated with

OCD/ASD

Eval, goal setting, and discharge planning are all part of

OT process

When discussing sexuality with an adolescent in a school setting, what must the OT practitioner first do?

OT should gain consent from the adolescents parent or guardian

The therapist gives a child a stick and asks the child to hold the stick with both hand like a baseball bat and hit a balloon. This activity may be helpful for which of the following problem areas?

ROM crossing midline

A strategy that involves the therapist and student identifying the problem, discussing the possible solutions and the consequences of those solutions, and then practicing the plan of action that the student chooses is called

SOCCSS

Which objective best reflects playfulness as the goal of the therapy session?

Sarah will participate in turn taking game with playmate for 5 minutes within 4 weeks

sensory recognition

The process of receiving, detecting, and making sense of input from the environment

hyperreactivity

a child with this condition may tend to overreact to a variety of sensory stimuli

hyporeactivity

a condition in which the individual tends to ignore or be relatively unaffected by sensory stimuli to which most people respond

gravitational insecurity

a condition in which there is a tendency to react negatively and fearfully to movement backward or upward through space

neural plasticity

ability of a structure and its function to be changed gradually by its own ongoing activity

Eating

ability to keep and manipulate food or fluid in the mouth and swallow it.

What can be expected of a 4 year old

able to run independence in dressing

Diabetes type 2

affects blood sugar too much insulin

A child with CP quadripledgic athetoid type has involvement in

all 4 limbs

Of the following, the best activity for working with a child with an equilibrium response problem is:

all of the above

_____ is the absence of a limb or the distal segments of a limb

amputation stump

Russell is shorter than all the other children in his class, and he frequently becomes frustrated that his motor skills are not as good as those of his peers. He hates gym class. What term is used to describe his perception?

body image

What technique is used when the caregiver takes the child's clothes off, washes the child in a tub, and dries the child off, but the child dresses self and empties the tub water?

backward chaining

What must be included for a child to be diagnosed with an ID

before 18 and meet 6 categories

Which of the following can help provide stability to children who lack antigravity muscle strength and stability?

blocking or fixing certain joints

Which statement describes the vision of newborns

blurry, figures only, some color - see best 8 inches away

On what does the success of home based intervention with children with disabilities most depend

carry over with parents

Which statement correctly describes positioning?

children should assume a variety of positions

Which strategy is recommended for working with parents

collaboration

What technique is the OT using by providing the child with a shower chair, nonslip map, and safety bars when showering

compensatory

sensory modulation

condition in which there is a tendency to react negatively and emotionally to touch sensations

Molly and keriigan are on different soccer teams and they clearly know the rules. They enjoy making friendhsip bracelets and telling elaborate stories about their friends. They are responsible for picking up their rooms and helping out at home. What age best represents this play scenario

cooperative play

You observe a right-handed student who always starts writing in the center of the page and all writing is from the center to the right side of the paper. What may be the problem?

crossing midline

A therapist planned a chirstmas activity later to find out that her clients were of Jewish faith and did not celebrate christmas. THis shows the important of examining which aspect of environment when planning activities

culture/religion

Scoliosis

curve in the spine

Which of the following types of grasps is often used to control tools or other objects?

cylindrical

Which type of grasp is used to hold a glass with the hand around the object?

cylindrical

____ is an inherited disorder found more often in white chldren causes exocrine glands and their secretions to block pancreatic ducts, bronchial tree and digestive

cystic fibrosis

David has problems at school with reading and has recently been labeled dyslexic. WHich of the following is true

decrease in understanding and ability to recognize language

Robert, a 7-year-old with athetoid cerebral palsy, exhibits poor arm and hand control. All of the following positioning strategies and adaptive utensils can help Robert in self-feeding EXCEPT:

give him a wider and flatter dish

Which statemet best describes a family centered approach to intervention

goal setting with family

What is the practitioner doing by moving the objects higher so that the child has to reach above his head to get them?

grading

Ramon is a 12-year-old boy who will not play on the swings or slides at school. He has difficulty climbing up the second floor staircase at school and cannot sit in the bleachers. What type of problem does this depict?

gravitational insecurity

You are treating Jim a 12 month old boy with developmental delays. He is sitting without support anterior propping. According to developmental theory which skill would you work on next

gross to fine - sitting unsupported

What does prone position facilitate in infants?

hand strength and neck and trunk extension

WHich action is most important component of infection control

hand washing

The COTA positions her palm on the child's abdomen and back in an effort to help the child move from upright sitting to quadruped. What is the term used for what the practitioner is doing?

handling

What is true about normal development

happens in a sequence

Which statement is true concerning working with families according to family systems theory

have capacity to change, order maintain through daily routines, families change to meet goals

The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) observes a 6-year-old child with cerebral palsy and high muscle tone using a W-sitting position on the floor at all times. What does this observation suggest about the child?

he is using a compensatory position to establish stability

How does using raised-lined paper help children in their handwriting?

helps them know where to begin and end letters

Samantha is 16 months old and has significant motor problems. Drinking is a more difficult skill for her to achieve than eating solid foods. Keeping this in mind, what kinds of liquids would you recommend as part of her daily feeding?

include thick cream soups in her diet and give her fruit juices of nectar consistency

Many children learn to snap before inserting a zipper and sometimes before buttoning because

increased proprioceptive feedback is given in snapping

Terry, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), plays "Simon Says" with Julie and asks her to raise her hands high above her head and to the sides. On which motor goal is she working?

increasing ROM in the UE

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone caused by infection

Meningitis

inflammation of brain and spinal cord

Tyrell is an 8-year-old with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy who has made great gains in head control and use of his arms and hands while positioned prone on a wedge. The COTA decides to have Tyrell try to use his skills at a more advanced level. Which activity is most likely to integrate his success with prone posture?

initiating forward movement while prone on a scooter board

Swallowing

is a complex act in which food, fluid, medication, or saliva is moved from the mouth through the pharynx and the esophagus and into the stomach

Complete the following sentence. All challenging behavior

is neccessary

How does activity-focused motor intervention differ from task-specific training?

it includes a focus on impairments

which of the following statements is true about typical development

it occurs top to bottom, sequence, and horizontally

the dvelopment of ____ is closely related to cognitive development

language or gross motor

Lordosis

large sway in back above butt

The type of grasp used to turn a key in a lock is called:

lateral pinch

______ is cancer of the blood forming tissues

leukemia

The term used to describe the limits of how far the child can lean before a fall occurs:

limits of stability

Who determines if a child has an exceptional educational need and requires special services

medical doctor

Of the four-stage sequence in the development of movement proposed by Margaret Rood, which stage is characterized by antigravity movements?

mobility

which factor allows you to predict how a family will adapt to a crisis

morphogenic change and adapatation

Which of the following statements is true about the OT practitioners study of typical development

must know what is typical with development

What must be true for OT services to be provided in the school system

neccessary/ IEP disability

Epilepsy

nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed causing seizures

How did Ayres view sensory input?

nourishment to the brain

Terry is a 14-year-old girl who can never find her papers and does not know where to put her school supplies. She loses assignments in her backpack. With what executive function is she experiencing difficulty?

organization of materials

Children with this disorder are said to have brittle bones and need to be involved in movements activity to strengthen the muscles and promote the benefits of weight bearing on the posture

osteogensis imperfecta

Mira is a 10 year old with JRA she has trouble completing her work at school what may be interfering

pain

FIne motor play of the infant in the first year of life inclues

palm grasp, full flexion of fingers,

Scott is able to move the penny from inside his hand to his fingertips without using his other hand. What hand skill pattern does this represent?

palm to tip translation

Diabetis type 1

pancreas produces little or no insulin kids

What type of social play is demonstrated when a child plays next to another child in the sandbox without interacting

parallel play

In a children's social skills group, which of the following supports the idea that children learn by observing the behavior of others, which includes two phases: acquisition and performance?

peer performance

The activities of obtaining and using supplies and washing, drying, combing, and trimming one's hair fall in what category?

personal hygiene and grooming

Henry, a 9-year-old boy, complains of how his new school clothes feel, hates noises in the car, and is easily irritated at school by all the movement of his classmates. Henry becomes car sick easily. He is a very picky eater, stating that he does not like the smell and taste of many foods. Which type of deficit do these findings represent?

sensory modulation

Tommy is a 10-year-old boy who will eat only mashed foods, does not like noises (e.g., he gets upset when the phone rings), and has difficulty sitting during meals. Tommy's parents report that he does not like new clothes and cannot wear jeans. What type of sensory integrative problem doesTommy have?

sensory modulation

WHich set of terms best describes the readiness skills required for setting the table

sequencing, generalization, categorization

When working on meal preparation, what should you begin with?

simple snacks that require no heating

What position is optimal for upper extremity functioning?

sitting, supported back, feet on floor

Suck-swallow-breathe synchrony is not necessary for which of the following?

smiling and frowning

•Georgina, a 1-year-old infant with autism, displays oral hypersensitivity. Which of the following would you introduce to her during your intervention activities to best help her cope with her problem? (select 2)

soft crackers or cookies and well cooked vegetables

Kelly is a 3 month old ingant. As you observe her you notice that her eyes are open they are bright and shining and she can track moving objects with her eyes. You would likely classift kelly into which of the following infant states

solitary play

Feeding

sometimes called self-feeding—is defined as the process of setting up, arranging, and bringing food from the table, plate, or cup to the mouth.

Which is the most serious of the spinal curvature disorders

spinabifida

What is the benefit of having children participate in activities in which they are in prone position on a scooter board?

strengthen extensor muscles in the trunk and neck