Peds GI prepu questions

The parent of a 3-week-old infant brings the infant in for an evaluation. During the visit, the parent tells the nurse that the infant is spitting up after feedings. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Infants this age commonly spit up."

The nurse is collecting data on a 2-year-old child admitted with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. When interviewing the caregivers, which question is most important for the nurse to ask?

"Tell me about the types of stools your child has been having."

The nurse is caring for a 13-year-old girl with suspected autoimmune hepatitis. The girl inquires about the testing required to evaluate the condition. How should the nurse respond?

"You will most likely have a blood test to check for certain antibodies."

A nurse is providing education to a family about why their child needs parenteral nutrition (PN). Which of the following would be included in the discussion?

"Your child is will receive PN due to the fact they need more nutritional therapy with the type of cancer they have."

The nurse is assessing a child with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply.

-Abdominal distention -Bilious vomiting

The nurse is caring for a client with Crohn disease. Which long-term complications require monitoring? Select all that apply.

-a stricture -a fistula -intraabdominal abscess formation -short-bowel syndrome

A child with chronic hepatitis develops cirrhosis. Which would the nurse indicate as a progression of the disease on shift hand-off? Select all that apply.

-pallor -abdominal distention -prominent abdominal veins -petechiae and bruising

A child with gastroenteritis has been unable to keep oral medication down. What nursing intervention would be appropriate for this client?

Request an intravenous form of the medication

A neonatal nurse examines an infant born with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The nurse is prepared for what condition associated with CDH that generally occurs at birth or within the first few hours of life?

Resp. distress

The nurse is caring for an infant recovering from surgery for pyloric stenosis. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to guide care during the immediate postoperative period?

Risk for infection of incision line, related to disruption of skin barrier during surgery

The nurse should monitor which laboratory values for the child who has had a nasogastric (NG) tube placed for decompression of the gastrointestinal tract with suction?

Serum sodium and potassium

Which assessment findings suggest that an infant with diarrhea is severely dehydrated?

elevated hematocrit and depressed eye globes

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old child with Crohn disease. What assessment finding will the nurse report to the health care provider when caring for the child?

fever

The nurse has admitted a child with a diagnosis of severe gastroenteritis. To help prevent the risk of transmitting infection to other clients, the nurse should:

follow standard precautions

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which finding indicates pyloric stenosis?

hard, moveable "olive-like mass" in the upper right quadrant

Pyloric stenosis has been diagnosed in a 3-week-old male infant who has frequent vomiting after feedings. An important preoperative nursing intervention is:

maintaining NPO status while restoring hydration and electrolyte balance

A 4-month-old has had a fever, vomiting, and loose watery stools every few hours for 2 days. The mother calls the physician's office and asks the nurse what she should do. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Bring the child to the office today so we can evaluate her fluid balance and determine the best treatment."

The nurse is advising a group of new parents on how to care for their infant at home if the baby develops mild diarrhea. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

"I should offer Pedialyte after 1 hour and frequently thereafter to prevent dehydration."

The nurse is determining maintenance fluid requirements for a child who weighs 25 kg (55 lb). How much fluid would the child need per day?

1600

The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of gastrointestinal disorders. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is mostaccurate related to the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux?

In this disorder the sphincter that leads into the stomach is relaxed.

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about hepatitis A viral infection. The nurse would describe which of the following as the route of transmission?

Fecal-oral

The nurse is providing care for a child who has been diagnosed with rickets. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

Administration of adequate vitamin D

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has undergone surgery to repair a hernia. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for this patient?

Assisting with early ambulation to facilitate peristalsis

The nurse performs an abdominal assessment of an infant and observes a prominent venous pattern. The nurse interprets this as indicating which of the following?

Cirrhosis of the liver

The nurse is providing care to a child with an intussusception. The child has a bowel movement and the nurse inspects the stool. The nurse would most likely document the stool's appearance as having what quality?

Currant jelly-like

The nurse is caring for a child admitted with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Which clinical manifestation would likely be seen in this child?

Effortless vomiting just after the child has eaten

A parent brings a 2-year-old child to the health clinic with reports of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The father tells the nurse that he is a single parent and his child is enrolled in a local day care center. Based on this information, what gastrointestinal condition might the nurse suspect?

Gastroenteritis

The parents of a boy diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease are anxious and fearful of the upcoming surgery. The mother states, "I'm worried about having to care for our son's ostomy." Which intervention would be most helpful for the parents?

Having a wound, ostomy, and continence nurse meet with them

The nurse admits a 7-year-old child who reports pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, and constipation. An assessment shows that the child has a fever of 101℉ (38.3℃). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement to safely address the child's reported pain?

Help the child find a comfortable position.

A neonatal nurse teaches students how to recognize gastrointestinal disorders in infants. The nurse tells the students that failure of the newborn to pass meconium in the first 24 hours after birth may indicate what disease?

Hirschsprung disease

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis during the preoperative phase of the child's treatment. What is the highest priority at this time?

Improving hydration

A 9-month-old girl is brought to the emergency room with what appears to be bouts of intense abdominal pain 15 minutes apart in which she draws up her legs and cries, often accompanied by vomiting. In between the bouts, the child recovers and appears to be without symptoms. Blood is found in the stool. What condition should the nurse suspect in this case?

Intussusception

The nurse has developed a plan of care for a 12-month-old hospitalized with dehydration as a result of rotavirus. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care?

Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered The nurse should maintain an IV line and administer the IV fluid as ordered to maintain fluid volume. High-carbohydrate fluids like fruit juice, Kool-Aid, and popsicles should be avoided as they are low in electrolytes, increase simple carbohydrate consumption, and can decrease stool transit time. Milk products should be avoided during the acute phase of illness as they may worsen diarrhea.

The nurse performing an abdominal examination on a patient auscultates the abdomen and documents high-pitched, hyperactive bowel sounds. The nurse is aware that this is indicative of:

Partial intestinal obstruction

Which type of nutrition would the nurse expect to administer to a preterm infant who was born at 34 weeks' gestation and has developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

TPN

The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of gastrointestinal disorders. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is most accurately related to the diagnosis of colic?

There are recurrent paroxysmal bouts of abdominal pain.

What occurs in the gastrointestinal system of the child with Hirschsprung disease?

There is a partial or complete mechanical obstruction in the intestine.

Parents ask the nurse to explain why they should encourage their reluctant child to eat when the youngster is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What is the reason the nurse will provide?

To keep the digestive system healthy and functioning

A 6-week-old infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. When taking a health history from the parent, which symptom would the nurse expect to hear described?

Vomiting immediately after feeding

A mother is told that her child will receive total parenteral nutrition. She asks the nurse what this means. The nurse bases her response on knowledge that total parenteral nutrition is:

administration of fluids, electrolytes, amino acids, lipids, dextrose, and minerals through an IV

The nurse recognizes that in the disorder referred to as rickets, the child has a lack of vitamin D. Because of the lack of vitamin D, the absorption of which of the following is decreased?

calcium and phosphorus

Nurses will need to teach the parents of the infant being treated for Hirschsprung disease (aganglionic megacolon) to:

care for a temporary colostomy

A child has presented to the clinic with diarrhea. The nurse should teach the parent to give which item to properly care for the child?

bananas

A mother is alarmed because her 6-week-old boy has begun vomiting almost immediately after every feeding. In the past week, the vomiting has grown more forceful, with the vomit projecting several feet from his mouth. He is always hungry again just after vomiting. At the physician's office, the nurse holds the child and offers him a bottle. While he drinks, the nurse notes an olive-size lump in his right abdomen. Which condition should the nurse suspect in this child?

pyloric stenosis

A child is diagnosed with intussusception. The nurse would prepare the child and family for which of the following?

surgery

The nurse is assessing a 10-day-old infant for dehydration. Which finding indicates severe dehydration?

tenting of skin