Peds Test 2
c
An important nursing consideration when caring for a child with impetigo contagiosa is which of the following? A. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation. B. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions. C. Thoroughly wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child. D. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris.
c
An important role of the nurse in ambulatory settings and schools is the identification of communicable diseases for treatment and the prevention of spread. An important component is the recognition of which of the following aspects of the disease? A. Source B. Causative agent C. Prodromal stage D. Constitutional symptoms
a
Bullying can be common during the school-age years. The nurse should recognize that bullying: A. Can have a lasting effect on children. B. is not a significant threat to self-concept. C. is rarely based on anything that is concrete. D. is usually ignored by the child who is being teased.
d
By what age should one be concerned about pubertal delay in boys? A. 12 to 12.5 years B. 12.5 to 13 years C. 13 to 13.5 years D. 13.5 to 14 years
c
A 4-year-old child has ingested a toxic dose of iron. The parent reports that the child vomited and had gastric pain an hour ago but "feels fine" now. The parent is not sure when the child ingested the iron tablets. The nurse should recommend which of the following? A. Administer activated charcoal. B. Observe the child closely for 2 more hours. C. Bring the child to the hospital immediately. D. Administer ipecac to induce vomiting if the child does not vomit again within 1 hour.
d
A Boy Scout sustains frostbite to his feet while out hiking in the mountains. Before he is transported to the nearest emergency treatment center, which of the following is important in managing his care? A. Gently rub feet with hands. B. Wrap feet in warm, wet towels. C. Place feet in hot water for 30 minutes. D. Prevent him from walking any farther.
d
A child falls on the playground and has a small laceration on the forearm. The school nurse should do which of the following to cleanse the wound? A. Slowly pour hydrogen peroxide over wound. B. Soak arm in warm water and soap for at least 30 minutes. C. Gently cleanse with sterile pad and a nonstinging povidone-iodine solution. D. Rinse the wound with sterile water or saline, using a syringe to generate mild pressure.
a
A child has an evulsed (knocked out) tooth. The parents are reluctant to try to reimplant the tooth. What should the tooth be placed in for transport to the dentist? A. Cold milk B. Cold water C. Dry, clean jar D. Warm salt water
a
A common characteristic of those who sexually abuse children is which of the following? A. Pressure victim into secrecy B. Are usually unemployed and unmarried C. Are unknown to victims and victims' families D. Have many victims that are each abused only once
c
A group of boys ages 9 and 10 have formed a "boys only" club that is open to neighborhood and school friends who have skateboards. This should be interpreted as which of the following? A. Behavior that encourages bullying and sexism B. Behavior that reinforces poor peer relationships C. Characteristic of social development of this age D. Characteristic of children who are later at risk for membership in gangs
a
An adolescent girl tells the nurse that she thinks about death all of the time. The nurse asks her if she has a specific plan. This question should be considered which of the following? A. An essential part of the assessment B. Suggesting that the adolescent needs a plan C. Inappropriate until parents are present for discussion D. A close-ended question that will inhibit assessment
b
An adolescent tells the school nurse that she is pregnant. Her last menstrual period was 4 months ago. She has not received any medical care. She smokes but denies any other substance use. The priority nursing action is which of the following? A. Notify her parents. B. Refer her for prenatal care. C. Explain the importance of not smoking. D. Discuss dietary needs for adequate fetal growth.
b
An adolescent with bulimia has a low potassium level. The nurse is aware of the potential for which of the following complications? A. Anemia B. Cardiac arrhythmias C. Gastrointestinal reflux D. Heightened neurologic reflexes
a
Preschoolers' fears can best be dealt with by which of the following interventions? a. Actively involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience b. Forcing them to confront the frightening object or experience in the presence of their parents c. Using logical persuasion to explain away their fears and help them recognize how unrealistic the fears are d. Ridiculing their fears so that they understand that there is no need to be afraid
b
The nurse is caring for an adolescent brought to the hospital with acute drug toxicity. Cocaine is believed to be the drug involved. Initial data collection should include which of the following? A. Chemical content of drug B. Method of administration C. Function the drug plays in the adolescent's life D. Adolescent's level of interest in rehabilitation
d
Which of the following describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? A. Have developed the ability to reason abstractly B. Become capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic C. Progress from making judgments based on what they reason to making judgments based on what they see D. Have the ability to place things in a logical order, to group and sort, and to hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept
d
Which of the following factors promotes wound healing? A. Antiseptics B. Eschar formation C. Dry wound environment D. Moist, crust-free wound environment
c
Which of the following is a characteristic of children with depression? A. Increased range of affective response B. Preoccupation with need to perform well in school C. Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain D. Tendency to prefer play to schoolwork
d
Which of the following is an important consideration when the nurse is discussing enuresis with the parents of a young child? A. Enuresis is more common in girls than boys. B. Enuresis is neither inherited nor has a familial tendency. C. Psychogenic factors that cause enuresis persist into adulthood. D. Encourage the child to take charge of treatment interventions.
a
Which of the following is an important nursing intervention in the care of a child with bacterial conjunctivitis? A. Warm, moist compresses to remove crusts B. Oral antihistamines to minimize itching C. Continuous warm compresses to relieve discomfort D. Optic corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
c
Which of the following is associated with social drinking in adolescents? A. Heavy drinking as an adult B. Increasing rates of liver disease C. Significant morbidity and mortality D. Use of stimulants to counter depressive effects of alcohol
d
Which of the following is characteristic of the psychosocial development of school-age children? A. Peer approval is not yet a motivating power. B. A developing sense of initiative is very important. C. Motivation comes from extrinsic rather than intrinsic sources. D. Feelings of inferiority or lack of worth can be derived from children themselves or from the environment.
c
Which of the following is descriptive of a parent who is an abuser? A. Usually has a good support system B. Is usually well educated C. Is a single-parent or young parent family D. Often has good knowledge of parenting skills
b
Which of the following is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Manifestations exhibited are so bizarre that the diagnosis is fairly easy. B. Manifestations affect every aspect of the child's life but are most obvious in the classroom. C. Learning disabilities associated with ADHD eventually disappear when adulthood is reached. D. Diagnosis of ADHD requires that all manifestations of the disorder are present.
d
Which of the following is descriptive of bulimia during adolescence? A. Strong sense of control over eating behavior B. Feelings of elation after the binge-purge cycle C. Profound lack of awareness that the eating pattern is abnormal D. Consumption of large quantities of food used as a coping mechanism
b
Which of the following is descriptive of the preschooler's concept of time? a. Has no understanding of time b. Associates time with events c. Can tell time on a clock d. Uses terms such as yesterday appropriately
a
Which of the following is descriptive of toddlers' cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Realize that "out of sight" is not out of reach b. Search for an object only if they see it hidden c. Put objects into a container but cannot take them out d. Understand the passage of time, such as "just a minute" and "in an hour"d. Control of anal and urethral sphincters
a
Which of the following is the most commonly used method in completed suicides? A. Firearms B. Drug overdose C. Self-inflicted laceration D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
b
Which of the following is the most frequent source of symptomatic lead poisoning in children? A. Folk remedies B. Lead-based paint C. Unglazed pottery D. Cigarette butts and ashes
c
Which of the following should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis? A. Cut hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe. B. Wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo. C. Remove nits with an extra-fine tooth comb or tweezers. D. Distinguish viable from nonviable nits and remove all viable ones.
c
Which of the following should the nurse include when giving parents guidelines about helping their children in school? A. Punish children who fail to perform adequately. B. Help children as much as possible with their homework. C. Communicate with teachers if there appears to be a problem. D. Accept responsibility for children's successes and failures.
b
Which of the following statements accurately describes physical development during the school-age years? A. Child's weight almost triples. B. Child grows an average of 5 cm (2 inches) per year. C. Few physical differences are apparent among children of different genders at the end of middle childhood. D. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to child's heavier appearance.
a
Which of the following statements is correct about childhood obesity? A. Heredity is an important factor. B. Most children have an underlying disease as a cause. C. The percentage of children who are obese is decreasing. D. Prevalence of childhood obesity is similar across socioeconomic groups.
c
Which of the following statements is true about adolescents who attempt suicide? A. Suicide attempts are rarely associated with mental health problems. B. The adolescent has mastered problem-solving skills. C. Gay and lesbian adolescents are at high risk for suicide. D. They may have parents with idealistic expectations of academic performance.
d
Which of the following statements is true about smoking in adolescence? A. Smoking among adolescents is becoming more prevalent. B. Smoking will not continue unless peer pressure continues. C. Adolescents with identified personality traits are more likely to smoke. D. Smoking is less common when an adolescent's parents disapprove of smoking.
d
Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to observe during the physical assessment of an adolescent girl with severe weight loss and disrupted metabolism associated with anorexia nervosa? A. Tachycardia B. Dysmenorrhea C. Heat intolerance D. Lowered body temperature
a
Which statement characterizes toddlers' eating behavior? a. Food fads are common. b. They have increased appetite. c. They have few food preferences. d. Their table manners are predictable.
a
While caring for hospitalized adolescents, the nurse observes that sometimes they are skeptical of their parents' religious beliefs and practices. The nurse should recognize that this is which of the following? A. Normal spiritual development B. Abnormal spiritual development C. Related to illness and occurring only at times of crisis D. Related to parents' inability to explain adequately their beliefs and practices
c
Why do peer relationships become more important during adolescence? A. Adolescents dislike their parents. B. Adolescents no longer need parental control. C. Peer relationships provide adolescents with sources of social reinforcement. D. Peer relationships promote a sense of individuality in adolescents.
b
An adolescent girl tells the nurse she has some type of vaginitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations is most suggestive of candidiasis? A. Dysuria B. Vaginal pruritus C. Malodorous vaginal discharge D. Solitary clusters of nontender papules
a
A mother calls the school nurse saying that her daughter has developed school phobia. She has been out of school 3 days. The nurse's recommendations should include which of the following? A. Immediately return child to school. B. Determine cause of phobia before returning to school. C. Explain to child that this is the last day she can stay home. D. Seek professional counseling before forcing child to return to school.
d
A parent has a 2-year-old in the clinic for a well-child checkup. Which of the following statements by the parent would indicate to the nurse that the parent needs more instruction regarding accident prevention? a. "We locked all the medicines in the bathroom cabinet." b. "We turned the thermostat down on our hot water heater." c. "We placed gates at the top and bottom of the basement steps." d. "We stopped using the car seat now that our child is older."
d
A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. Which one of the following is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Explain to the child why the tantrum is wrong. c. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. d. Remain close by the child but ignore the behaviors.
c
A young child is being treated for giardiasis. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to the child's parent? A. The children can swim in a pool if wearing diapers. B. The parasite is difficult to transmit, so no special precautions are indicated. C. Diapers must be changed as soon as soiled and changed away from the source of water when swimming. D. Cloth diapers should be rinsed in the toilet before washing.
d
An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should include which of the following? A. It is an inherited problem. B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain. C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychologic reaction. D. One factor is the onset of ovulatory cycles.
d
An adolescent boy tells the nurse that he has recently had homosexual feelings. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that: A. this indicates the adolescent is homosexual. B. psychotherapy is required for this adolescent. C. he will be unable to form relationships as an adult. D. the adolescent should be encouraged to share his feelings and experiences.
a
According to Piaget, the adolescent is in the fourth stage of cognitive development, the period of: A. formal operations. B. concrete operations. C. conventional thought. D. postconventional thought.
b
Anorexia nervosa is best described as: A. easily diagnosed and treated. B. Emaciation from self-inflicted starvation. C. resulting from a posterior pituitary disorder. D. occurring most frequently in adolescent males.
b
Recommendations for parents of toddlers to meet fluoride requirements include all of the following except: a. supervise the use of toothpaste. b. Supervise the use of fluoride rinses. c. store fluoride products out of reach. d. administer fluoride supplements if water fluoride content is low.
d
Correct terminology is necessary in understanding substance abuse. Physical dependence is which of the following? A. Voluntary behavior based on psychosocial needs B. A problem that occurs in conjunction with addiction C. Culturally defined use of drugs for purposes other than accepted medical purposes D. Involuntary physiologic responses to the pharmacologic characteristics of drugs
a
Drug abuse is suspected in an adolescent being seen in the emergency department. Which of the following physical signs is suggestive of barbiturate ingestion? A. Ataxia B. Cyanosis C. Sweating D. Tachycardia
d
How does the peak of the pubertal growth velocity compare in girls and boys? A. No consistent pattern exists between boys and girls. B. In boys, the peak occurs about 1 year before it occurs in girls. C. Both boys and girls reach the growth spurt peak at the same age. D. On average girls reach their peak growth rate 2 years earlier than boys.
c
Imaginary playmates are beneficial to the preschool child because they do which of the following? a. Take the place of social interactions b. Take the place of pets and other toys c. Become friends in times of loneliness d. Accomplish what the child has already successfully accomplished
b
In planning sex education and contraceptive teaching for adolescents, the nurse should consider which of the following? A. Both sexual activity and contraception require planning. B. Teenagers frequently lack a fundamental understanding of fertility. C. Most teenagers today are knowledgeable about reproductive anatomy and physiology. D. Most teenagers who become pregnant do so as an act of hostility, especially toward the parents.
d
In terms of fine motor development, what could the 3-year-old child be expected to do? a. Tie shoelaces b. Use scissors or a pencil very well c Draw a person with seven to nine parts d. Draw single-line shapes such as circles.
c
In the United States, which of the following is approximate mean age of menarche? A. 10.5 years B. 11.25 years C. 12.55 years D. 13.5 years
b
Strict isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with: A. mumps. B. Chickenpox. C. exanthema subitum (roseola). D. erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).
d
Matt's mother tells the nurse that he keeps scratching the areas where he has poison ivy. The nurse's response should be based on which of the following? A. Disturbing the lesions will cause the poison ivy to spread. B. Once the lesions have formed, no further damage can be done. C. Poison ivy does not itch, so this needs further investigation. D. Scratching the lesions may cause them to become secondarily infected.
d
Myelination of the spinal cord is almost complete by 2 years of age. As a result of this, which of the following can gradually be achieved? a. Visual acuity of 20/20 b. Throwing a ball without falling c. Respirations becoming diaphragmatic d. Control of anal and urethral sphincters
b
Nursing responsibilities in the management of adolescent obesity include which of the following? A. Plan a low-calorie, low-protein diet. B. Incorporate favorite foods into child's diet. C. Encourage diversional activities during mealtimes. D. Use nutritious foods as a method of reward.
c
Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in adolescents is important because it: A. is easily prevented by proper personal hygiene. B. is easily prevented by compliance with any form of contraception. C. can have devastating effects on the reproductive tract of affected adolescents. D. can cause life-threatening and serious defects in the future children of affected adolescents.
b
Question Which of the following is the causative agent for erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? A. Paramyxovirus organisms B. Human parvovirus B19 C. Human herpesvirus type 6 D. Group A â-hemolytic streptococci
b
Ringworm, frequently found in schoolchildren, is caused by which of the following? A. Virus B. Fungus C. Allergic reaction D. Bacterial infection
b
Sleep problems in the school-age child are often demonstrated by: A. night terrors that awaken the child. B. delaying tactics because they do not wish to go to bed. C. somatic illness that awakens the child. D. increasing need for sleep time compared with adolescents.
a
The nurse is assessing a child with herpetic gingivostomatitis. In determining whether to wear gloves, the nurse bases the decision on which of the following? A. This virus easily enters breaks in the skin. B. Gloves are always worn at the discretion of the nurse. C. The lesions do not contain the virus, so gloves are not needed. D. Herpes simplex is difficult to spread, minimizing the need for gloves.
c
The parents of an 8-year-old girl tell the nurse that their daughter wants to join a soccer team. The nurse's suggestions regarding participation in sports at this age should include which of the following? A. Organized sports such as soccer are not appropriate at this age. B. Competition is detrimental to the establishment of a positive self-image. C. Sports participation is encouraged if the type of sport is appropriate to the child's abilities. D. Girls should compete only against girls because at this age boys are larger and have more muscle mass.
c
The school nurse is discussing dental health with some children in first grade. Which of the following should be included? A. Teach how to floss teeth properly. B. Recommend toothbrush with hard nylon bristles. C. Emphasize importance of brushing before bedtime. D. Recommend nonfluoridated toothpaste approved by the American Dental Association.
c
The school nurse is discussing testicular self-examination with adolescent males. Why is this important? A. Epididymitis is common during adolescence. B. Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections may be present. C. Testicular tumors during adolescence are generally malignant. D. Testicular tumors, although usually benign, are common during adolescence.
b
The school nurse tells adolescents in the clinic that confidentiality and privacy will be maintained unless a life-threatening situation arises. This practice is: A. not appropriate in a school setting. B. important in establishing trusting relationships. C. suggestive that the nurse is meeting his or her own needs. D. never appropriate because adolescents are minors.
d
The single greatest source of unintentional injury and death in the adolescent age-group involve which of the following? A. Firearms B. Drownings C. Drug overdoses D. Motor vehicle crashes
a
The term used to describe an abnormal sensation such as burning or prickling is: A. Paresthesia. B. hyperesthesia. C. hypesthesia. D. anesthesia.
b
Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them. d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.
b
What is the first step in the emergency treatment of poisoning in a child? A. Locate the poison. B. Assess the child. C. Prevent absorption of poison. D. Terminate exposure to the toxic substance.
d
When applying wet compresses or dressings to the skin, the nurse should do which of the following? A. Apply dressing so that the area is totally immobilized. B. Apply dressing when it is saturated and dripping. C. Pour or syringe new solution over a dressing that has become dry. D. Apply desired solution on cotton gauze or soft cotton cloths, such as clean handkerchiefs.
a
When determining the etiology of a skin problem, which of the following is essential to the diagnosis of the lesions? A. Careful inspection B. Skin products used C. Type of laundry detergent D. Whether the siblings have similar lesions
a
When preparing parents to teach their children about human sexuality, the nurse should emphasize which of the following? a. Parents should determine exactly what the child knows and wants to know before answering a question about sex. b. A parent's words may have a greater influence on the child's understanding than the parent's actions. c. Parents should avoid using correct anatomic terms because they are confusing to the preschooler. d. Parents should allow children to satisfy their sexual curiosity by "playing doctor."
b
When teaching the adolescent about the management of acne, the nurse should include which of the following interventions? A. Clean face with an antibacterial soap twice a day. B. Clean face gently with a mild soap once or twice a day. C. Avoid foods with a high fat content such as French fries and chocolate. D. Express comedones by gentle squeezing, followed by cleansing with alcohol.
c
Which of the following describes moral development in the younger school-age child? A. The standards of behavior now come from within themselves. B. They do not yet experience a sense of guilt when they misbehave. C. They know the rules and behaviors expected of them but do not understand the reasons behind them. D. They no longer interpret accidents and misfortunes as punishment for misdeeds.