Penny Chapter 28: The Fetal Gastrointestinal System Review Questions, Penny Chapter 26: Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Review Questions

duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with:

!!! b. polyhydramnios

normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by:

!!! d. 12 weeks

what chromosomal anomaly is associated with echogenic bowel?

!!! c. trisomy 21

fetal meconium typically consists of all of the following except: a. skin b. hair c. bile d. blood

!!! d. blood

the lemon sign denotes

a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

which of the following would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid? a. duodenal atresia b. hepatomegaly c. bilateral renal ageneis d. physiologic bowel herniation

a. duodenal atresia

fetal stool is termed:

b. meconium

congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed:

c. duodenal atresia

the thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the:

d. massa intermedia

an omphalocele is associated with all of the following except: a. pentalogy of Cantrell b. trisomy 18 c. Patau syndrome d. meconium aspiration syndrome

d. meconium aspiration syndrome

all of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a. normal cord insertion b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities c. elevated MSAFP d. periumbilical mass

!!! a. normal cord insertion

talipes equinovarus is associated with

a. clubfoot

which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula b. the metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula c. the carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibular d. the tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur

a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula

the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is

b. achondroplasia

all of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. micromelia b. absent mineralization of the pelvis c. multiple dislocated joints d. polyhydramnios

c. multiple dislocated joints

all of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. amputation of fetal parts b. anencephaly c. facial clefting d. synechiae

d. synechiae

the group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:

!!! c. arnold-chiari II malformation

what organ(s) produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks?

!!! d. fetal kidneys

the majority of amniotic fluid is composed of: a. fetal blood b. fetal serous fluid c. maternal serous fluid d. fetal urine

!!! d. fetal urine

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. banana sign b. lemon sign c. enlarged massa intermedia d. normal MSAFP

!!! d. normal MSAFP

the artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as?

a. acoustic shadowing

intrauterine growth restriction is defined as:

b. A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age

the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:

b. scoliosis

hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with: a. down syndrome b. Edwards syndrome c. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome d. Hirschsprung disease

c. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

the congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed:

c. anorectal atresia

which of the following would be least likely associated with an elevated MSAFP? a. Pentalogy of Cantrell b. anorectal atresia c. gastroschisis d. omphalocele

!!! b. anorectal atresia

the form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is

!!! b. autosomal dominant

which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia? a. duodenal atresia b. jejunal atresia c. anorectal atresia d. intussusception

!!! c. anorectal atresia

which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios? a. duodenal atresia b. hepatomegaly c. bilateral renal ageneis d. physiologic bowel herniation

!!! c. bilateral renal agenesis

all of the following are sonographic findings of esophageal atresia except: a. absent stomach b. polyhydramnios c. macrosomia d intrauterine growth restriction

!!! c. macrosomia

absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes

!!! c. phocomelia

what abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?

!!! d. arthrogryposis

pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except: a. cardiovascular malformations b. diaphragmatic malformations c. omphalocele d. gastroschisis

!!! d. gastroschisis

the most common abnormality of the fetal liver is:

!!! d. hepatomegaly

all of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. splaying of the laminae b. enlarged posterior fossa c. lemon sign d. banana sign

b. enlarged posterior fossa

what term is defined as fusion of the digits?

c. syndactyly

a cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:

d. thanatophoric dysplasia

the "double bubble" sign is indicative of:

b. duodenal atresia

which of the following laboratory values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect? a. MSAFP b. human chorionic gonadotropin c. maternal serum amylase d. estradiol

a. MSAFP

which of the following best describes a choledochal cyst? a. it is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct b. it is the herniation of the abdominal contents into the umbilical cord c. it is the congenital absence of the cystic duct d. it is the inflammation of the biliary tree caused by extrinsic obstruction

a. it is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct

in VACTERL associated, the letter "L" stands for:

a. limb

an eccessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed:

a. polyhydramnios

all of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: a. s-shaped spine b. banana sign c. lemon sign d. colpocephaly

a. s-shaped spine

which of the following is most often associated with duodenal atresia? a. trisomy 21 b. trisomy 18 c. trisomy 13 d. triploidy

a. trisomy 21

the condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx

b. caudal regression syndrome

what is an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions?

b. cystic fibrosis

which of the following is associated with echogenic bowel? a. fetal anemia b. cystic fibrosis c. radial ray syndrome d. portal hypertension

b. cystic fibrosis

the fetal gut develops at the end of the fifth menstrual week and can be divided into all of the following except: a. midgut b. foregut c. centralgut d. hindgut

c. centralgut

the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:

c. colpocephaly

what is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?

c. folate

absence of the radius is referred to as:

c. radial ray defect

rhizomelia denotes

c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

what condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities?

c. sirenomelia

a protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is

d. AFP

a functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in:

d. Hirschsprung disease

all of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a. trisomy 18 b. pentalogy of Cantrell c. intrauterine growth restriction d. Hirschsprung disease

d. Hirschsprung disease

all of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except: a. trisomy 21 b. esophageal atresia c. VACTERL association d. Turner syndrome

d. Turner syndrome

achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. frontal bossing b. flattened nasal bridge c. trident hand d. absent mineralization of the skull

d. absent mineralization of the skull

an omphalocele may contain: a. fetal liver b. ascities c. fetal colon d. all of the above

d. all of the above

the disorder associated with fetal amputations is:

d. amniotic band syndrome

in VACTERL associated, the letter "C" stands for

d. cardiac (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities)

the congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed:

d. esophageal atresia

hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with: a. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome b. fetal anemia c. intrauterine infections d. gastroschisis

d. gastroschisis

upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. this is sonographic evidence of:

d. osterogenesis imperfecta

sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. this mass could be all of the following except: a. SCT b. meningocele c. meningomyelocele d. phocomeningocele

d. phocomeningocele

the herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed:

d. physiologic herniation

an abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed:

d. tracheoesophageal fistula

an absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as

b. caudal regression syndrome

all of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: a. ventral wall defects b. decreased MSAFP c. marked scoliosis d. shortened umbilical cord

b. decreased MSAFP

sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:

c. mermaid syndrome

a bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:

d. osteogenesis imperfecta

all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: a. closed defect b. elevated MSAFP c. sacral dimple d. hemangioma

!!! b. elevated MSAFP

all of the following are associated with gastroschisis except: a. normal cord insertion b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities c. elevated MSAFP d. periumbilical mass

!!! b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities

all of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except: a. down syndrome b. VACTERL associated c. Edwards syndrome d. oligohydramnios

!!! d. oligohydramnios

the fetal stomach should be visualized by:

!!! b. 14 weeks

a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is

b. achondroplasia

which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?

b. preexisting maternal diabetes

in what location does gastroschisis occur more often?

b. right lateral of the cord insertion

the exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is

b. sandal gap

what is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?

d. hemivertebra