Penny Chapter 28: The Fetal Gastrointestinal System Review Questions, Penny Chapter 26: Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Review Questions
duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with:
!!! b. polyhydramnios
normally, physiologic bowel herniation resolves by:
!!! d. 12 weeks
what chromosomal anomaly is associated with echogenic bowel?
!!! c. trisomy 21
fetal meconium typically consists of all of the following except: a. skin b. hair c. bile d. blood
!!! d. blood
the lemon sign denotes
a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull
which of the following would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid? a. duodenal atresia b. hepatomegaly c. bilateral renal ageneis d. physiologic bowel herniation
a. duodenal atresia
fetal stool is termed:
b. meconium
congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed:
c. duodenal atresia
the thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the:
d. massa intermedia
an omphalocele is associated with all of the following except: a. pentalogy of Cantrell b. trisomy 18 c. Patau syndrome d. meconium aspiration syndrome
d. meconium aspiration syndrome
all of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a. normal cord insertion b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities c. elevated MSAFP d. periumbilical mass
!!! a. normal cord insertion
talipes equinovarus is associated with
a. clubfoot
which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula b. the metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula c. the carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibular d. the tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur
a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is
b. achondroplasia
all of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. micromelia b. absent mineralization of the pelvis c. multiple dislocated joints d. polyhydramnios
c. multiple dislocated joints
all of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. amputation of fetal parts b. anencephaly c. facial clefting d. synechiae
d. synechiae
the group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:
!!! c. arnold-chiari II malformation
what organ(s) produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks?
!!! d. fetal kidneys
the majority of amniotic fluid is composed of: a. fetal blood b. fetal serous fluid c. maternal serous fluid d. fetal urine
!!! d. fetal urine
all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. banana sign b. lemon sign c. enlarged massa intermedia d. normal MSAFP
!!! d. normal MSAFP
the artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as?
a. acoustic shadowing
intrauterine growth restriction is defined as:
b. A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:
b. scoliosis
hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with: a. down syndrome b. Edwards syndrome c. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome d. Hirschsprung disease
c. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
the congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed:
c. anorectal atresia
which of the following would be least likely associated with an elevated MSAFP? a. Pentalogy of Cantrell b. anorectal atresia c. gastroschisis d. omphalocele
!!! b. anorectal atresia
the form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is
!!! b. autosomal dominant
which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia? a. duodenal atresia b. jejunal atresia c. anorectal atresia d. intussusception
!!! c. anorectal atresia
which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios? a. duodenal atresia b. hepatomegaly c. bilateral renal ageneis d. physiologic bowel herniation
!!! c. bilateral renal agenesis
all of the following are sonographic findings of esophageal atresia except: a. absent stomach b. polyhydramnios c. macrosomia d intrauterine growth restriction
!!! c. macrosomia
absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes
!!! c. phocomelia
what abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?
!!! d. arthrogryposis
pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except: a. cardiovascular malformations b. diaphragmatic malformations c. omphalocele d. gastroschisis
!!! d. gastroschisis
the most common abnormality of the fetal liver is:
!!! d. hepatomegaly
all of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. splaying of the laminae b. enlarged posterior fossa c. lemon sign d. banana sign
b. enlarged posterior fossa
what term is defined as fusion of the digits?
c. syndactyly
a cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:
d. thanatophoric dysplasia
the "double bubble" sign is indicative of:
b. duodenal atresia
which of the following laboratory values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect? a. MSAFP b. human chorionic gonadotropin c. maternal serum amylase d. estradiol
a. MSAFP
which of the following best describes a choledochal cyst? a. it is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct b. it is the herniation of the abdominal contents into the umbilical cord c. it is the congenital absence of the cystic duct d. it is the inflammation of the biliary tree caused by extrinsic obstruction
a. it is the cystic dilatation of the common bile duct
in VACTERL associated, the letter "L" stands for:
a. limb
an eccessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed:
a. polyhydramnios
all of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: a. s-shaped spine b. banana sign c. lemon sign d. colpocephaly
a. s-shaped spine
which of the following is most often associated with duodenal atresia? a. trisomy 21 b. trisomy 18 c. trisomy 13 d. triploidy
a. trisomy 21
the condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
b. caudal regression syndrome
what is an inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs such as the lungs, pancreas, and other digestive organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions?
b. cystic fibrosis
which of the following is associated with echogenic bowel? a. fetal anemia b. cystic fibrosis c. radial ray syndrome d. portal hypertension
b. cystic fibrosis
the fetal gut develops at the end of the fifth menstrual week and can be divided into all of the following except: a. midgut b. foregut c. centralgut d. hindgut
c. centralgut
the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:
c. colpocephaly
what is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?
c. folate
absence of the radius is referred to as:
c. radial ray defect
rhizomelia denotes
c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb
what condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities?
c. sirenomelia
a protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is
d. AFP
a functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in:
d. Hirschsprung disease
all of the following are associated with omphalocele except: a. trisomy 18 b. pentalogy of Cantrell c. intrauterine growth restriction d. Hirschsprung disease
d. Hirschsprung disease
all of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except: a. trisomy 21 b. esophageal atresia c. VACTERL association d. Turner syndrome
d. Turner syndrome
achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. frontal bossing b. flattened nasal bridge c. trident hand d. absent mineralization of the skull
d. absent mineralization of the skull
an omphalocele may contain: a. fetal liver b. ascities c. fetal colon d. all of the above
d. all of the above
the disorder associated with fetal amputations is:
d. amniotic band syndrome
in VACTERL associated, the letter "C" stands for
d. cardiac (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities)
the congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed:
d. esophageal atresia
hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with: a. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome b. fetal anemia c. intrauterine infections d. gastroschisis
d. gastroschisis
upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. this is sonographic evidence of:
d. osterogenesis imperfecta
sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. this mass could be all of the following except: a. SCT b. meningocele c. meningomyelocele d. phocomeningocele
d. phocomeningocele
the herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed:
d. physiologic herniation
an abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is termed:
d. tracheoesophageal fistula
an absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as
b. caudal regression syndrome
all of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: a. ventral wall defects b. decreased MSAFP c. marked scoliosis d. shortened umbilical cord
b. decreased MSAFP
sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:
c. mermaid syndrome
a bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:
d. osteogenesis imperfecta
all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: a. closed defect b. elevated MSAFP c. sacral dimple d. hemangioma
!!! b. elevated MSAFP
all of the following are associated with gastroschisis except: a. normal cord insertion b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities c. elevated MSAFP d. periumbilical mass
!!! b. multiple chromosomal abnormalities
all of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except: a. down syndrome b. VACTERL associated c. Edwards syndrome d. oligohydramnios
!!! d. oligohydramnios
the fetal stomach should be visualized by:
!!! b. 14 weeks
a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
b. achondroplasia
which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?
b. preexisting maternal diabetes
in what location does gastroschisis occur more often?
b. right lateral of the cord insertion
the exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is
b. sandal gap
what is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?
d. hemivertebra