Period 5 (Part 1) - Manifest Destiny and Sectional Conflict?
Missouri Compromise and Northwest Ordinance became void and unconstitutional because they restricted slavery
The Dred Scott invalidated what two previous laws that limited slavery in the U.S.?
Missouri Compromise
The Kansas-Nebraska Act invalidated what previous law?
Ireland
The Know Nothing Party was primarily concerned with immigration from what country?
Santa Anna
The Mexican President / General that strengthened national authority throughout Mexico took more control over Americans in Texas
War Party
This group was headed by recent migrants from Georgia; the group wanted independence from Mexico
Republican
This political party was formed by many Conscience Whigs, Anti-slavery Democrats, and Free Soilers and did not want to abolish slavery, rather they did not want it to spread.
Oregon Treaty
This was a treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain which settled the boundary of the Oregon Territory
Railroads
Travel on the Oregon and California Trails were replaced by ________.
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.
Santa Anna
This Mexican leader led a 4,000 man army and defeated 250 American defenders at The Alamo
Manifest Destiny
American settlers should possess the "whole of the continent" that God "has given us for the development of the great experience of liberty and self government"
Oregon Conventions
Ohio River Valley settlements organized ______ that called on the federal government to end joint occupation of the Oregon country with Britain.
Sam Houston
United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States
Gadsden Purchase
Although he failed to acquire Cuba, President Pierce succeeded in adding a strip of land to the American Southwest for a railroad
Great Plains
American emigrants passed quickly over this vast, dry region to reach the more inviting lands on the West Coast
Zachary Taylor
His military experience made him a popular war hero and helped him win the election of 1848
Major Stephen Long
-asked by President Monroe to explore the area west of the Missouri River
Fugitive Slave Act
-part of the Compromise of 1850 new law stating that you faced $1000 fine or 6 months in jail for helping runaway slaves
Liberty Party
3rd party in the election of 1844 which was an anti-slavery / abolition party
What boundary did the Oregon Treaty establish as the border between Britain (Canada) and the U.S.?
49th parallel
Mestizos
A culture comprised of mixed race people of Spanish and Native American ancestry.
The Alamo
A mission (religious building where missionaries would live) and fort in San Antonio, Texas, where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans.
speculator
A person that buys and sells something relatively quickly in order to make a quick buck (money).
Free Soil Party
A short lived political party formed in 1848 to oppose the spread of slavery in the territory acquired in the Mexican War.
Fugitive Slave Law
A tougher ________ was included as part of the Compromise of 1850.
John Brown
Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia
American Party
Another name for the Know Nothing Party.
Conscience Whigs
Anti-slavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds.
Free Soil Party
Argued that the yeoman farmer comprised a morally and economically superior economic system compared to slavery and the planter elite.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
54 40 or Fight
Campaign motto of James K. Polk
15 million
How much did the U.S. pay Mexico for the territory it took from Mexico at the end of the Mexican-American War?
Dred Scott vs Sanford
Court case in which a Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man
James Buchanan
Democratic candidate in election of 1856
Franklin Pierce
Democratic candidate in the election of 1852
Mexican-American War
Established the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico
slave TRADE was banned in D.C. (but not slavery!)
How was Washington D.C. part of the Compromise of 1850?
popular sovereignty
How was the issue of slavery addressed in the Utah and New Mexico Territories?
John Hale
Free Soil Party candidate in the election of 1852
Peace Party
Group led by Stephen Austin that advocated good relations with the Mexican government
John Brown
He became martyr for abolitionists
James K. Polk
He campaigned on the re-occupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of TX
John Brown
He hoped to arm slaves and start rebellion
Stephen Douglass
He proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Millard Fillmore
He received 22% of popular vote in the Election of 1856
James Birney
He was the 3rd party candidate in the election of 1840
Moses Austin
He was the first American to encourage settlement of Texas and acquired a lot of land from the Mexican government
Stephen Douglas
He wrote the Freeport Doctrine
American System
Henry Clay's plan for the nation which consisted of 1. A national bank 2. tariffs 3. internal improvements
tariffs
Identify the missing part of Henry Clay's American System: internal improvements, national bank
national bank
Identify the missing part of Henry Clay's American System: tariffs, internal improvements
internal improvements
Identify the missing part of Henry Clay's American System: tariffs, national bank
Manifest Destiny
Implied that it was a God-given right and inevitability for the U.S. to spread its Protestant religion, capitalist economy, and democratic-republican political system across the continent
California Trail
It was used by 250,000 farmers and gold-seekers to reach the California gold fields
Andrew Jackson
James K. Polk was often compared to this previous U.S. President
Pottawatomie Massacre
John Brown (abolitionist) and followers murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers in Kansas then mutilated their bodies to scare other slave supporters and to keep slavery supporters from moving into Kansas
Millard Fillmore
Know Nothing Party nominee in election of 1856
1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
Law that created two new territories (Kansas and Nebraska) and said popular sovereignty would decide slavery in each place
personal liberty laws
Laws passed by northern states to weaken the fugitive slave act.
California Trail
Major overland emigrant route across the Western United States from Missouri to California in the middle 19th century
Free Soilers
Many _________ voted for the democrats because of the Compromise of 1850 and allowing CA to be a free state
Stephen Austin
Mexico appreciated the support of this man and granted him significant concessions (land)
Lawrence
Name the anti-slavery state capital established in Kansas.
Lecompton
Name the pro-slavery state capital established in Kansas.
Great American Desert
Nickname for the Great Plains; the phrase was coined by Major Stephen Long
1856 Bleeding Kansas
Nickname for the anti-slavery and pro-slavery conflict in Kansas.
Was the Wilmot Proviso passed by the Senate?
No
Roger Taney
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the opinion for the Dred Scott case.
Know Nothing Party/American Party
Political Party formed by Protestant Americans and anti-immigrant
Winfield Scott
Presidential candidate that was a hero of Mexican-American War
Cuba
Pro-slavery Americans and Pro-slavery Congressmen and Senators wanted to the United States to acquire this country because of its warm climate and how conducive it was for using slaves to raise sugarcane.
1846 Wilmot Proviso
Proposed a bill (law) to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico (if the U.S. won the Mexican-American War)
James Fremont
Republican candidate in election of 1856
personal liberty laws
Required a trial by jury for all alleged fugitives and guaranteed them the right to a lawyer
Winfield Scott
Southern Whigs did not support him because he did not support slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Southerners were happy with this law, northerners were outraged; many northerners joined the abolition movement because of the law.
Freeport Doctrine
Stated that the territories could still determine the existence of slavery through unfriendly legislation and the use of police power in spite of the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott
Ableman vs. Booth
Supreme Court Case that ruled that the Fugitive Slave Act was void in Wisconsin because it was contrary to state law and the constitutional rights of its citizens
John Sutter
Swiss immigrant who discovered gold on his ranch in California in 1848.
Rio Grande
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established what river as the border between Mexico and the U.S.?
Dred Scott
The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Ableman vs. Booth
The case reached the Supreme Court in 1859 and was unanimously struck down; The Court said that the federal courts were supreme and upheld the constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Law
Battle of San Jacinto
The final battle of the Texas Revolution
Oregon Fever
The flocking of settlers to Oregon in search of fertile farmland
Compromise of 1850
The gold rush and influx of settlers into California caused a need for law and order in the west. The ______ helped fix this because it granted statehood to California.
John O'Sullivan
The man that coined the phrase "manifest destiny" in 1845
Uncle Tom's Cabin
The most influential book of this time about the conflict between a slave and his brutal white slave owner Simon Legree
Adams-Onis Treaty
The treaty that guaranteed Spanish sovereignty over the region of Texas; it also gave the U.S. control and ownership of Florida
1836
The year that the Battle of the Alamo took place
Mexican-American War
War fought to determine the southern border of Texas.
free state
Was California admitted as a free state or slave state?
free state
Was Kansas was admitted as free state or slave state?
cotton
What crop did most Americans grow when they settled in Texas?
Hanged
What happened to John Brown when he was caught at Harper's Ferry?
East Texas / East Texas gets significant rainfall, which helps in the cultivation of crops
What part of Texas did most Americans settle in? Why did they settle in this region?
Republican
What political party was Abraham Lincoln?
San Antonio
What present day city is The Alamo located in in Texas?
Wisconsin
What state took a "state's rights" view of the Constitution and refused to follow the new Fugitive Slave Law passed in the Compromise of 1850?
no expansion / gradual emancipation
What was Lincoln's view on slavery?
1820-1821
What year(s) did Major Stephen Long investigate the Great Plains and the Native American tribes that lived there?
Zachary Taylor
Whig candidate in the Election of 1848
Winfield Scott
Whig nominee in election of 1852
Henry Clay
Whig presidential nominee in the election of 1844
1848
Year that gold was discovered in California
1849
Year that the Gold Rush took place in California.
Was the Wilmot Proviso passed by the House of Reps?
Yes
Oregon Trail
connected Missouri to the Willamette Valley in Oregon
James K. Polk
democratic nominee in election of 1844
Sam Houston
first president of the Republic of Texas
Liberty Party
garnered less than 3% of the vote but won enough support among Whigs in NY to cost Clay the state and election entirely to Polk
Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee
mostly yeoman farming families from the southern border states of _________, _________, and _______ traveled the Oregon Trail looking for free land and a better life
Young Hickory
nickname of James K. Polk
John Brown
leader of Pottawatomie Massacre
Oregon Trail
migrants moved in wagon trains on the this trail which was 2,000 miles long and approximately a 6 month journey
Zachary Taylor
nicknamed "Old Rough and Ready"
Stephen Austin
son of Moses Austin
Independence, Missouri
the city and state which was the "jumping off point" for most settlers traveling the Oregon Trail
Willamette Valley
the river valley south of the Columbia River that was the destination of many people who took the Oregon Trail in the 1840s