Period 7 Questions

11. How does Henry Ford change the automobile industry in the United States?

Henry Ford changes the automobile industry in the United States by creating the assembly line which was extremely efficient, wasting no time at all.

5. What tactics did the KKK use in the 1920s, and how successful were they?

In the 1920s the KKK would play on Americans love for adventure and interest in secret rituals which would prove to be successful.

19. How is the stock market playing a role in the expanding economy of the 1920s?

The stock market is playing a role in the expanding economy in the 1920s by providing funds for companies further improving the opportunities for America.

2. Many times, Wilson's foreign policy is called "moral diplomacy." Using specific examples, explain why that is an appropriate term, using examples from both Latin America and Asia, and explain how Haiti forces Wilson to go against his ideals.

"Moral diplomacy" is the correct term when referencing Wilson's foreign policy which is shown through examples such as in Mexico where he had stationed troops to protect Mexico from dictatorship.

16. What reforms happen as a result of the Panic of 1907?

As a result of the Panic of 1907, reforms such as the issuing of emergency backed by different kinds of collateral through Congress passing the Aldrich-Vreeland Act authorizing National Banks to do so.

7. What is Black Tuesday? What happens to the U.S. economy following the crash?

Black Tuesday refers to the event in which the stock market crashed completely destroying the U.S. economy leading to the Great Depression.

4. Why did challenges exist for American neutrality at the outset of World War I?

Challenges existed for American neutrality at the outset of World War I due to interactions between foreign nations in incidences such as the sinking of the Lusitania by German U-Boats as well as trade with Allies which would upset Germany since their group (the Central Powers) wasn't receiving any weaponry.

19. In what ways do colonialism and imperialism seem to sneak into the Treaty of Versailles?

Colonialism and imperialism sneak into the Treaty of Versailles through the addition of German losing substantial territory that would be distributed by the League of Nations.

16. How does Congress get the manpower necessary to fight the war?

Congress gets the manpower necessary to fight the war through war propaganda incentivizing Americans to join the US Army.

14. What are the changes for black citizens during World War I? How does this cause tension?

During WWI black citizens would be able to sign up for war which caused tensions due to prejudice towards African Americans.

17. What role do the U.S. forces play in the fighting during World War I?

During WWI the US would be a big supplier of soldiers and supplies for the Allies near the end of the war with fresh soldiers compared to the Axis' tired soldiers.

15. How is morality in America changing during the decade? (Flappers, Freud, etc.)

During the decade the youth would be glorified and find personal freedom for themselves.

6. Following the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, what gains are Progressives able to get for workers?

Following the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, Progressives were able to secure better working conditions and regulation of hours for workers.

1. How did Harding's nominees to the Supreme Court strip away some of the gains of the Progressives? (Especially Adkins v. Children's Hospital)

Harding's nominees would abuse their powers preventing the furthering of the Progressive movement.

17. How is Harlem an important place in the United States in the 1920s?

Harlem was a very mixed city in the United States in the 1920s bringing about major cultural changes.

9. What is Hoover's response to the start of the Great Depression, and what does he mean by "rugged individualism"?

Hoover's response to the start of the Great Depression was to do nothing and let everything fix itself. "Rugged individualism" refers to Hoover taking a long time to take government action.

18. What two decisions on trusts came in 1911?

In 1911, the two decisions on trusts that came included the dissolving of the Standard Oil Company along with handing down its famous "rule of reason" referring to the combinations that were unreasonable restricting trade as illegal.

9. What new cabinet department is created at Roosevelt's urging to deal with the disputes between capital and labor?

In Roosevelt's urging to deal with the disputes between capital and labor, the Bureau of Corporations was created.

13. What is the role of the labor movement in World War I?

In World War I, labor movements would prove to be influential in bringing workers to help supply America with supplies for war.

21. What does Wilson do in response to Republican opposition to the treaty in the Senate? What happens to Wilson during this time?

In response to the Republican opposition to the treaty in the Senate is handled by Wilson by refusing to compromise. During this time Wilson would suffer a stroke and die.

7. Who runs for the Republicans in the Election of 1916? For what reasons does the book suggest Wilson wins reelection?

In the Election of 1916 Charles Evans Hughes and Woodrow Wilson ran for the Republicans. The book suggests that Wilson wins reelection because many Americans believed that he would try to keep America out of war.

10. How is the United States economy changing in the 1920s? (Industries, tax policy, advertising, buying on credit)

In the United States, the economy is changing in the 1920s because of growing business opportunities bringing about a more modernized America.

15. What major pieces of legislation are created in the aftermath of World War I that provide new opportunities and rights for women?

In the aftermath of WWI the 19th Amendment would be created which provided new opportunities and rights for women.

14. During the early part of the 20 th Century, the movie becomes a part of American life. What are the famous movies mentioned in the book, who created them, and how does this change American culture?

In the book it mentions silent movies such as the movies that Charlie Chaplin starred in.

4. What reforms do Progressives push for in the cities?

In the cities, Progressive reformers push for hiring staff to manage urban affairs, addressing juvenile delinquency as well as prostitution, and they aimed to improve everyday utilities including water supplies, lights, and trolley cars.

3. What gains are made in the battle for women's suffrage in the early 20th century?

In the early 20th century during the battle for women's suffrage, the right for women to vote was given in the states of Washington, California, and Oregon.

5. How did economics change for farmers in the post-World War I years?

In the post-WWI years, farmers were aided by the Agricultural Marketing Act which helped them through new producers' cooperatives.

14. How did private citizens and groups promote the cause of conservation and reclamation?

Private citizens and groups promoted the cause of conservation and reclamation through books about nature such as Jack London's Call of the Wild, the Boy Scouts of American and middle-class clubwomen including the Nationation Audubon Society and the Sierra Club.

3. How did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff alter tariff policy in the U.S.? What are the results of this tariff?

The Fordney-McCumber Tariff altered the tariff policy in the US becuase it would equalize the cost of American and foreign production. Due to this tariff, schedules were improved from 27% to 38.5%.

6. What does the Hawley-Smoot Tariff do? After reading about the causes of the Great Depression, explain how this creates major international problems.

The Hawley-Smoot tariff would be the highest protective tariff in the aftermath of WWI which creates major internation problems because of the restriction on trade.

20. Why did some American citizens oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

Some American citizens opposed the Treaty of Versailles because it wouldn't prevent the US from entering another war since it would continue to stay involved in European affairs under the treaty.

1. Who were some of the prominent muckrakers, what did they write, and who/what issues were their writings about?

Some prominent muckrackers include Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell. Steffens was known for his articles called "The Shame of the Cities" which focused on exposing the corrupt alliance between big businesses and city government. Tarbell was known for his expose on the Standard Oil Company discussing how everyday people were having their lives ruined.

17. What does the book say are the 3 major contributions of Roosevelt that lasted beyond his presidency?

The 3 major contributions of Roosevelt that lasted beyond his presidency that the book states include that he had dramatically increased the power and prestige of the Presidential office which was shown through the development of the big stick when addressing the Anthracite Coal Strike, that Roosevelt had molded the Progressive movement as well as the liberal reform campaigns that would come in the future, and that Roosevelt had better expressed the fact that Americans had shared the world with other nations moreso compared to his predecessors.

20. Explain the Ballinger-Pinchot dispute, and how does the handling of it increase the divide between Taft and Roosevelt?

The Ballinger-Pinchot dispute refers to when Richard Ballinger decided to open public land in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska so as to corporate development which Gifford Pinchot criticized. In handling it, Taft would dismiss Pinchot on the grounds of insubordination leading to an increase in the divide between Taft and Roosevelt.

6. Explain both the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924.

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 would restrict the number of immigrants from a country to 3% of the total people from that country living in the US. The Immigration Act of 1924 would cut immigration from 3% to 2%.

12. How did the Food Administration encourage support for the war effort? Were these efforts successful? Why?

The Food Administration encouraged support for the war effort by leading successful practices such as wheatless Wednesday and meatless Tuesday.

15. How did the Hetch Hetchy Valley controversy split the conservationist movement (Muir's idea vs. Pinchot's idea)?

The Hetch Hetchy Valley controversy split the conservationist movement because of how the two different views between Muir's ideas vs. Pinchot's ideas applied to the dam being built in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park allowed by the Federal government. These opposing views clashed with each other on major issues, specifically, Muir's idea referred to the Sierra Club's statement that the Hetch Hetchy Valley was a "temple" and should be left alone whereas Pinchot's idea was that Roosevelt had wanted to use the nation's natural areas intelligently.

7. What are the main results of the Immigration Act of 1924?

The Immigration Act of 1924 would reduce the number of immigrants coming from foreign nations.

12. Explain what actions the Japanese took in China in the early 1930s. How does the League of Nations respond?

The Japanese decided to leave the League of Nations and decided to occupy Manchuria. The League of Natins responds by condemming the actions of Japan and imposing sanctions on them.

4. How does the KKK change in the 1920s?

The KKK changed in the 1920s by becoming more mainstream in American society bringing in more followers as their ideals became more common.

22. What are the Lodge reservations?

The Lodge reservations were amendments that aimed to guarantee Americans sovereign right in relation to the League of Nations which was proposed to the Treaty of Versailles.

13. What are the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act?

The Meat Inspection Act refers to the act passed in 1906 by Congress which required federal inspection for meat shipped over state lines. The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906 by Congress which was created in an attempt to prevent the possibility of adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.

4. Describe the scandals that rocked the Harding Administration.

The Ohio Gang, which was what Hardings group was referred to as, would prove to be scandals affecting the continuation of the Progressive Movement in the US.

19. What is the Payne-Aldrich Bill, and why is it controversial?

The Payne-Aldrich Bill was created to lower tariff rates but became controversial after so many revisions were added by Senatorial reactionaries led by Senator Nelson Aldrich.

2. Why did the Progressives support the direction election of Senators, and how did they bring that change about?

The Progressives supported the direct election of Senators after the muckrackers had exposed the relationship between the greedy corporations and the Congress in which Congress specifically helped the greedy corporations. As a result, the direct election of Senators was established.

21. How does the Taft-Roosevelt divide reach a boiling point at the Republican National Convention in Chicago in June 1912?

The Taft-Roosevelt divide reaches a boiling point at the Republican National Convention in Chicago in June 1912 as a result of Taft neglecting Roosevelt's policies angering Roosevelt leading to his decision to attempt to be nominated again for the Republican nomination. At the convention, Roosevelt would attempt to challenge the right of 250 Taft delegates to be seated.

11. What laws and actions are taken by the U.S. Government and American citizens during World War I that enforce loyalty and stifle dissent?

The US Government would create the Espionage and Sedition Acts in order to enforce loyalty and stifle dissent.

3. What causes the U.S. to become involved in Mexico? How is this issue resolved?

The US becomes involved in Mexico because President Wilson was against the dictatorship taking place there leading to him sending troops there to get rid of the dictatorship.

5. How is the United States using trade with Europe during World War I? Are they really neutral?

The United States used trade with Europe during WWI in hopes of prospering. They would not be able to trade Germany due to Britain blocking their access which would make the US neutral.

12. Who invents the airplane? How does this invention change the United States?

The Wright Brothers invented the airplane which allows for another source of transportation of people and items for trade.

8. Explain the two major events that happen in March 1917 that lead Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war on Germany.

The Zimmerman Note would prove to be a very important factor in the US joining the war because of Germany's proposition to join forces with Mexico. Another important factor would be the Russian Revolution.

2. Describe the significance of the following international agreements during the 1920s: Washington Conference and Five-Power Naval Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact.

The agreements in the 1920s would prove to be influential in the events that would lead to WWII.

8. Explain the causes of the Great Depression.

The causes of the Great Depression include the Stock Market Crash, collapse of banks, overproduction of farm and industry, and overexpansion of credit, drying ip of internation trade because of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff.

18. What is the dispute between Wilson and the Republicans in the Senate when it comes to the Paris Peace Conference? Who was the leader of the Republicans in the Senate on this matter?

The dispute between Wilson and the Republicans in the Senate when it comes to the Paris Peace Conference was that Wilson didn't take the leader of Republicans in the Senate with him. The leader of the Republicans in the Senate was represented by Henry Cabot Lodge.

8. What is the dispute in the anthracite coal strike in Pennsylvania in 1902? How does Theodore Roosevelt resolve the dispute, and why is his method so significant?

The dispute in the anthracite coal strike in Pennsylvania in 1902 involves the coal miners fighting for a 20% increase in pay as well as a reduction of the working day from 10 to 9 hours and better working conditions. To resolve the dispute, Theodore Roosevelt decided to have the representatives of the striking miners and the mine owners to the White House and told the mine owners that he would threaten to seize the mines and operate them with federal troops. His method is so significant because it was the first time that a threat to the capital had been given.

11. What is the issue with the Bonus Army, and how does Hoover's response cement his fate as a one-term president?

The issue with the Bonus Army is that they are demanding their bonuses from WWI. Hoover's response cements his fate as a one-term president because he denies the Bonus Army from recieving their bonuses.

23. What are the long term consequences of the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the rejection of the Security Treaty with France?

The long term consequences would be grudges against the Allies which would lead to the events of WW2.

8. How does the passage of the 18th Amendment change the United States? What is the Volstead Act? What are some of the unintended consequences of the passage of these laws?

The passage of the 18th Amendment changed the US by incetivizing people to sell alcohol illegally being that it prohibitied alchol. The Volstead Act would help to enforce the 18th Amendment.

10. What is the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?

The purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments.

2. What were the results of the red scare in the United States from 1919-1920?

The red scare would cause a nationwide crusade against suspected communists fueled by the recent Russian Revolution.

3. Explain the significance of the Sacco-Vanzetti trial.

The results of the Sacco-Vanzetti trial were significant because it showed that the US was biased against Italians, atheists, and anarchists.

1. What led to the "red scare" in the United States?

The revolution in Russia led to the "red scare" in the United States.

9. What is the significance of the Scopes trial? (Be sure to understand the trial itself and the conflict between science and Fundamentalism.)

The significance of the Scopes trial is that it would still affect schools today prohibiting the teaching of evolution.

5. What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Muller v. Oregon (1908)? Who is the attorney in the case?

The significance of the Supreme Court case Muller v. Oregon (1908) is that it gave women more protection by providing better working conditions as well as limiting the hours of women workers. In the case, the attorney was Louis D. Brandeis.

11. What is the significance of the Supreme Court's Northern Securities decision in 1904?

The significance of the Supreme Court's Northern Securities decisions in 1904 is that it resulted in the dissolving of the Northern Securities Company. Additionally, this decision would anger major businesses as well as Wall Street.

13. Why does the textbook describe radio as a "revolution"?

The textbook describes the radio as a "revolution" because it allowed all of America to share in their experience of the events taking place around the world.

7. What are the three C's of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal?

The three C's of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal are the Control of the corporations, Consumer protection, and Conservation of national resources.

6. Explain the incidents with the Lusitania, the Arabic, and the Sussex and describe how they antagonized the U.S.?

These incidents involved the sinking of American boats due to German U-boats which would anger the U.S. and further incentivize them to join the war.

18. What is meant by the term Harlem Renaissance, and what does this period mean for African-Americans?

This period means that African Americans were able to truly shine and be recognized for their achievements by many Americans.

16. What is the significance of jazz to the United States in the 1920s?

This would become very popular in the United States with the significance being that African Amerians had popularized and invented it.

12. What is the significance of Upton Sinclair's work The Jungle?

Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" would expose the horrors behind butcher factories referring to the unsanitary conditions that present real danger to the consumers.

10. What does Roosevelt mean by "good trusts" and "bad trusts"?

When Roosevelt referred to something as a "good trust" he was talking about trusts that the public wanted whereas he referred to "bad trusts" as trusts that aimed to greedily take power.

1. How does Wilson deal with the banking issues facing the country? Make sure you know the Federal Reserve Act and how important it is.

Wilson deals with the banking issues facing the country through the implementation of the Federal Reserve Act which would create a new Federal Reserve Board, which would regulate a nationwide system of twelve regional reserve districts that have their own central bank and had the power to issue paper money.

10. Describe each of Wilson's Fourteen Points that are outlined in the text.

Wilson's Fourteen Points include an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations.

22. Describe the result of the Election of 1912. Who wins, and why?

Woodrow Wilson won the Election of 1912 because he received the majority of electoral votes. Additionally, as a result of a split in the Republican party electoral votes would be split as well between Roosevelt and Taft paving the way for Wilson's victory.

9. How does Woodrow use his idealism to create the rationale for the United States to enter World War I?

Woodrow uses his idealism to create the rationale for the US to enter WWI by stating that it would be "the war to end all wars".