Periodic Table

Oxygen Family

Oxygen Group or Chalcogens 6 valence electrons diverse properties, changing from nonmetallic to metallic as you move down the family best known member of this group is oxygen, exits in compounds with alkali and alkaline earth occur naturally in nature

Actinides

radioactive, tarnish in the air, combine with most non metals

Alkali Metals

1 valence electron soft metallic solids shiny, lustrous high thermal and electrical conductivities low densities, increasing with atomic mass relatively low melting points, decreasing with atomic mass vigorous exothermic reaction with water to produce hydrogen gas and an alkali metal hydroxide solution ionize to lose their electron, so the ion has a +1 charge Hydrogen is not considered an alkali metal because the gas does not exhibit the typical properties of the group. However, under the right conditions of temperature and pressure, hydrogen can be an alkali metal.

Alkaline Earth Metals

2 valence electrons metallic solids, harder than the alkali metals shiny, lustrous, oxidize easily high thermal and electrical conductivities more dense than the alkali metals higher melting points than alkali metals exothermic reaction with water, increasing as you move down the group. Beryllium does not react with water; magnesium only reacts with steam. ionize to lose their valence electrons, so the ion has a +2 charge

Halogens

7 valence electrons reactive nonmetals melting points and boiling points increase with increasing atomic number high electron affinities change state as move down the family, with fluorine and chlorine existing as gases at room temperature while bromine in a liquid and iodine is a solid

Noble Gases

8 valence electrons typically exist as monoatomic gases, although these elements do (rarely) form compounds stable electron octet makes these elements unreactive under ordinary circumstances have outer shell filled, non reactive

Nitrogen Family

Nitrogen Group or Pnictogens 5 valence electrons diverse properties, intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals best known member of this group is nitrogen not reactive, nitrogen will bond with itself,

Transition Metals

The d and f block metals have 2 valence electrons hard metallic solids shiny, lustrous high thermal and electrical conductivities dense high melting points These large atoms exhibit a range of oxidation states. most common elements

Lanthanides

high melting point, very reactive, burns easily in the air, magnetic force opposes iron